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中国生物能源利用的思考 被引量:36
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作者 张百良 王吉庆 +3 位作者 徐桂转 杨世关 宋安东 王许涛 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第9期226-231,共6页
在国际能源价格大幅度涨、跌的情况下,国内在如何对待生物能源的利用上出现了截然不同的态度,知识界的分歧更多,影响了国家和企业对生物能源研究的投资方向和信心,也出现了不少盲目性投资。该文在统一生物能源基本概念和计算方法的基础... 在国际能源价格大幅度涨、跌的情况下,国内在如何对待生物能源的利用上出现了截然不同的态度,知识界的分歧更多,影响了国家和企业对生物能源研究的投资方向和信心,也出现了不少盲目性投资。该文在统一生物能源基本概念和计算方法的基础上,对中国生物资源的有限性,时效性,生物能源研究的阶段性,经济性等问题阐述了作者的观点,提出了正确对待生物能源的基本思路,对统一认识,合理布局,推进生物能源发展有重要参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 生物 能源资源 生物能概念 生物能资源量 生物能利用
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基于木屑-黑水虻-餐厨榨液资源化利用的新方法
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作者 赵福林 何冠谛 +2 位作者 梁宽 何腾兵 易维洁 《生态文明新时代》 2023年第1期63-68,73,共7页
传统方法处理餐厨榨液局限于厌氧发酵和理化处理,而生物处理的方式鲜有报道。本研究提出以工业木屑为载体,餐厨榨液为底物的模式来饲养黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)对幼虫生长、餐厨榨液减量、虫体转化、营养元素代谢等进行探究得出:1)... 传统方法处理餐厨榨液局限于厌氧发酵和理化处理,而生物处理的方式鲜有报道。本研究提出以工业木屑为载体,餐厨榨液为底物的模式来饲养黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)对幼虫生长、餐厨榨液减量、虫体转化、营养元素代谢等进行探究得出:1)4天内可直接利用黑水虻幼虫来处理餐厨榨液;2)餐厨榨液-木屑体系固液比在1:8与1:12范围内饲养黑水虻幼虫能达到较好的减量率和虫体转化率,分别为47.17%~55.49%和17.52%~29.90%,经幼虫处理后的剩余物可作为优质的堆肥原料;3)餐厨榨液-木屑体系固液比为1:12时幼虫对餐厨榨液的N、P、K、Na营养元素吸收转化率最高。研究结果可为餐厨榨液生物能再利用,餐厨榨液-农业循环生产模式,工业木屑基肥化应用等提供新方法。 展开更多
关键词 餐厨榨液 工业木屑 黑水虻幼虫 生物能循环利用
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中国沼气利用之嚆矢──罗国瑞及其瓦斯“神灯”明灭的启示 被引量:4
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作者 黄邦汉 李泉临 《中国农史》 CSSCI 北大核心 1999年第1期102-106,92,共6页
20世纪初叶,台湾新竹人罗国瑞开中国沼气利用之先河。虽然他的瓦斯“神灯”同他实业救国的理想一道在日本侵略者的一把火中化为灰烬,然而,他视福国利民为首务、急社会之所需、重视科技与教育、实行市场化公司体制、诚信合法经营、有... 20世纪初叶,台湾新竹人罗国瑞开中国沼气利用之先河。虽然他的瓦斯“神灯”同他实业救国的理想一道在日本侵略者的一把火中化为灰烬,然而,他视福国利民为首务、急社会之所需、重视科技与教育、实行市场化公司体制、诚信合法经营、有序科学管理、保护知识产权、由沿海向内地推进等一整套做法和经验,不仅具有宝贵的历史价值,而且具有明显的现实意义. 展开更多
关键词 沼气利用 中国 照明 生物能利用
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中国生物质能源概况 被引量:9
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作者 张雪元 雷振天 《林产化工通讯》 北大核心 1997年第4期20-22,共3页
中国生物质能源概况张雪元雷振天(南京林业大学化工学院南京210037)1前言中国是一个具有12亿人口,960万平方公里国土的发展中国家。中国的自然资源丰富,可开采煤和油的贮量分别为966.7Gt和78.7Gt,天然... 中国生物质能源概况张雪元雷振天(南京林业大学化工学院南京210037)1前言中国是一个具有12亿人口,960万平方公里国土的发展中国家。中国的自然资源丰富,可开采煤和油的贮量分别为966.7Gt和78.7Gt,天然气贮量为6×105万立方米,可利用... 展开更多
关键词 生物能利用 能源 农业剩余物
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生物质气化及发电 被引量:3
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作者 魏文茂 马隆龙 +1 位作者 肖艳京 卢炳方 《农村能源》 1995年第6期16-17,6,共3页
生物质气化及发电辽宁省能源研究所魏文茂,马隆龙,肖艳京,卢炳方一、前言生物质作为能源利用已有相当长的历史.最初主要是用于直接燃烧,18世纪晚期出现了生物质气化.到了1920年,气化气在欧洲已被用于驱动卡车和拖拉机了。... 生物质气化及发电辽宁省能源研究所魏文茂,马隆龙,肖艳京,卢炳方一、前言生物质作为能源利用已有相当长的历史.最初主要是用于直接燃烧,18世纪晚期出现了生物质气化.到了1920年,气化气在欧洲已被用于驱动卡车和拖拉机了。但由于其技术的不完善及使用的不方便... 展开更多
关键词 生物质气化 发电 生物能利用
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生物燃料又有新发展
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作者 凯文.布利斯 《科技创业》 2012年第11期19-20,共2页
焦耳无限(Joule Unlimited)是一家创业公司。其改造的微生物能利用太阳光、水和二氧化碳制造乙醇。上个月,该公司宣布新的示范工厂投入试运行,将在几周内出产乙醇。9月17日,公司又宣布与奥迪(Audi)成为合作伙伴,后者将帮助焦耳... 焦耳无限(Joule Unlimited)是一家创业公司。其改造的微生物能利用太阳光、水和二氧化碳制造乙醇。上个月,该公司宣布新的示范工厂投入试运行,将在几周内出产乙醇。9月17日,公司又宣布与奥迪(Audi)成为合作伙伴,后者将帮助焦耳无限开发和测试其乙醇燃料。虽然并没有公布合作上的资金细节,但即便不考虑奥迪,焦耳无限也已经募集到了1.1亿美金。 展开更多
关键词 生物燃料 乙醇燃料 合作伙伴 生物能利用 二氧化碳 焦耳 太阳光 试运行
