【目的】探究长江流域水旱轮作制度下,化学磷肥和秸秆还田配施磷肥对作物生产力的贡献,以及对土壤磷有效性和磷素效率的影响,为农田土壤磷素管理提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2014-2018年在湖北省武汉市华中农业大学进行,选取定位试验中...【目的】探究长江流域水旱轮作制度下,化学磷肥和秸秆还田配施磷肥对作物生产力的贡献,以及对土壤磷有效性和磷素效率的影响,为农田土壤磷素管理提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2014-2018年在湖北省武汉市华中农业大学进行,选取定位试验中的3个处理,分别为:(1)不施磷(NK);(2)施磷(NPK);(3)施磷配合秸秆还田(NPK+S)。通过测定作物产量、磷含量及土壤有效磷,分析作物磷素利用效率,探讨土壤有效磷变化与磷累积盈亏的响应关系。【结果】与NK处理相比,NPK处理的油菜和水稻平均产量分别提高530.3%和35.9%,磷积累量分别提高495.3%和98.5%;与NPK处理相比,NPK+S处理的油菜和水稻平均产量分别提高19.1%和11.0%,磷积累量分别提高20.6%和11.7%;油菜产量和磷积累量对磷肥和秸秆的响应优于水稻。秸秆还田条件下,油菜和水稻的平均磷素农学效率分别提高6.8%和33.9%,油菜、水稻和周年的磷素累积利用率分别提高8.6%、17.0%和19.8%。秸秆还田对水稻磷素利用率和农学效率的影响更为显著。4年油菜水稻轮作后,不施磷处理土壤磷素累积亏缺110.2 kg P2O5·hm^-2,有效磷浓为1.9 mg·kg^-1;施磷处理土壤磷素累积盈余210.9 kg P2O5·hm^-2,有效磷浓度(4.3 mg·kg^-1)较不施磷处理提高126.3%;施磷配合秸秆还田处理土壤磷素累积盈余(222.1 kg P2O5·hm^-2)较NPK处理增加5.3%,有效磷浓度(5.1 mg·kg^-1)较NPK处理提高18.6%。秸秆还田显著提高了土壤有效磷浓度,但土壤磷盈余量没有明显增加。连续秸秆还田和施用化学磷肥条件下,水稻土每盈余100 kg·hm^-2的磷,NPK和NPKS处理土壤有效磷分别提高1.8和2.0 mg·kg^-1。秸秆还田促进了土壤磷素有效化。【结论】施磷显著增加了油菜、水稻的产量和磷积累量,提升了土壤磷盈余量和有效磷浓度;秸秆还田在施磷肥的基础上进一步增加了油菜、水稻的产量和磷积累量,提高了作物特别是水稻对磷素的利用率和农学效率,同时能够在避免土壤磷素过量积累的情况下提高土壤有效磷浓度。展开更多
The relationship between the growth and nutrient uptake by perennial crop such as pepper is poorly understood and improved understanding of such relationship is important for the establishment of rational crop managem...The relationship between the growth and nutrient uptake by perennial crop such as pepper is poorly understood and improved understanding of such relationship is important for the establishment of rational crop management practices. In order to characterize the growth performance and quantify the nutrient removed, this study presents results of three consecutive cropping years, fertilized with 1, 2 and 3 ton ha1 of NPK fertilizer respectively. Plant biomass accumulated was evaluated every two months, separating plant into stems, branches, leaves, berries, fruit spikes and flowers. Total biomass of pepper increased linearly and reach maximum at 22 months after planting. Thereafter, a decrease in dry matter was observed due to fruit export and fallen leaves at harvest. However, at the 28 months of planting, the biomass of pepper vine showing some increasing trend indicating the vegetative growth was reassumed for the next flowering. At 30 months, the pepper had removed 293.08 kg of nitrogen, 46.41 kg of phosphorus, 264.95 kg of potassium, 35.4 kg of magnesium and 74.82 kg of calcium. Based on data obtained, the nutrient uptake rates were lower than nutrient applied suggested that fertilizer had been overused for pepper production. In light of these results obtained, the optimum fertilizer dosage would be 62-10-62-6-18 kg/ha, 237-22-246-22-65 kg/ha and 390-62-352-47-100 kg/ha of N-P-K-Mg-Ca for the year 1, year 2 and year 3 of cropping year.展开更多
