节子影响着实木板材力学性能,如何准确刻画出节子在实木板材内部的形态,进而计算出实木板材力学性能是一个具有应用价值的科学问题。目前,基于机器视觉的缺陷检测方法实现了实木板材表面缺陷检测与识别,超声波检测方法可以判断出实木板...节子影响着实木板材力学性能,如何准确刻画出节子在实木板材内部的形态,进而计算出实木板材力学性能是一个具有应用价值的科学问题。目前,基于机器视觉的缺陷检测方法实现了实木板材表面缺陷检测与识别,超声波检测方法可以判断出实木板材中缺陷的存在, X-ray虽然可以全面的掌握实木信息,但其检测成本较高。近红外光谱分析具有结构丰富,测试方便、无损快速的特点,但是,光谱中存在的冗余与非线性信息影响建模精准度,提出一种基于Isomap和小波神经网络融合的节子倾角辨识方法,利用Isomap完成光谱信息非线性降维,运用小波神经网络建立节子边缘的物质成分与倾角间的非线性关联,通过边缘多点倾角反演出节子在实木板材内部的形态。首先,采用Pablo提出的节子斜圆锥模型,并结合图像处理提取实木板材表面的节子缺陷区域,计算出相应中心位置;提取节子边缘的多点位置,采集光谱信息并完成基线漂移和去噪处理;然后,利用K-S划分校正样本集,运用主成分与马氏距离结合剔除异常光谱;接着,运用Isomap方法设定降维数和邻近数,通过PLS完成不同光谱维度的快速建模,进而迭代出理想光谱特征;最后,应用具有局部信息优化能力的小波神经网络建立节子边缘光谱与该点倾角间的非线性关系,构建出1个12输入、 1输出的网络模型,并运用梯度修正网络参数;将节子倾角预测结果输入Solidworks软件完成节子椎体形态的三维呈现。实验采用落叶松实木板材作为对象,选取并采集了40个节子的160组光谱数据,通过测量上、下表面节子的相对空间位置,计算出边缘点倾斜角数值并进行建模分析,实验结果表明:采用S-G平滑与一阶导数进行光谱预处理,得到的光谱轮廓更清晰、吸收峰更明显;采用Isomap特征降维方法,选取非线性降维数 d =12、近邻数 k =19时, SECV最小,可以消除光谱信息的冗余数据;采用小波神经网络建立的节子倾角非线性模型,其预测相关系数为0.88,预测标准差为7.65,相对分析误差为2.14;可以实现节子在实木板材内部的形态反演,可以为力学性能预测提供定量化分析手段。展开更多
inductive fault analysis is a technique for enumerating likely bridges that is limited by the weighted critical area computation. Based on the rectangle model of a real defect and mathematical morphology, an efficient...inductive fault analysis is a technique for enumerating likely bridges that is limited by the weighted critical area computation. Based on the rectangle model of a real defect and mathematical morphology, an efficient algorithm is presented to compute the weighted critical area of a layout. The algorithm avoids the need to determine which rectangles belong to a net and the merging of the critical area corresponding to a net pair. Experimental resuits showing the algorithm＇s performance are presented.展开更多
Voids are one of the major defects in ball grid array （BGA） solder joints due to a large amount of outgassing flux that gets entrapped during reflow. X-ray nondestructive machines are used to make voids visible ...Voids are one of the major defects in ball grid array （BGA） solder joints due to a large amount of outgassing flux that gets entrapped during reflow. X-ray nondestructive machines are used to make voids visible as lighter areas inside the solder joints in X-ray images for detection However, it has always been difficult to analyze this problem automatically because of some challenges such as noise, inconsistent lighting and void-like artifacts. This study realized accurate extraction and automatic a-nalysis of void defects in solder joints by adopting a technical proposal, in which Otsu algorithm was used to segment solder balls and void defects were extracted through opening and closing operations and top-hat transformation in mathematical mor-phology. Experimental results show that the technical proposal mentioned here has good robustness and can be applied in the detection of voids in BGA solder joints.展开更多
Neural tube defects （NTDs） are severe congenital malformation diseases, which occur in 1 out of 1000 births in human. In Xenopus, several tissue movements are involved in the neural tube closure process. Immediately...Neural tube defects （NTDs） are severe congenital malformation diseases, which occur in 1 out of 1000 births in human. In Xenopus, several tissue movements are involved in the neural tube closure process. Immediately after the neural tube fusion, the neural crest cells get monopolar protrusion toward dorsal midline and migrate to form the roof of the neural tube. At the same time, radial intercalation takes place from the ventral neural tube and forces it to be single-layered. Here, we physically block the neural