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发展生态农业 促进可持续发展 被引量:3
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作者 胡玉婷 《青海科技》 2000年第3期4-6,共3页
分析了青海省发展生态农业的必要性 ,提出了实施生态农业应采取的措施。
关键词 可持续发展 生态农业 青海 生物能利用
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反刍动物体内氨与尿素代谢研究进展
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作者 汪水平 王文娟 谭支良 《广东奶业》 2010年第1期23-27,共5页
前言 对于反刍动物,除氨基酸(Amino acid,AA)、肽和微生物蛋白质(Microbia crude protein,MCP)之外.氨与尿素在氮素整体营养、消化与代谢过程中亦有十分重要的作用。氨是蛋白质在瘤胃降解的主要终产物,而瘤胃微生物能利用氨合... 前言 对于反刍动物,除氨基酸(Amino acid,AA)、肽和微生物蛋白质(Microbia crude protein,MCP)之外.氨与尿素在氮素整体营养、消化与代谢过程中亦有十分重要的作用。氨是蛋白质在瘤胃降解的主要终产物,而瘤胃微生物能利用氨合成MCP,故非蛋白氮(Nonprotein nitrogen,NPN)可作为反刍动物氮源补充料。 展开更多
关键词 反刍动物 代谢过程 氨基酸 动物体内 尿素 生物蛋白质 瘤胃降解 生物能利用
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Utilization Potential of Sorghum-Sudan Grass Hybrid as a Bio-energy Resource 被引量:2
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作者 张鸭关 韩伟明 曾国荣 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第12期2226-2229,2235,共5页
In this paper, we discussed the utilization potential of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource, including the growth speed, biomass, adapt- ability, resistance, photosynthesis, and calorific value. The S... In this paper, we discussed the utilization potential of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource, including the growth speed, biomass, adapt- ability, resistance, photosynthesis, and calorific value. The Sorghum-Sudan grass hy- brid grew rapidly, and it had abundant biomass resources, strong adaptability and strong resistance (leanness-resistance, salt-tolerance, alkali-tolerance, etc). Moreover, the planting of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid did not occupy the farmland. It had high photosynthetic efficiency and high calorific value. Its composition also met the requirements by raw material of bio-energy resources. In addition, the economic benefits of Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource were analyzed, and the existing problems and countermeasures in the development of Sorghum-Su- dan grass hybrid as a bio-energy resource were discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid Bio-energy resource Development and utilization
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Estimation of Net Primary Productivity of Terrestrial Vegetation in China by Remote Sensing 被引量:31
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作者 陈利军 刘高焕 冯险峰 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2001年第11期1191-1198,共8页
Among the many approaches for studying the net primary productivity (NPP), a new method by using remote sensing was introduced in this paper. With spectral information source (the visible band, near infrared band and ... Among the many approaches for studying the net primary productivity (NPP), a new method by using remote sensing was introduced in this paper. With spectral information source (the visible band, near infrared band and thermal infrared band) of NOAA-AVHRR, we can get the relative index and parameters, which can be used for estimating NPP of terrestrial vegetation. By means of remote sensing, the estimation of biomass and NPP is mainly based on the models of light energy utilization. In other words, the biomass and NPP