The present study deals with the Water Quality Index （WQI） and absorption of zinc from electroplating industry effluent using ftmgi. The physico-chemical parameters such as EC （Electrical Conductivity）, TDS （Tota...The present study deals with the Water Quality Index （WQI） and absorption of zinc from electroplating industry effluent using ftmgi. The physico-chemical parameters such as EC （Electrical Conductivity）, TDS （Total Dissolved Solids）, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, nickel, chromium and zinc content was above the permissible limits of BIS （Bureau of Indian Standards）. The WQI was 13, which showed that the pollution level of the electroplating industry effluent was severe in the rating scale and the effluent was not suitable for disposal without treatment. Three fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Peinicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus nigricans were used for absorption studies. Different concentrations （25, 50, 75 and 100%） of electroplating industry effluent along with 1 gm of fungal mycelium with （1%） and without carbon source was incubated in a shaker for a period of 7 days in order to observe zinc absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of zinc was found to be higher in Aspergillus niger followed by Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Among the three fungal species Aspergillus niger had high （50%） potential of zinc absorption with carbon source and low concentration （25%） of electroplating industry effluent.展开更多
The study aimed at comparing the effect of selected biopreparations （Boni protect forte, beta-chikol, Trianum P） and fungicide treatment Switch 62.5 WG （cyprodinil ＋ fludioxonil） on the health status of strawberr...The study aimed at comparing the effect of selected biopreparations （Boni protect forte, beta-chikol, Trianum P） and fungicide treatment Switch 62.5 WG （cyprodinil ＋ fludioxonil） on the health status of strawberry grown in the fruiting field at the strawberry farm in Jasionka, Lublin region. The experiment was conducted for three years （2012-2014）. Results showed that the application of all biopreparations and fungicide significantly reduced the number of diseased plants and the disease index. The effect of three biological products was similar. The mycological analysis of plants showed that among the fungi potentially pathogenic to strawberry, Fusarium spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria were predominated. The fewest colonies of pathogenic fungi were isolated from plants treated with Trianum P.展开更多
Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristi...Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristics: small apothecia (<3mm in diameter); hymenium whitish, pale yellow, to yellow in color; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica; asci arising from simple septa; ascospores scutuloid and guttulate; saprophytic nutrition; and leaf habitats, except for H. subsymmetricus, which grows on herbaceous stems. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the universal DNA barcode for fungi, for 16 species in the genus indicated that these taxa were closely related to H. microserotinus, in accordance with their morphological features, but represented independent species. The distinguishing features of each new species from its relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic relationships explored.展开更多
Amazonian Dark Earth(ADE) is a highly fertile soil of anthropogenic origin characterized by high levels of charred black carbon(BC). It is considered a model of fertility; however, knowledge on the fungal community st...Amazonian Dark Earth(ADE) is a highly fertile soil of anthropogenic origin characterized by high levels of charred black carbon(BC). It is considered a model of fertility; however, knowledge on the fungal community structure and diversity inhabiting ADE and its BC particles is scarce. Fungal community structure and diversity of ADE and its BC from four sites under different land uses(three agricultural systems and a secondary pristine forest) in the Brazilian Central Amazon were evaluated by 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Fungal communities in ADE and BC were dissimilar and showed differential abundances of fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs). Estimated fungal species richness(abundance-based coverage estimate and Chao-1 index) and diversity estimators(Shannon and Simpson's reciprocal indices) were higher in ADE than in BC in all agricultural areas. No differences were observed in those parameters in ADE and BC samples from the secondary forest. Pezizomycotina fungi and OTUs assigned to Cordyceps confragosa,Acremonium vitellinum, Camarops microspora, and Hirsutella rhossiliensis were more abundant in BC particles than in ADE. These findings represent a breakthrough in our understanding of fungal communities in BC particles from ADE, and will be valuable in future studies considering biochar application in soil.展开更多
文摘The present study deals with the Water Quality Index （WQI） and absorption of zinc from electroplating industry effluent using ftmgi. The physico-chemical parameters such as EC （Electrical Conductivity）, TDS （Total Dissolved Solids）, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, nickel, chromium and zinc content was above the permissible limits of BIS （Bureau of Indian Standards）. The WQI was 13, which showed that the pollution level of the electroplating industry effluent was severe in the rating scale and the effluent was not suitable for disposal without treatment. Three fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Peinicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus nigricans were used for absorption studies. Different concentrations （25, 50, 75 and 100%） of electroplating industry effluent along with 1 gm of fungal mycelium with （1%） and without carbon source was incubated in a shaker for a period of 7 days in order to observe zinc absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of zinc was found to be higher in Aspergillus niger followed by Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Among the three fungal species Aspergillus niger had high （50%） potential of zinc absorption with carbon source and low concentration （25%） of electroplating industry effluent.
文摘The study aimed at comparing the effect of selected biopreparations （Boni protect forte, beta-chikol, Trianum P） and fungicide treatment Switch 62.5 WG （cyprodinil ＋ fludioxonil） on the health status of strawberry grown in the fruiting field at the strawberry farm in Jasionka, Lublin region. The experiment was conducted for three years （2012-2014）. Results showed that the application of all biopreparations and fungicide significantly reduced the number of diseased plants and the disease index. The effect of three biological products was similar. The mycological analysis of plants showed that among the fungi potentially pathogenic to strawberry, Fusarium spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria were predominated. The fewest colonies of pathogenic fungi were isolated from plants treated with Trianum P.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070015,31093440)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-6)
文摘Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristics: small apothecia (<3mm in diameter); hymenium whitish, pale yellow, to yellow in color; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica; asci arising from simple septa; ascospores scutuloid and guttulate; saprophytic nutrition; and leaf habitats, except for H. subsymmetricus, which grows on herbaceous stems. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the universal DNA barcode for fungi, for 16 species in the genus indicated that these taxa were closely related to H. microserotinus, in accordance with their morphological features, but represented independent species. The distinguishing features of each new species from its relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic relationships explored.
基金supported by the Joint Research Project Be-Basic and So Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP (No.13/50365-5)Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil in coordinating the Brazil-The Netherlands co-operation and CAPES/NUFFIC Program for the author’s fellowship sponsoring (No.057/2014)
文摘Amazonian Dark Earth(ADE) is a highly fertile soil of anthropogenic origin characterized by high levels of charred black carbon(BC). It is considered a model of fertility; however, knowledge on the fungal community structure and diversity inhabiting ADE and its BC particles is scarce. Fungal community structure and diversity of ADE and its BC from four sites under different land uses(three agricultural systems and a secondary pristine forest) in the Brazilian Central Amazon were evaluated by 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Fungal communities in ADE and BC were dissimilar and showed differential abundances of fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs). Estimated fungal species richness(abundance-based coverage estimate and Chao-1 index) and diversity estimators(Shannon and Simpson's reciprocal indices) were higher in ADE than in BC in all agricultural areas. No differences were observed in those parameters in ADE and BC samples from the secondary forest. Pezizomycotina fungi and OTUs assigned to Cordyceps confragosa,Acremonium vitellinum, Camarops microspora, and Hirsutella rhossiliensis were more abundant in BC particles than in ADE. These findings represent a breakthrough in our understanding of fungal communities in BC particles from ADE, and will be valuable in future studies considering biochar application in soil.
