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反贫困的性别分析:基于少数民族山区贫困女性生计资源的调查 被引量:4
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作者 徐莉 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 北大核心 2016年第6期111-116,共6页
在中国,山区占全国领土面积的2/3以上,由于自然条件艰苦,经济发展水平低,贫困发生率较高。少数民族山区的贫困女性更是贫困者中的弱势群体。在这个群体中,生计资源的缺乏是典型特点。可持续生计分析是目前国际反贫困的主流分析框架,采... 在中国,山区占全国领土面积的2/3以上,由于自然条件艰苦,经济发展水平低,贫困发生率较高。少数民族山区的贫困女性更是贫困者中的弱势群体。在这个群体中,生计资源的缺乏是典型特点。可持续生计分析是目前国际反贫困的主流分析框架,采用生计分析,可以凸显以人为中心的反贫困策略。调查发现,在滇桂黔石漠化区域内的少数民族村落中,贫困女性的生计资源特点为:资源总体缺乏,品种单一;现有资源利用不足,获得方式水平较低;人力资源开发有限,社会参与愿望弱。根据这一状况,可采取"看得见人"的反贫困策略:重视性别贫困靶向的资源整合,让生计可持续;推进民族教育改革,提高生计能力;建立性别统计制度,推进社会性别主流化。 展开更多
关键词 反贫困 性别分析 贫困女性 少数民族山区 生计资源
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生计资源配置与生态环境保护——以贵州黎平黄岗侗族社区为例 被引量:17
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作者 罗康隆 杨曾辉 《民族研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第5期33-39,108-109,共7页
长期以来,贵州黎平黄岗侗族社区一直保持着持续稳定发展,呈现出文化与生态环境的有机耦合。其生计资源配置中的特殊举措及文化策略,对当地生态环境的保护有着重要意义。真正的生态保护在于,选用最适用的文化对特定生态系统施加影响,为... 长期以来,贵州黎平黄岗侗族社区一直保持着持续稳定发展,呈现出文化与生态环境的有机耦合。其生计资源配置中的特殊举措及文化策略,对当地生态环境的保护有着重要意义。真正的生态保护在于,选用最适用的文化对特定生态系统施加影响,为人类的可持续发展服务。 展开更多
关键词 生计资源配置 生态环境保护 黄岗侗族社区
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农村可持续发展态势测度与评价
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作者 冯茹 王续琨 《科技管理研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第6期50-54,共5页
尝试依据生计资源的拥有量将农村的可持续发展态势划分为三个等级,即"趋贫状态"、"维持状态"、"趋富状态"。借助1992年至2011年的数据为基础,研判我国农村发展处于中等可持续的阶段,生计资源属于"... 尝试依据生计资源的拥有量将农村的可持续发展态势划分为三个等级,即"趋贫状态"、"维持状态"、"趋富状态"。借助1992年至2011年的数据为基础,研判我国农村发展处于中等可持续的阶段,生计资源属于"维持状态"。农村可持续发展态势测度与评价,是对农村发展的可持续性度量体系的丰富与完善,也是探索生计可持续发展能力的有益尝试。 展开更多
关键词 农村可持续发展 生计可持续能力 生计资源 评价体系
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退耕还林对农户非木材林产品采集的影响 被引量:2
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作者 韩秀华 梁义成 李树茁 《当代经济科学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第1期118-123,128,共6页
退耕还林对农户生计有着重要影响,其主要途径是改变农户生计资本组合及其配置;非木材林产品是山区农户的生计资本之一,目前鲜有针对这类活动影响的具体研究。本文遵循可持续生计分析思路,利用来自陕西秦岭山区农户的调查数据,关注不完... 退耕还林对农户生计有着重要影响,其主要途径是改变农户生计资本组合及其配置;非木材林产品是山区农户的生计资本之一,目前鲜有针对这类活动影响的具体研究。本文遵循可持续生计分析思路,利用来自陕西秦岭山区农户的调查数据,关注不完全市场条件下,政策对不同农户影响的差异性。结果表明对不受非农市场约束的农户,这一政策能够减少非木材林产品采集的依赖度和发生率;而对于受约束农户,这种作用并不显著。 展开更多
关键词 生态补偿政策 农户模型 非农约束 资源依赖型生计
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Forestland prediction of China based on forest ecosystem services for the first half of 21st century
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作者 董仁才 陈春娣 +1 位作者 邓红兵 赵景柱 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期181-186,共6页
A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services an... A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services and classified forest management, we hypothesized that the ecological-forest provides ecological services, whereas commercial-forest supplies wood and timber production, and the influences of the growth of population, social-economic development target, forest management methods and the technology changes on forest resources were also taken into account. The prediction reveals that the demand of total forestland of China will be 244.8, 261.2 and 362.2 million ha by the year 2010, 2020 and 2050, respectively. The results demonstrated that China will be confronted with a shortage of forest resources, especially with lack of ecological-oriented forests, in the future. It is suggested that sustainable management of forest resources must be reinforced and more attention should be drown no enhancing the service function of forest ecosystem. 展开更多