can be calculated from the relation among NPP, absorbed photosynthetical active radiation (APAR) and the rate (epsilon) of transformation of APAR to organic matter, thus: NPP = ( FPAR x PAR) x [epsilon * x sigma (T) x sigma (E) x sigma (S) x (1 - Y-m) x (1 - Y-g)]. Based upon remote sensing ( RS) and geographic information system (GIS), the NPP of terrestrial vegetation in China in every ten days was calculated, and the annual NPP was integrated. The result showed that the total NPP of terrestrial vegetation in China was 6.13 x 10(9) t C . a(-1) in 1990 and the maximum NPP was 1 812.9 g C/m(2). According to this result, the spatio-temporal distribution of NPP was analyzed. Comparing to the statistical models, the RS model, using area object other than point one, can better reflect the distribution of NPP, and match the geographic distribution of vegetation in China. 展开更多
关键词 remote sensing net primary productivity absorbed photosynthetical active radiation light energy utilization BIOMASS
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奶牛尿素中毒病例治疗分析
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作者 梁晓庆 李娟 梁运霞 《畜牧兽医科技信息》 2005年第5期45-45,共1页
关键词 中毒病例 尿素 奶牛 治疗 反刍动物 生物能利用 固体化肥 饲料来源 饲喂方法 含氮量 合成体 氨基酸 素分解 蛋白质 瘤胃
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牛、羊饲喂尿素应注意的问题
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作者 徐苗 《中国畜禽种业》 2015年第2期96-96,共1页
牛、羊瘤胃中存在有大量的微生物,这些微生物不仅能利用饲料中的蛋白质,还可以利用非蛋白质含氮化合物.由于瘤胃微生物能利用非蛋白氮合成菌体蛋白,提高了限制性氨基酸的含量,使蛋白利用率达90%以上,所以在日粮蛋白质不足的情况下,饲... 牛、羊瘤胃中存在有大量的微生物,这些微生物不仅能利用饲料中的蛋白质,还可以利用非蛋白质含氮化合物.由于瘤胃微生物能利用非蛋白氮合成菌体蛋白,提高了限制性氨基酸的含量,使蛋白利用率达90%以上,所以在日粮蛋白质不足的情况下,饲料中可添加一定数量的尿素,以提高饲料蛋白质含量.但在实际应用时,尿素不能完全代替饲料中的蛋白,只能起辅助性添加物的作用.因此,使用尿素添加剂时,须注意以下几方面的问题. 展开更多
关键词 羊瘤胃 尿素 饲料蛋白质含量 生物能利用 非蛋白质 饲喂 限制性氨基酸
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肉牛尿素中毒的救治
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作者 尹郁荪 赖贻奎 +3 位作者 董闽鲜 康冬柳 张庆生 胡爱明 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》 2005年第2期27-27,共1页
关键词 尿素中毒 蛋白质饲料 救治 蛋白质补充料 生物能利用 非蛋白氮 肉牛日粮 使用不当 急性中毒 牛瘤胃 添加
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反刍家畜饲喂氨化物时应注意的问题
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作者 张宏 《内蒙古农业科技》 2004年第B12期113-114,共2页
关键词 反刍家畜 家畜饲喂 氨化物 蛋白质补充料 生物能利用 饲料蛋白质 消化利用 菌体蛋白 营养价值 含氮物
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Effects of root oxidation ability and P on As mobility and bioavailability in rice 被引量:3
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作者 吴川 潘炜松 +1 位作者 薛生国 莫竞瑜 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第1期74-81,共8页
The effects of root oxidization ability and P fertilization on As mobility in soils, and subsequently As uptake, translocation and speciation in rice plants were investigated. Results show that root oxidation signific... The effects of root oxidization ability and P fertilization on As mobility in soils, and subsequently As uptake, translocation and speciation in rice plants were investigated. Results show that root oxidation significantly influences As mobility in rhizoshphere.Genotype TD71 with higher radial oxygen loss(ROL) induces more Fe plaque formation and sequesters more As and P in iron plaque and rhizoshphere soil, leading to the reduction of As accumulation in rice plants. Additionally, P addition mobilizes As