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从精确计量到等约计量:犯罪对象海量化下数额认定的困境及因应 被引量:38
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作者 罗猛 邓超 《预防青少年犯罪研究》 2016年第2期36-43,84,共9页
网络犯罪往往具有犯罪对象海量化等特点,按照传统司法的精准计量模式对网络犯罪的数额进行计量、核实和认定存在着客观不能,包括犯罪数额难以认定、犯罪数额的认定难以精确、犯罪数额的真实性难以核实、犯罪数额的认定具有或然性等多种... 网络犯罪往往具有犯罪对象海量化等特点,按照传统司法的精准计量模式对网络犯罪的数额进行计量、核实和认定存在着客观不能,包括犯罪数额难以认定、犯罪数额的认定难以精确、犯罪数额的真实性难以核实、犯罪数额的认定具有或然性等多种情形。为此,本文提出应当以等约计量模式代替精准计量模式,以实现对法益侵害的适切评价。在适用等约计量时,需要从刑法规定、司法解释、证据规则以及诉讼程序等进行相应调整。 展开更多
关键词 精确计量 等约计量 犯罪对象 海量化 数额认定
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网络犯罪证明简化论 被引量:60
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作者 刘品新 《中国刑事法杂志》 CSSCI 北大核心 2017年第6期24-37,共14页
惩治网络犯罪的重点在于有效化解证明难题。网络犯罪证明难题既缘于技术障碍,也缘于法律缺位;既有国际共性原因,也有中国个性原因。合理对策是分类化解网络犯罪证明的法律障碍。对此,我国可以借鉴国际经验构建网络犯罪的简易证明机制,... 惩治网络犯罪的重点在于有效化解证明难题。网络犯罪证明难题既缘于技术障碍,也缘于法律缺位;既有国际共性原因,也有中国个性原因。合理对策是分类化解网络犯罪证明的法律障碍。对此,我国可以借鉴国际经验构建网络犯罪的简易证明机制,即通过法律扩张解释、证明责任移转与证明标准降格来消减网络犯罪的证明负担;通过推定、司法认知等非证据证明方法来直接确认相关事实。这属于普适性的体系化应对。同时,针对网络"二元制"治理架构带来的"数量情节"难认定的特殊问题,我国应当谨慎使用有实质缺陷的抽样取证与等约计量等方法,积极推行两步式的"底线证明法"。这属于中国式的简化方案。相比前者,更为重要,也易见成效。 展开更多
关键词 网络犯罪 证明 电子证据 抽样取证 等约计量 底线证明
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A NOTE ON THE PROPERTIES OF STEIN-RULE AND INEQUALITY RESTRICTED ESTIMATORS WHEN THE REGRESSION MODEL IS OVER-FITTED
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作者 Sherry Zhefang ZHOU 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2010年第2期315-320,共6页
This paper considers the effect of an erroneous inclusion of regressors on the risk propertiesof the Stein-rule,positive-part Stein-rule and inequality restricted and pre-test estimators in a linearregression model.Th... This paper considers the effect of an erroneous inclusion of regressors on the risk propertiesof the Stein-rule,positive-part Stein-rule and inequality restricted and pre-test estimators in a linearregression model.The two Stein-rule estimators are considered when extraneous information is availablein the form of a set of multiple equality constraints on the coefficients,while the inequality estimatorsare considered under the case of a single inequality constraint.It is shown that the inclusion ofwrong regressors has only minimal effect on the properties of the Stein-rule and positive-part Stein-ruleestimators,and no effect at all on the inequality restricted and pre-test estimators when there is asingle inequality constraint. 展开更多
关键词 Inequality restricted estimator linear regression model model misspecification stein-rule estimator.
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Testing against second-order stochastic dominance of multiple distributions
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作者 Jianling Zhang Zhongzhan Zhang Weizhen Wang 《International Journal of Biomathematics》 2015年第3期225-236,共12页
Second-order stochastic dominance plays an important role in reliability and various branches of economics such as finance and decision-making under risk, and statistical testing for the stochastic dominance is often ... Second-order stochastic dominance plays an important role in reliability and various branches of economics such as finance and decision-making under risk, and statistical testing for the stochastic dominance is often useful in practice. In this paper, we present a test of stochastic equality under the constraint of second-order stochastic dominance based on the theory of empirical processes. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is obtained, and a simple method to compute the critical value is derived. Simulation results and real data examples are presented to illustrate the proposed test method. 展开更多
关键词 Second-order stochastic dominance asymptotic distribution hypothesis testing weak convergence.
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