关键词 forest resources forest ecosystem services forestland prediction commercial forest ecological forest timber demand ecological demand
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POLICY-MAKING MODELS WW EMBEDDING IN MRP-Ⅱ
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作者 金朝崇 李长青 金妙光 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 1997年第1期77-80,共4页
Basing on the advanced foreign management theory and methods, introducing MRP-Ⅱ having DSS function and combining Chinese conditions, we present in this paper a method of embedding the block of “lot size” producti... Basing on the advanced foreign management theory and methods, introducing MRP-Ⅱ having DSS function and combining Chinese conditions, we present in this paper a method of embedding the block of “lot size” production in MRP-Ⅱ. 展开更多
关键词 MRP(manufacturing resource planning) “lot size” production algorithm
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Environmental Taxes and Agriculture in the European Union and the Netherlands
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作者 T. Toyoda 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering》 2011年第5期626-630,共5页
This paper analyzes the introduction of environmental taxes in the EU and Netherlands and their effects on agriculture, with a special focus on the background of the introduction of environmental tax systems, their de... This paper analyzes the introduction of environmental taxes in the EU and Netherlands and their effects on agriculture, with a special focus on the background of the introduction of environmental tax systems, their design concepts and effects on agriculture, the effects of fertilizer taxes in promoting sustainable agriculture, policy packages between environmental tax and environmental agreements, effects on globalization and global competitiveness, and conversion to renewable energy based on biomass resources. 展开更多
关键词 EU environmental taxes dutch glasshouse horticulture renewable energy and biomass environmental agreements(covenants) direct effects and dynamic effect.
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Peculiarities of Rent Flows Formation in the Area of Renewable Natural Resources and the Necessity of Their Accounting for Regional Development
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作者 M. R. Tsibulnikova 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2011年第4X期532-535,共4页
Natural landscapes provide ability to live of local people. Because of the lack of information about the rent streams which are created in non-wood resources usage sphere, the priority of the state policy is given to ... Natural landscapes provide ability to live of local people. Because of the lack of information about the rent streams which are created in non-wood resources usage sphere, the priority of the state policy is given to the wood crude product. The purpose of this article is to explain why the ecology-economic accounting of wildlife resources is needed. Methodological approaches of the environment resources by the United Nations allow to define the rent streams created in sector of private households. Based on full economic value of non-wood resources the measurement of rent flows will allow to carry out updating of a state policy and to develop the mechanism of natural landscapes preservation and to increase socially-ecological efficiency of it's using. 展开更多
关键词 RENT non-wood resources ACCOUNT estimation.