in soil solution, and increases As accumulation in rice plants. Arsenic speciation results show that the majority of As species in husks detected is inorganic As, accounting for 82%-93% of the total As, while in grains the majority of As is inorganic As and dimethyl arsenic(DMA), with DMA accounting for 33%-64% of the total As. The fraction of inorganic As decreases while fraction of DMA increases, with increasing As and P concentrations. The study further elucidates the mechanisms involved in effects of ROL on As tolerance and accumulation in rice. 展开更多
关键词 arsenic phosphorus radial oxygen loss rice speciation
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A study on the bioenergy crop production function of land use in China 被引量:2
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作者 ZHANG Kun YU Yao +1 位作者 BAO Chun-hong WANG Tao 《Ecological Economy》 2010年第4期407-414,共8页
Based on the analysis of the bioenergy crop production function of land use,combined with the status quo of Chinese land use,the cultivation of energy plants and the bioenergy crop production function of land use had ... Based on the analysis of the bioenergy crop production function of land use,combined with the status quo of Chinese land use,the cultivation of energy plants and the bioenergy crop production function of land use had been analyzes and discusses in this paper.Results show that there were a lot of unused lands and marginal lands which can be planted bioenergy crops to perform the bioenergy crop production function of land use with great potentials;and currently there were no food production problems.Therefore,it was very important for China to emphasize bioenergy crops planting in order to fully use land resources in our country,moderate the energy crisis and increase peasants' income. 展开更多
关键词 Land use Bioenergy crop production function of land use BIOENERGY Bioenergy crops Increase of peasants' income
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Comparative Study on Woody Biomass Use and Application in Japanese Biomass Towns
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作者 Kayoko Yamamoto Jun Izumi Shifeng Zhang 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2013年第2期82-94,共13页
This study aimed to grasp the characteristics of woody biomass use and application in leading examples of Japanese biomass towns, and made the following two points clear: (1) Biomass town plans had been officially ... This study aimed to grasp the characteristics of woody biomass use and application in leading examples of Japanese biomass towns, and made the following two points clear: (1) Biomass town plans had been officially announced in 318 districts by 2011, and in about 71% of the districts, woody biomass use and application, which is classified into four types, was being conducted; (2) In each example studied, regional characteristics were reflected and there were distinct characteristics. Shimokawa Town in Hokkaido made the most number of efforts, and after 2008 the number of efforts was increasing; however, along with each of the other examples, the use and application of forest timber offcuts is a task for the future. 展开更多
关键词 Woody biomass biomass town renewable energy forest resources woody resources.
