This paper deals with the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, base on the index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using lots of data for the period of 1980 to 2003. The index is useful in identifyi...This paper deals with the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, base on the index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using lots of data for the period of 1980 to 2003. The index is useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. The research indicates that some agro-products in China such as edible vegetables and tea have a comparative advantage, but the RCA values have been declining over the 24-year period, which has vast impacts on future reform in China’s agricultural structure.展开更多
It is an emerging realistic problem on how to promote a high level of technology in the coal industry, find new upgrading powers and create new competitive advantages, which are also the core problems to efficient tra...It is an emerging realistic problem on how to promote a high level of technology in the coal industry, find new upgrading powers and create new competitive advantages, which are also the core problems to efficient transformation pattern of economic growth for coal industry in the ''twelfth five-year'' period, involving the key to China's energy supply and energy security. Through field surveys and inductive analyses, analyzing of the content of upgrading the coal industry as an entry point, this paper analyzes the sustainable development mechanisms for the coal industry from the aspects of work force, power, methods, goals, and so on; and puts forward corresponding developmental modes according to the mechanisms which can improve resource recovery and mineral resources utilization rates by putting them into practice.展开更多
In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of expo...In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.展开更多
The goal of this article is to determine the spread and use of e-banking technology in Albanian banks, to see the help and advantages that this service provides to the banks and to the customers, and of course to dete...The goal of this article is to determine the spread and use of e-banking technology in Albanian banks, to see the help and advantages that this service provides to the banks and to the customers, and of course to determine if our banking system is actually in the Internet era. In the last decade we notice that banks pay a growing attention to their marketing services and in particular to the use of the latest technologies for their promotions. The use of the lnternet has influenced in the fact that customers now are closer to their banks, their number has increased, and of course through the Internet we have a more efficient exchange of products and services. A questionnaire was developed to help us understand the internet banking acceptance in Albania and other issues related to it. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 9 banks operating in Albania and from the evaluation of the collected data results that all banks that underwent questionnaire, have a separate marketing department. So marketing has an important role in the banking business. The importance of marketing rose by increased interbank competition in recent years. Crisis and economic and financial difficulties have shown that banks, which face these difficult periods, have been those which had not only a healthy bank policy, but also a strong commercial policy. These things depend on many factors, among which we can mention： the tradition, which has taught people to trust ＂their financial secrets＂ only to someone who exercises the profession of banker; the cultural and infrastructural level of development of the population, which gives approval and insures the continuousness of any discovery or development in various fields; the ability of this kind of banking to be successful, that is and remains the basis on which to establish a trustful cooperation relationship of any kind. Strong policies to e-marketing have targeted to increase the percentage of elements such as banking and credit granting. E-banking also consists of counseling online with a bank employee or financial advisor. This kind of service is not only effective for the client, who saves his time, but also more economical for the bank, which reduces its costs in human resources （an adviser to the window only deals with a client, while he can handle online more than two credit cases simultaneously, so we decrease the number of employees in general）. With its low-cost structure, direct consumer marketing and innovative services, the internet is going to present a real challenge to traditional forms of banking. E-banking is seen from the banks as an opportunity to create competitive advantage over its competitors. It offers a great deal of advantages both to the banks and to the customers. Clients are becoming more and more demanding and they are expecting even higher levels of service from their banks.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field ...This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field research with descriptive exploratory method. The results indicate that there is need to be investing in people management, demonstrating that there is still much to be improved, particularly as regards the development of workers. In this sense, it is recommended that invested more in continuing education and refresher courses for staff development, entrepreneurship training to show concern in giving them the opportunity to grow personally and professionally and still have other competitive advantages such as increased productivity, reduced costs, improved quality, and reduction in turnover of staff.展开更多
This article introduces the analysis of strategic management of film production companies. The first part presents processes and models of strategic management and introduces a new and unified model of strategic manag...This article introduces the analysis of strategic management of film production companies. The first part presents processes and models of strategic management and introduces a new and unified model of strategic management. It is noteworthy that the film/film industry value chain helps to understand the notion that the links between separate stages have an impact on the company＇s competitive advantage and reveal how the main product in the film industry, the feature film, is developed. Therefore, the following part analyses models and composition of film industry value models. The final part of this article analyses the main features of a film production company and the sources of funding thereof. The strategic model of independent film production companies is based on the characteristics of strategic management and the value chain models of independent film projects.展开更多
