Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biologica...Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biological processes due to their capability of simple, accurate and real time quantification. The FPs-based molecular and visible quantification tools are giving more impact on bioprocess engineering, enabling the biomolecule-level dynamic information to be linked with the process-level events. In this review, different applications of FPs in biological engineering with emphasis on rapid molecular bioprocess quantification, such as quantification of the transcription efficiency, the protein production, the protein folding efficiency, the cell concentration, the intracellular microenvironments and so on, would be first introduced. The challenges of using FPs with respect to actual bioprocess applications for the precise quantification including the interaction of FPs and the fused partner proteins, the maturation of FPs, the inner filter effect and sensing technology were then discussed. Finally, the future development for the FPs used in molecular bioprocess quantification would be proposed.展开更多
Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste...Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste which is neutral on the amount of CO2. An analytical and engineering model for pyrolysis process of a single biomass particle has been presented. Using a two-stage semi global kinetic model which includes both primary and secondary reactions, the effects of parameters like shape and size of particle as well as porosity on the particle temperature profile and product yields have been investigated. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous researchers' works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done to determine the importance of each parameter on pyrolysis of a single biomass particle which is affected by many constant parameters.展开更多
We propose a new method for the customized design of hip exoskeletons based on the optimization of the humanmachine physical interface to improve user comfort. The approach is based on mechanisms designed to follow th...We propose a new method for the customized design of hip exoskeletons based on the optimization of the humanmachine physical interface to improve user comfort. The approach is based on mechanisms designed to follow the natural trajectories of the human hip as the flexion angle varies during motion. The motions of the hip joint center with variation of the flexion angle were measured and the resulting trajectory was modeled. An exoskeleton mechanism capable to follow the hip center＇s movement was designed to cover the full motion ranges of flexion and abduction angles, and was adopted in a lower extremity assistive exoskeleton. The resulting design can reduce human-machine interaction forces by 24.1% and 76.0% during hip flexion and abduction, respectively, leading to a more ergonomic and comfortable-to-wear exoskeleton system. The humanexoskeleton model was analyzed to further validate the decrease of the hip joint internal force during hip joint flexion or abduction by applying the resulting design.展开更多
Chirality is a unique phenomenon in nature. Chiral interactions play an important role in biological and physiological process- es, which provides much inspiration for scientists to develop cbiral materials. As a brea...Chirality is a unique phenomenon in nature. Chiral interactions play an important role in biological and physiological process- es, which provides much inspiration for scientists to develop cbiral materials. As a breakthrough from traditional materials, bi- ointerface materials based on chiral polymers have attracted increasing interest over the past few years. Such materials ele- gantly combine the advantages of chiral surfaces and traditional polymers, and provide a novel solution not only for the inves- tigation of chiral interaction mechanisms but also for the design of biomaterials with diverse applications, such as in tissue en- gineering and biocompatible materials, bioregulation, chiral separation and chiral sensors. Herein, we summarize recent ad- vances in the study of chiral effects and applications of chiral polymer-based biointerface materials, and also present some challenges and perspectives.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20836004 20806046） the Special Fund for Major State Basic Research Program of China （2009CB724702） the National High Technology Research and Development Program ofChina （2009AA062903）
文摘Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants /homolog proteins are generally called as GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs), which are widely used as visible molecular tools for monitoring a wide range of biological processes due to their capability of simple, accurate and real time quantification. The FPs-based molecular and visible quantification tools are giving more impact on bioprocess engineering, enabling the biomolecule-level dynamic information to be linked with the process-level events. In this review, different applications of FPs in biological engineering with emphasis on rapid molecular bioprocess quantification, such as quantification of the transcription efficiency, the protein production, the protein folding efficiency, the cell concentration, the intracellular microenvironments and so on, would be first introduced. The challenges of using FPs with respect to actual bioprocess applications for the precise quantification including the interaction of FPs and the fused partner proteins, the maturation of FPs, the inner filter effect and sensing technology were then discussed. Finally, the future development for the FPs used in molecular bioprocess quantification would be proposed.
文摘Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste which is neutral on the amount of CO2. An analytical and engineering model for pyrolysis process of a single biomass particle has been presented. Using a two-stage semi global kinetic model which includes both primary and secondary reactions, the effects of parameters like shape and size of particle as well as porosity on the particle temperature profile and product yields have been investigated. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous researchers' works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done to determine the importance of each parameter on pyrolysis of a single biomass particle which is affected by many constant parameters.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.51221004）
文摘We propose a new method for the customized design of hip exoskeletons based on the optimization of the humanmachine physical interface to improve user comfort. The approach is based on mechanisms designed to follow the natural trajectories of the human hip as the flexion angle varies during motion. The motions of the hip joint center with variation of the flexion angle were measured and the resulting trajectory was modeled. An exoskeleton mechanism capable to follow the hip center＇s movement was designed to cover the full motion ranges of flexion and abduction angles, and was adopted in a lower extremity assistive exoskeleton. The resulting design can reduce human-machine interaction forces by 24.1% and 76.0% during hip flexion and abduction, respectively, leading to a more ergonomic and comfortable-to-wear exoskeleton system. The humanexoskeleton model was analyzed to further validate the decrease of the hip joint internal force during hip joint flexion or abduction by applying the resulting design.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21104061,21275114,91127027,51173142)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB933002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013-YB-026)
文摘Chirality is a unique phenomenon in nature. Chiral interactions play an important role in biological and physiological process- es, which provides much inspiration for scientists to develop cbiral materials. As a breakthrough from traditional materials, bi- ointerface materials based on chiral polymers have attracted increasing interest over the past few years. Such materials ele- gantly combine the advantages of chiral surfaces and traditional polymers, and provide a novel solution not only for the inves- tigation of chiral interaction mechanisms but also for the design of biomaterials with diverse applications, such as in tissue en- gineering and biocompatible materials, bioregulation, chiral separation and chiral sensors. Herein, we summarize recent ad- vances in the study of chiral effects and applications of chiral polymer-based biointerface materials, and also present some challenges and perspectives.