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Heat Transfer Validation and Comparative Evaluation of Biochar Yield from Pyrolysis Cook Stove
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作者 Teka Tesfaye Mengesha Ancha Venkata Ramayya 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2015年第6期389-400,共12页
The developing world still largely depends on biomass, such as wood, animal dung and agricultural waste for domestic fuel sources that are typically burned in traditional stoves. Ethiopia has different biomass resourc... The developing world still largely depends on biomass, such as wood, animal dung and agricultural waste for domestic fuel sources that are typically burned in traditional stoves. Ethiopia has different biomass resource for biochar production, through pyrolysis cook stove co-producing biochar. Coffee husks are the major solid residues from the handling and processing of coffee in the study area. This study was to evaluate the biochar co-producing pyrolysis cook stove with respect to heat transfer through the bed and biochar yield. From allothermal type of pyrolysis cook stove, the stove design was selected for both the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation and experimental measurements. ANSYS 14.5 was used for CFD simulation of the wood combustion. The production of biochar from coffee husk, corncob and sawdust at different heating times, bed and stove surface temperature were undertaken. Bulk density, pH and surface area of the biochar were measured. While good agreement between simulation and experimental result was obtained in the conduction phase during pyrolysis, deviation between the two on account of the effect of volatile gas in changing the temperature trend within the biomass bed was noticed. Within the biomass type, the maximum mean biochar yield (38.91%) was seen from coffee husk. In the case of different stove designs, the minimum mean biochar yield (27.11%) was found from normal Anila stove. The pH of biochar is found to be significantly affected by the type of biomass (9.83 mean for corncob and coffee husk, 6.43 mean for sawdust), heating time (9.19 mean for 90 min and 8.01 mean for 30 min) and stove type (9.52 mean for normal Anila and 8.01 mean for flangeless Anila continuous feeding type). In fact, the type of biomass is observed to significantly affect the bulk density and surface area ofbiochar. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCHAR temperature cook stove BIOMASS PYROLYSIS soil CFD simulation.
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Design of reactive distillation processes for the production of butyl acrylate:Impact of bio-based raw materials
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作者 Alexander Niesbach Natalia Fink +1 位作者 Philip Lutze Andrzej Górak 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第11期1840-1850,共11页
The chemical industry is nowadays predominantly using fossil raw materials,but the alternative use of bio-based resources is investigated to account for the foreseeable scarcity of fossil feedstocks.A main challenge o... The chemical industry is nowadays predominantly using fossil raw materials,but the alternative use of bio-based resources is investigated to account for the foreseeable scarcity of fossil feedstocks.A main challenge of using biobased feedstocks is the complexity of the impurity profile.For an economic production of bio-based chemicals,the use of intensified processes is inevitable and approaches are needed for the various process intensification techniques to identify their applicability to be used for the production of bio-based components.In the presented study,an approach is shown for the reactive distillation(RD) technology to identify the most critical bio-based impurities and their impact on the reactive distillation process.The investigated case-study is the production of n-butyl acrylate from acrylic acid and n-butanol.Among all initially identified impurities,the key impurities,having the biggest impact on the product purity in the reactive distillation process,are found.These impurities are then studied in more detail and an operating window depending on the impurity concentration is identified for the reactive distillation column.Furthermore,an integrated design of upstream and downstream processes is facilitated,as the presented results can be used in the development of the fermentation processes for the production of the bio-based reactants by decreasing the concentration of the critical impurities. 展开更多
关键词 Biobutanol Acrylic acid Purification Clustering Impurities
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Optimizing Geothermal Energy Resource
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作者 Mohamad Kharseh Mohammed Al-Khawaja 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2015年第12期667-675,共9页
Unlike other types of renewable energy resources, geothermal energy provides a stable source of energy as it can be exploited regardless of meteorological conditions. Using organic cycle, geothermal energy can be util... Unlike other types of renewable energy resources, geothermal energy provides a stable source of energy as it can be exploited regardless of meteorological conditions. Using organic cycle, geothermal energy can be utilized for power generation. In such systems, the heat is exchanged between the surrounding rock mass and transport fluid. Consequently, the temperature of extracted geofluid from the well decreases with the time in accordance with the working parameters. Those parameters includeenergy extraction rate, temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well, and the thermal conductivity of the ground. Current work, aims to develop a reliable computer model to specify the optimal working parameters so that the geofluid temperature will not reach a low value that is not acceptable for electricity generation, and the energy availability of geothermal resource is maximized. In the current study the ground thermal properties, the geothermal gradient and well dimensions are based on realistic data in Qatar and neighboring countries. The proposed model was developed for different heat extraction rate, different ground thermal properties, and for varied temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well. Simulation shows that selecting the optimal working parameters can increase the availability of geothermal resource significantly. 展开更多
关键词 Geothermal resource heat transfer optimizing computer simulation exergy.