The on-going changes--as both opportunities and threats--push companies to look for competitive advantages and differentiation from competitors by making the best use of certain strategic levers; they are mainly repre...The on-going changes--as both opportunities and threats--push companies to look for competitive advantages and differentiation from competitors by making the best use of certain strategic levers; they are mainly represented by intangible resources （as harder to imitate） such as trade marks, brands, intellectual properties, ethics, and social values. Values in particular become more relevant if taking into consideration the company as a set of ＂human beings＂; companies must be more integrated with its reference society and need to communicate with both external and internal audience covering different expectations, needs and cultures. In this sense, the traditional communication may be now defined as ＂integrated communication＂. Accordingly, ethical principles and corporate social responsibility values are fundamental drivers of this integrated communication policies and are more and more reflected into the company＇s mission. The aim of the present paper is to analyze--at both a quality and an empirical level--the effectiveness of ethics and corporate social responsibility values as drivers for integrated communication. A sample of Italian listed food and beverage companies has been considered to establish if and how ethical principles and sharing corporate values have been built and implemented during the last years; the expected results are to demonstrate the link between literature and empirical evidence concerning effectiveness of integrated communication and its impact on company＇s financial results and--in particular--on value creation for shareholders. Eventually, the study results show that there might be huge benefits in using an integrated communication; talking to people in a coherent way and sharing values constantly make firms achieve best results.展开更多
Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farm...Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports(ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt's cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.展开更多
The distributions of two ubiquitous fouling cheilostome bryozoans,Cryptosula pallasiana(Moll,1803)and W atersipora sp.,on a ship moored for almost six years in Qingdao Bay show diff erences with respect to illuminatio...The distributions of two ubiquitous fouling cheilostome bryozoans,Cryptosula pallasiana(Moll,1803)and W atersipora sp.,on a ship moored for almost six years in Qingdao Bay show diff erences with respect to illumination,C ryptosula being dominant on the side of the ship which was exposed to the sun and Watersipora dominating on the other side which was in shadow for most of the time.Competitive interactions for substrate space were nearly always won by Watersipora,which succeeded in overgrowing the edges of C ryptosula colonies regardless of the side of the ship.Reasons for the superiority of W atersipora in spatial competition with Cryptosula could include faster growth rate and the stronger feeding currents created by the larger lophophores of Watersipora.展开更多
Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alli...Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alliance in the situation of oneshort game and infinitely repeated game, then, based on the analysis of distributors' betrayal of the alliance under infinitely repeated game, the conditions to maintain the distributors alliance are put forward and discussed.展开更多
The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises （SMEs） should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management...The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises （SMEs） should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management innovation. The conclusion is that SMEs should build the core competitive advantages through management innovation, in order to achieve better performance in the fierce market competition.展开更多
This paper aims to discuss the development and functioning conditions of business networks. After recalling the main characteristics of post-fordistic environment and comparing it to a ＂stormy sea＂ （section one） o...This paper aims to discuss the development and functioning conditions of business networks. After recalling the main characteristics of post-fordistic environment and comparing it to a ＂stormy sea＂ （section one） of the paper focuses on the idea of networks described as ＂rafts＂ useful to firms to build their own competitive advantages. In fact, while theoretical knowledge is not so valuable because everybody can have it, practical and contextual knowledge is specific and therefore it can be defended. The development of a contextual knowledge is feasible if the firm chooses among all the possible alternatives. Subsequently in section two, it shows how fordistic principles eliminate space, reduce time, and increase the speed of communication among individuals and as entering a network has become a necessity as it allows a firm to obtain competitive advantages. The greatest benefit is the chance to share the task of creating new knowledge among different members. In section three it is discussed if navigation in the post-fordistic stormy sea could take advantage from the existence of a more certain regulation. It is necessary to underline that positive law is not a post-fordistic tool. There is no satisfactory detailed law regarding ideas, knowledge, and know-how, by now. Therefore, it is not possible to rely on a specific regulation framework to protect knowledge found on the network. In conclusion in section four, the work discusses how single organizations need to reach the ＂raft＂--which is the network--through the idea of sharing learning and distinguishing elements necessary to survive in the stormy sea post-Fordism environment. Lastly, section five would be analyzed a public institution--Milan Chamber of Commerce--which has ＂changed its dress＂ to more effectively perform its support role to firms.展开更多
In times of global changes and turbulence like ours, more than anything, firms need some pillars of stability. By this paper we would like to develop a comprehensive and adaptive managerial approach of corporate reput...In times of global changes and turbulence like ours, more than anything, firms need some pillars of stability. By this paper we would like to develop a comprehensive and adaptive managerial approach of corporate reputation. This is based on the premise that intangible assets （in general） and corporate reputation （in particular） are more and more recognized and managed as sources of （unique） sustainable competitive advantages and as core determinants of firm competitiveness, which are relatively hard to build and very easy to loose.展开更多
文摘This paper deals with the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, base on the index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using lots of data for the period of 1980 to 2003. The index is useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. The research indicates that some agro-products in China such as edible vegetables and tea have a comparative advantage, but the RCA values have been declining over the 24-year period, which has vast impacts on future reform in China’s agricultural structure.