tube closure to test the cell movements and the following patterning in Xenopus laevis explants. The results show that the single-layered neural tube fails to form and the neural crest cells remain at the lateral regions in the explants with NTDs. However, the patterning of the neural tube is not affected as indicated by the normal expression of the preneural genes. These results indicate a requirement of the neural tube fusion for the radial intercalation and the dorsal midline directed neural crest migration, but not for the dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube.展开更多
在过去10年中，对婴儿猝死综合征(Suddea iafaat death syndrome SIDS)原因的解释提出了许多新理论，这些理论大致可以分为四十方面：一，对以往健康婴儿的一种剧烈应激反应；二：出生时的功能或形态缺陷；三、发育异常；四，婴儿在发...在过去10年中，对婴儿猝死综合征(Suddea iafaat death syndrome SIDS)原因的解释提出了许多新理论，这些理论大致可以分为四十方面：一，对以往健康婴儿的一种剧烈应激反应；二：出生时的功能或形态缺陷；三、发育异常；四，婴儿在发育关键阶段特别易受打击。展开更多
Although there has been much research of cracks of the cement-based materials using optical and electron microscopy two-dimensional (2D) imaging methods, the real three-dimensional (3D) crack shapes have not previousl...Although there has been much research of cracks of the cement-based materials using optical and electron microscopy two-dimensional (2D) imaging methods, the real three-dimensional (3D) crack shapes have not previously been revealed. Thanks to the focused ion beam (FIB) tomography and the follow-up image processing, two 3D subsurface cracks and a cluster of inner cracks were picked out and discussed in this research. It was found that the subsurface crack (its length is about 15 part, width about 1-5 prn, and opening about 1 ~tm) was much larger than the inner crack (its length and width are about 1-5 pro, opening is from 200 nm to 1 pan), which arose from the sample preparation process. Besides, it was revealed that most of the inner cracks were in the form of clusters.展开更多
In industry,the defective point data often make most surface reconstruction methods suffer from inherent problems that some specific aided information is difficult to obtain. To solve the problem,a novel implicit reco...In industry,the defective point data often make most surface reconstruction methods suffer from inherent problems that some specific aided information is difficult to obtain. To solve the problem,a novel implicit reconstruction method without any such information is proposed. This approach extends morphological operations into 3D space and provides an improved procedure to construct off-set gradient functions for indirect approximation. By this method,the dual relative functions guarantee a minimal crust surrounding the point data. They can generate a smooth and watertight resulting surface,filling holes and merging overlapping samples reasonably. Compared with other existing methods,the proposed method is better suited to handle defective point clouds in a convenient and efficient manner. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated through a series of practical examples.展开更多
文摘节子影响着实木板材力学性能,如何准确刻画出节子在实木板材内部的形态,进而计算出实木板材力学性能是一个具有应用价值的科学问题。目前,基于机器视觉的缺陷检测方法实现了实木板材表面缺陷检测与识别,超声波检测方法可以判断出实木板材中缺陷的存在, X-ray虽然可以全面的掌握实木信息,但其检测成本较高。近红外光谱分析具有结构丰富,测试方便、无损快速的特点,但是,光谱中存在的冗余与非线性信息影响建模精准度,提出一种基于Isomap和小波神经网络融合的节子倾角辨识方法,利用Isomap完成光谱信息非线性降维,运用小波神经网络建立节子边缘的物质成分与倾角间的非线性关联,通过边缘多点倾角反演出节子在实木板材内部的形态。首先,采用Pablo提出的节子斜圆锥模型,并结合图像处理提取实木板材表面的节子缺陷区域,计算出相应中心位置;提取节子边缘的多点位置,采集光谱信息并完成基线漂移和去噪处理;然后,利用K-S划分校正样本集,运用主成分与马氏距离结合剔除异常光谱;接着,运用Isomap方法设定降维数和邻近数,通过PLS完成不同光谱维度的快速建模,进而迭代出理想光谱特征;最后,应用具有局部信息优化能力的小波神经网络建立节子边缘光谱与该点倾角间的非线性关系,构建出1个12输入、 1输出的网络模型,并运用梯度修正网络参数;将节子倾角预测结果输入Solidworks软件完成节子椎体形态的三维呈现。实验采用落叶松实木板材作为对象,选取并采集了40个节子的160组光谱数据,通过测量上、下表面节子的相对空间位置,计算出边缘点倾斜角数值并进行建模分析,实验结果表明:采用S-G平滑与一阶导数进行光谱预处理,得到的光谱轮廓更清晰、吸收峰更明显;采用Isomap特征降维方法,选取非线性降维数 d =12、近邻数 k =19时, SECV最小,可以消除光谱信息的冗余数据;采用小波神经网络建立的节子倾角非线性模型,其预测相关系数为0.88,预测标准差为7.65,相对分析误差为2.14;可以实现节子在实木板材内部的形态反演,可以为力学性能预测提供定量化分析手段。