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Different Growth Characteristics of Grewia mollis, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa Under Nursery and Field Conditions
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作者 Niemat Abdalla Saleem Khalil Ayoub Adam Mohamed Mohamed El Nour 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2012年第9期1016-1024,共9页
This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll&, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Na... This study was carried out to assess the growth characteristics of Grewia moll&, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa under the nursery and field conditions. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Morphological and physiological factors were measured. Seedlings height, number of leaves, number of branches and sub-branches were different (P 〈 0.05) among the three species at the nursery stage and under field conditions. Collar diameter showed significant difference among the species under field conditions. Physiological factors exhibited more significant variations in the field than at the nursery stage. Variations in growth characteristics were attributed to genetics differences and different growth habit, while variations in physiological factors (photosynthesis and transpiration rate) were attributed to differences in leaf structure, size and number of stomatal pores. 展开更多
关键词 The nursery and field conditions Grewia mollis Grewia tenax Grewia villosa growth characteristics
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Computational Modelling of Retrofitting a Coal Fired Boiler Type OP-230 for Predicting NOX Reduction 被引量:2
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作者 MOTYL Przemyslaw LACH Jan 《Journal of Thermal Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第5期433-439,共7页
This study focuses on a CFD modelling of biomass-derived syngas co-firing with coal in an older mid-sized PC-fired boiler of type OP-230 with low-emission burners on the front wall. The simulations were performed to d... This study focuses on a CFD modelling of biomass-derived syngas co-firing with coal in an older mid-sized PC-fired boiler of type OP-230 with low-emission burners on the front wall. The simulations were performed to determine whether the boiler can be retrofitted for the fulfilment of the prospective environmental protection regulations relating to levels of NO_X emissions. The improvement of the air staging via the dual-fuel technique was based on the indirect co-firing technology. The impact of two arrangements of dedicated syngas nozzles(below and above the existing coal burners), two syngas compositions and two heat replacements(5% and 15%) on the course of thermal processes in a furnace was tested. The reductions in NO_X emissions were predicted relative to the baseline when only coal is combusted. The highest reduction of about 38% was achieved with the syngas nozzles below the existing coal burners and 15% heat replacement. This arrangement of nozzles offers the residence time sufficient to co-fire coal with waste derived syngas. A lower reduction in NO_X emissions was obtained with the nozzles above the burners as the enlargement of local fuel rich zone near syngas injection becomes significant for 15% heat replacement. Results provide for the decreasing impact of methane content along with the increase of syngas heat input. The avoided CO_2 emissions through the syngas indirect co-firing with coal in the boiler are linear function of heat replacements. 展开更多
关键词 boiler modelling CO-FIRING biomass derived syngas NOX emission retrofitting
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The Research and Practice of Professional Knowledge Sharing and Service: A Case Study of the Geography, Resources, and Ecology Knowledge Service System 被引量:1
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作者 CHEN Zugang SUN Jiulin YANG Yaping 《Journal of Resources and Ecology》 CSCD 2018年第2期218-226,共9页
Knowledge Sharing and Service is one effective way to eliminate knowledge poverty and promote social development.Existing knowledge sharing and service is mainly provided in some organizations or specific social group... Knowledge Sharing and Service is one effective way to eliminate knowledge poverty and promote social development.Existing knowledge sharing and service is mainly provided in some organizations or specific social groups.Besides,a knowledge sharing and service system about geography,natural resources and ecology has not been reported.We proposed a public welfare professional knowledge-sharing and service platform for all members of society in geography,natural resources and ecology.The construction of a knowledge-sharing and service platform is based on five aspects of work:analysis of user requirements,setting standards and drafting policies,aggregating knowledge resources,the technical realization and the maintenance of service.Knowledge resources can be aggregated by using a"two-step"strategy.A knowledge-sharing and service system can be implemented by using"four-tier"structures that are comprised of resources,resource access,application and service,based on the Hadoop-distributed cluster architecture.It has been proven that adhering to the idea of co-building and co-sharing,and using the mechanism of"payment is equal to benefit"can effectively promote the gathering of knowledge resources,and arouse the enthusiasm of all members of society to participate in knowledge sharing and service,to achieve the objective of narrowing the knowledge gap between social groups. 展开更多
关键词 knowledge sharing knowledge service resource aggregation architecture design geography resources and ecology
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