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Energy and Water Optimization in Biofuel Plants 被引量:5
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作者 Ignacio E. Grossmann Mariano Martin 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第6期914-922,共9页
In this paper we address the topic of energy and water optimization in the production of bioethanol from corn and switchgrass. We show that in order for these manufacturing processes to be attractive,there is a need t... In this paper we address the topic of energy and water optimization in the production of bioethanol from corn and switchgrass. We show that in order for these manufacturing processes to be attractive,there is a need to go beyond traditional heat integration and water recycling techniques. Thus,we propose a strategy based on mathe-matical programming techniques to model and optimize the structure of the processes,and perform heat integration including the use of multi-effect distillation columns and integrated water networks to show that the energy effi-ciency and water consumption in bioethanol plants can be significantly improved. Specifically,under some circum-stances energy can even be produced and the water consumption can be reduced below the values required for the production of gasoline. 展开更多
关键词 BIOETHANOL water networks energy optimization mathematical programming
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Evaluation of Potential Productivity of Woody Energy Crops on Marginal Land in China
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作者 WANG Jinzhu GAO Ming +3 位作者 HE Xinhua ZHANG Qian Natamba LEO XU Chang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第6期963-973,共11页
Energy crops are a basic material in the bioenergy industry, and they can also mitigate carbon emissions and have environ- mental benefits when planted on marginal lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pote... Energy crops are a basic material in the bioenergy industry, and they can also mitigate carbon emissions and have environ- mental benefits when planted on marginal lands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of energy crops on marginal lands in China. A mechanistic model, combined with energy crop and land use characteristics, and meteorological and soil parameters, was used to simulate the potential productivity of energy crops. There were three main results. 1) The total marginal land in China was determined to be 104.78 × 106 ha. The 400-mm precipitation boundary line, which is the dividing line between the semi-humid and semi-arid zones in China, also divided the marginal land into shrub land and sparse forest land in the southeast and bare land, bare rock land, and saline alkali land in the northeast. 2) The total area of the marginal land suitable for planting energy crops was determined to be 55.82 × 106 ha, with Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Cerasus humilis mainly grown in the northern China, Jatropha curcas and Comus wilsoniana mainly grown in the southwest and southeast, and Pistacia chinensis mainly grown in the central area, while also having a northeast-southwest zonal distribution. 3) Taking the highest yield in overlapping areas, the potential productivity of target energy crops was determined to be 32.63 × 106 t/yr. Without considering the overlapping areas, the potential productivity was 6.81× 106 t/yr from X. sorbifolia, 8.86× 106t/yr from C. humilis, 7.18 ×106t/yr from J. curcas, 9.55 × 106t/yr from P. chinensis, and 7.78 ×106 t/yr from C. wilsoniana. 展开更多
关键词 energy crop marginal land potential productivity mechanistic model China
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Development of Biomass Utilization in Latvia
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作者 Peteris Shipkovs Galina Kashkarova +1 位作者 Kristina Lebedeva Lana Migla 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2013年第1期96-101,共6页
This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of ... This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year's, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating (and cogeneration), also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMASS energy balance COGENERATION district heating biomass utilization.
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