文摘It is an emerging realistic problem on how to promote a high level of technology in the coal industry, find new upgrading powers and create new competitive advantages, which are also the core problems to efficient transformation pattern of economic growth for coal industry in the ''twelfth five-year'' period, involving the key to China's energy supply and energy security. Through field surveys and inductive analyses, analyzing of the content of upgrading the coal industry as an entry point, this paper analyzes the sustainable development mechanisms for the coal industry from the aspects of work force, power, methods, goals, and so on; and puts forward corresponding developmental modes according to the mechanisms which can improve resource recovery and mineral resources utilization rates by putting them into practice.
基金funded by 2011 the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of Education Ministry of P.R.China (Grant No.11YJA790229)
文摘In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results.
文摘The goal of this article is to determine the spread and use of e-banking technology in Albanian banks, to see the help and advantages that this service provides to the banks and to the customers, and of course to determine if our banking system is actually in the Internet era. In the last decade we notice that banks pay a growing attention to their marketing services and in particular to the use of the latest technologies for their promotions. The use of the lnternet has influenced in the fact that customers now are closer to their banks, their number has increased, and of course through the Internet we have a more efficient exchange of products and services. A questionnaire was developed to help us understand the internet banking acceptance in Albania and other issues related to it. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 9 banks operating in Albania and from the evaluation of the collected data results that all banks that underwent questionnaire, have a separate marketing department. So marketing has an important role in the banking business. The importance of marketing rose by increased interbank competition in recent years. Crisis and economic and financial difficulties have shown that banks, which face these difficult periods, have been those which had not only a healthy bank policy, but also a strong commercial policy. These things depend on many factors, among which we can mention： the tradition, which has taught people to trust ＂their financial secrets＂ only to someone who exercises the profession of banker; the cultural and infrastructural level of development of the population, which gives approval and insures the continuousness of any discovery or development in various fields; the ability of this kind of banking to be successful, that is and remains the basis on which to establish a trustful cooperation relationship of any kind. Strong policies to e-marketing have targeted to increase the percentage of elements such as banking and credit granting. E-banking also consists of counseling online with a bank employee or financial advisor. This kind of service is not only effective for the client, who saves his time, but also more economical for the bank, which reduces its costs in human resources （an adviser to the window only deals with a client, while he can handle online more than two credit cases simultaneously, so we decrease the number of employees in general）. With its low-cost structure, direct consumer marketing and innovative services, the internet is going to present a real challenge to traditional forms of banking. E-banking is seen from the banks as an opportunity to create competitive advantage over its competitors. It offers a great deal of advantages both to the banks and to the customers. Clients are becoming more and more demanding and they are expecting even higher levels of service from their banks.
文摘This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field research with descriptive exploratory method. The results indicate that there is need to be investing in people management, demonstrating that there is still much to be improved, particularly as regards the development of workers. In this sense, it is recommended that invested more in continuing education and refresher courses for staff development, entrepreneurship training to show concern in giving them the opportunity to grow personally and professionally and still have other competitive advantages such as increased productivity, reduced costs, improved quality, and reduction in turnover of staff.
文摘This article introduces the analysis of strategic management of film production companies. The first part presents processes and models of strategic management and introduces a new and unified model of strategic management. It is noteworthy that the film/film industry value chain helps to understand the notion that the links between separate stages have an impact on the company＇s competitive advantage and reveal how the main product in the film industry, the feature film, is developed. Therefore, the following part analyses models and composition of film industry value models. The final part of this article analyses the main features of a film production company and the sources of funding thereof. The strategic model of independent film production companies is based on the characteristics of strategic management and the value chain models of independent film projects.
文摘The on-going changes--as both opportunities and threats--push companies to look for competitive advantages and differentiation from competitors by making the best use of certain strategic levers; they are mainly represented by intangible resources （as harder to imitate） such as trade marks, brands, intellectual properties, ethics, and social values. Values in particular become more relevant if taking into consideration the company as a set of ＂human beings＂; companies must be more integrated with its reference society and need to communicate with both external and internal audience covering different expectations, needs and cultures. In this sense, the traditional communication may be now defined as ＂integrated communication＂. Accordingly, ethical principles and corporate social responsibility values are fundamental drivers of this integrated communication policies and are more and more reflected into the company＇s mission. The aim of the present paper is to analyze--at both a quality and an empirical level--the effectiveness of ethics and corporate social responsibility values as drivers for integrated communication. A sample of Italian listed food and beverage companies has been considered to establish if and how ethical principles and sharing corporate values have been built and implemented during the last years; the expected results are to demonstrate the link between literature and empirical evidence concerning effectiveness of integrated communication and its impact on company＇s financial results and--in particular--on value creation for shareholders. Eventually, the study results show that there might be huge benefits in using an integrated communication; talking to people in a coherent way and sharing values constantly make firms achieve best results.
