Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc sal...Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.展开更多
In order to pursue the ideal criterion of ＂faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance＂ initiated by the famous translator YAN-fu in translation and ＂accuracy, smoothness, and quickness＂ in interpretation in China,...In order to pursue the ideal criterion of ＂faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance＂ initiated by the famous translator YAN-fu in translation and ＂accuracy, smoothness, and quickness＂ in interpretation in China, people have summarized some techniques to help the process. And generally speaking, trainers or teachers will introduce those techniques to the students respectively. Yet in this paper firstly, by taking examples from some of the text books and a few famous conferences in China, it makes a comparative analysis of the different techniques in translation and interpretation. The comparative analysis explores the most three common techniques： amplification, omission, and repetition in translation and interpretation, and draws the conclusion that translation is more formal, more rigorous, while interpretation is comparetively simple and flexiable. Based on the above analysis, then the paper suggests that the comparative analysis approaches should be used during the teaching process instead of the traditional one-way teaching.展开更多
Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein...Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein hyperacetylationo This reversible, post- translational modification on the E-amino groups of lysine residues has been shown to modulate multiple, diverse cellular processes ranging from transcriptional activation to microtubule stability. Thus, alcohol- induced protein hyperacetylation likely leads to major physiological consequences that contribute to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Lysine acetylation is controlled by the activities of two opposing enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Currently, efforts are aimed at determining which enzymes are responsible for the increased acetylation of specific substrates. However, the greater challenge will be to determine the physiological ramifications of protein hyperacetylation and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease. In this review, we will first list and discuss the proteins known to be hyperacetylated in the presence of ethanol. We will then describe what is known about the mechanisms leading to increased protein acetylation and how hyperacetylation may perturb hepatic function.展开更多
In order to improve the accuracy of spoken English translation evaluation and artificial intelligence, the design of wireless mobile terminal lest of spoken English translation accuracy evaluation system is researched...In order to improve the accuracy of spoken English translation evaluation and artificial intelligence, the design of wireless mobile terminal lest of spoken English translation accuracy evaluation system is researched. The system uses four layer construction design as wireless information collection layer, the mobile terminal information fusion layer, network data transmission layer, human computer interactive application layer. The original collection of computer-based spoken English translation information is taken based on host computer communication sensing information processing technology, Bus data transmission of English translation accuracy evaluation system is taken based on B/S structure, the test design process and remote scheduling information fusion are constructed based on LabWindows/CVl and B/S structure mining system, information data processing and cross compiler operation of the spoken English translation test evaluation system are completed in application layer, in the embedded kernel and on the wireless mobile terminal, the evaluation system is developed. The test results show that the integrated scheduling ability of spoken English translation test information system designed in this paper is better than traditional method, the cost time is less, and the control quality of the system is high.展开更多
文摘Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7 B gene. A clear demand for novel WD treatment strategies has emerged. Although therapies using zinc salts and copper chelators can effectively cure WD, these drugs exhibit limitations in a substantial pool of WD patients who develop intolerance and/or severe side effects. Several lines of research have indicated intriguing potential for novel strategies and targets for development of new therapies. Here, we review these new approaches, which comprise correction of ATP7 B mutants and discovery of new compounds that circumvent ATP7B-deficiency, as well as cell and gene therapies. We also discuss whether and when these new therapeutic strategies will be translated into clinical use, according to the key requirements for clinical trials that remain to be met. Finally, we discuss the hope for the current rapidly developing research on molecular mechanisms underlying WD pathogenesis and for the related potential therapeutic targets to provide a solid foundation for the next generation of WD therapies that may lead to an effective, tolerable and safe cure.
文摘In order to pursue the ideal criterion of ＂faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance＂ initiated by the famous translator YAN-fu in translation and ＂accuracy, smoothness, and quickness＂ in interpretation in China, people have summarized some techniques to help the process. And generally speaking, trainers or teachers will introduce those techniques to the students respectively. Yet in this paper firstly, by taking examples from some of the text books and a few famous conferences in China, it makes a comparative analysis of the different techniques in translation and interpretation. The comparative analysis explores the most three common techniques： amplification, omission, and repetition in translation and interpretation, and draws the conclusion that translation is more formal, more rigorous, while interpretation is comparetively simple and flexiable. Based on the above analysis, then the paper suggests that the comparative analysis approaches should be used during the teaching process instead of the traditional one-way teaching.
基金Supported by The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R21 AA015683) awarded to P.L.T.
文摘Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein hyperacetylationo This reversible, post- translational modification on the E-amino groups of lysine residues has been shown to modulate multiple, diverse cellular processes ranging from transcriptional activation to microtubule stability. Thus, alcohol- induced protein hyperacetylation likely leads to major physiological consequences that contribute to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Lysine acetylation is controlled by the activities of two opposing enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Currently, efforts are aimed at determining which enzymes are responsible for the increased acetylation of specific substrates. However, the greater challenge will be to determine the physiological ramifications of protein hyperacetylation and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease. In this review, we will first list and discuss the proteins known to be hyperacetylated in the presence of ethanol. We will then describe what is known about the mechanisms leading to increased protein acetylation and how hyperacetylation may perturb hepatic function.
文摘In order to improve the accuracy of spoken English translation evaluation and artificial intelligence, the design of wireless mobile terminal lest of spoken English translation accuracy evaluation system is researched. The system uses four layer construction design as wireless information collection layer, the mobile terminal information fusion layer, network data transmission layer, human computer interactive application layer. The original collection of computer-based spoken English translation information is taken based on host computer communication sensing information processing technology, Bus data transmission of English translation accuracy evaluation system is taken based on B/S structure, the test design process and remote scheduling information fusion are constructed based on LabWindows/CVl and B/S structure mining system, information data processing and cross compiler operation of the spoken English translation test evaluation system are completed in application layer, in the embedded kernel and on the wireless mobile terminal, the evaluation system is developed. The test results show that the integrated scheduling ability of spoken English translation test information system designed in this paper is better than traditional method, the cost time is less, and the control quality of the system is high.