文摘【目的】探究长江流域水旱轮作制度下,化学磷肥和秸秆还田配施磷肥对作物生产力的贡献,以及对土壤磷有效性和磷素效率的影响,为农田土壤磷素管理提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2014-2018年在湖北省武汉市华中农业大学进行,选取定位试验中的3个处理,分别为:(1)不施磷(NK);(2)施磷(NPK);(3)施磷配合秸秆还田(NPK+S)。通过测定作物产量、磷含量及土壤有效磷,分析作物磷素利用效率,探讨土壤有效磷变化与磷累积盈亏的响应关系。【结果】与NK处理相比,NPK处理的油菜和水稻平均产量分别提高530.3%和35.9%,磷积累量分别提高495.3%和98.5%;与NPK处理相比,NPK+S处理的油菜和水稻平均产量分别提高19.1%和11.0%,磷积累量分别提高20.6%和11.7%;油菜产量和磷积累量对磷肥和秸秆的响应优于水稻。秸秆还田条件下,油菜和水稻的平均磷素农学效率分别提高6.8%和33.9%,油菜、水稻和周年的磷素累积利用率分别提高8.6%、17.0%和19.8%。秸秆还田对水稻磷素利用率和农学效率的影响更为显著。4年油菜水稻轮作后,不施磷处理土壤磷素累积亏缺110.2 kg P2O5·hm^-2,有效磷浓为1.9 mg·kg^-1;施磷处理土壤磷素累积盈余210.9 kg P2O5·hm^-2,有效磷浓度(4.3 mg·kg^-1)较不施磷处理提高126.3%;施磷配合秸秆还田处理土壤磷素累积盈余(222.1 kg P2O5·hm^-2)较NPK处理增加5.3%,有效磷浓度(5.1 mg·kg^-1)较NPK处理提高18.6%。秸秆还田显著提高了土壤有效磷浓度,但土壤磷盈余量没有明显增加。连续秸秆还田和施用化学磷肥条件下,水稻土每盈余100 kg·hm^-2的磷,NPK和NPKS处理土壤有效磷分别提高1.8和2.0 mg·kg^-1。秸秆还田促进了土壤磷素有效化。【结论】施磷显著增加了油菜、水稻的产量和磷积累量,提升了土壤磷盈余量和有效磷浓度;秸秆还田在施磷肥的基础上进一步增加了油菜、水稻的产量和磷积累量,提高了作物特别是水稻对磷素的利用率和农学效率,同时能够在避免土壤磷素过量积累的情况下提高土壤有效磷浓度。
文摘The relationship between the growth and nutrient uptake by perennial crop such as pepper is poorly understood and improved understanding of such relationship is important for the establishment of rational crop management practices. In order to characterize the growth performance and quantify the nutrient removed, this study presents results of three consecutive cropping years, fertilized with 1, 2 and 3 ton ha1 of NPK fertilizer respectively. Plant biomass accumulated was evaluated every two months, separating plant into stems, branches, leaves, berries, fruit spikes and flowers. Total biomass of pepper increased linearly and reach maximum at 22 months after planting. Thereafter, a decrease in dry matter was observed due to fruit export and fallen leaves at harvest. However, at the 28 months of planting, the biomass of pepper vine showing some increasing trend indicating the vegetative growth was reassumed for the next flowering. At 30 months, the pepper had removed 293.08 kg of nitrogen, 46.41 kg of phosphorus, 264.95 kg of potassium, 35.4 kg of magnesium and 74.82 kg of calcium. Based on data obtained, the nutrient uptake rates were lower than nutrient applied suggested that fertilizer had been overused for pepper production. In light of these results obtained, the optimum fertilizer dosage would be 62-10-62-6-18 kg/ha, 237-22-246-22-65 kg/ha and 390-62-352-47-100 kg/ha of N-P-K-Mg-Ca for the year 1, year 2 and year 3 of cropping year.