文摘Cotton plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy by meeting domestic and export demands,contributing significantly to agriculture,industry,export earnings,and providing a cash income to roughly one million small farmers.This paper examines the competitiveness of Egyptian cotton exports(ECE) in the international market during the period 1990-2006.It mainly aims at investigating the trends in cotton exports over the studied period,analyzing the competitive position of Egyptian cotton by employing several economic and trade indices,and identifying the key factors that influence Egypt's cotton exports to the world.The results revealed that the total quantity of ECE has fallen from 196.8 thousand tons in 2003 to 87.2 thousand tons in 2006.It also shows a high degree of geographic concentration of ECE,into India,Italy,the Republic of Korea,and Japan.Together,these markets imported about 50%of ECE during 1990-2006.The competitive advantage of Egyptian cotton would appear dependent on quality not price.Japan,the Republic of Korea and Italy presented the most stable markets for ECE.Linear regression analysis suggests that a one percent increase in the Egypt-to-USA export price ratio leads to a decrease in ECE by about 27.8 thousand tons.Such analysis has also shown a positive and significant effect of the World Trade Organization on ECE.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDA11020303,XDA11020305)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2015VEA009)the Project of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-Z-8)
文摘The distributions of two ubiquitous fouling cheilostome bryozoans,Cryptosula pallasiana(Moll,1803)and W atersipora sp.,on a ship moored for almost six years in Qingdao Bay show diff erences with respect to illumination,C ryptosula being dominant on the side of the ship which was exposed to the sun and Watersipora dominating on the other side which was in shadow for most of the time.Competitive interactions for substrate space were nearly always won by Watersipora,which succeeded in overgrowing the edges of C ryptosula colonies regardless of the side of the ship.Reasons for the superiority of W atersipora in spatial competition with Cryptosula could include faster growth rate and the stronger feeding currents created by the larger lophophores of Watersipora.
基金This work was supported by Natural science Foundation of China No. 70302017
文摘Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alliance in the situation of oneshort game and infinitely repeated game, then, based on the analysis of distributors' betrayal of the alliance under infinitely repeated game, the conditions to maintain the distributors alliance are put forward and discussed.
文摘The paper first introduces the concept of core competence. Based on that, it proposes that small and medium enterprises （SMEs） should actively implement management innovation and describes the contents of management innovation. The conclusion is that SMEs should build the core competitive advantages through management innovation, in order to achieve better performance in the fierce market competition.
文摘This paper aims to discuss the development and functioning conditions of business networks. After recalling the main characteristics of post-fordistic environment and comparing it to a ＂stormy sea＂ （section one） of the paper focuses on the idea of networks described as ＂rafts＂ useful to firms to build their own competitive advantages. In fact, while theoretical knowledge is not so valuable because everybody can have it, practical and contextual knowledge is specific and therefore it can be defended. The development of a contextual knowledge is feasible if the firm chooses among all the possible alternatives. Subsequently in section two, it shows how fordistic principles eliminate space, reduce time, and increase the speed of communication among individuals and as entering a network has become a necessity as it allows a firm to obtain competitive advantages. The greatest benefit is the chance to share the task of creating new knowledge among different members. In section three it is discussed if navigation in the post-fordistic stormy sea could take advantage from the existence of a more certain regulation. It is necessary to underline that positive law is not a post-fordistic tool. There is no satisfactory detailed law regarding ideas, knowledge, and know-how, by now. Therefore, it is not possible to rely on a specific regulation framework to protect knowledge found on the network. In conclusion in section four, the work discusses how single organizations need to reach the ＂raft＂--which is the network--through the idea of sharing learning and distinguishing elements necessary to survive in the stormy sea post-Fordism environment. Lastly, section five would be analyzed a public institution--Milan Chamber of Commerce--which has ＂changed its dress＂ to more effectively perform its support role to firms.
文摘In times of global changes and turbulence like ours, more than anything, firms need some pillars of stability. By this paper we would like to develop a comprehensive and adaptive managerial approach of corporate reputation. This is based on the premise that intangible assets （in general） and corporate reputation （in particular） are more and more recognized and managed as sources of （unique） sustainable competitive advantages and as core determinants of firm competitiveness, which are relatively hard to build and very easy to loose.