文摘inductive fault analysis is a technique for enumerating likely bridges that is limited by the weighted critical area computation. Based on the rectangle model of a real defect and mathematical morphology, an efficient algorithm is presented to compute the weighted critical area of a layout. The algorithm avoids the need to determine which rectangles belong to a net and the merging of the critical area corresponding to a net pair. Experimental resuits showing the algorithm＇s performance are presented.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science And Technology of China(No.2013YQ240803)Shanxi Programs for Science and Technology Development(Nos.20140321010-02,201603D121040-1)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province(No.2013063)
文摘Voids are one of the major defects in ball grid array （BGA） solder joints due to a large amount of outgassing flux that gets entrapped during reflow. X-ray nondestructive machines are used to make voids visible as lighter areas inside the solder joints in X-ray images for detection However, it has always been difficult to analyze this problem automatically because of some challenges such as noise, inconsistent lighting and void-like artifacts. This study realized accurate extraction and automatic a-nalysis of void defects in solder joints by adopting a technical proposal, in which Otsu algorithm was used to segment solder balls and void defects were extracted through opening and closing operations and top-hat transformation in mathematical mor-phology. Experimental results show that the technical proposal mentioned here has good robustness and can be applied in the detection of voids in BGA solder joints.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30425011 30530380)the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-R-090)~~
文摘Neural tube defects （NTDs） are severe congenital malformation diseases, which occur in 1 out of 1000 births in human. In Xenopus, several tissue movements are involved in the neural tube closure process. Immediately after the neural tube fusion, the neural crest cells get monopolar protrusion toward dorsal midline and migrate to form the roof of the neural tube. At the same time, radial intercalation takes place from the ventral neural tube and forces it to be single-layered. Here, we physically block the neural tube closure to test the cell movements and the following patterning in Xenopus laevis explants. The results show that the single-layered neural tube fails to form and the neural crest cells remain at the lateral regions in the explants with NTDs. However, the patterning of the neural tube is not affected as indicated by the normal expression of the preneural genes. These results indicate a requirement of the neural tube fusion for the radial intercalation and the dorsal midline directed neural crest migration, but not for the dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube.
基金sponsored jointly by the foundation of National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2009CB623203)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51008072)+1 种基金Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.200802861029)SRF for ROCS,SEM
文摘Although there has been much research of cracks of the cement-based materials using optical and electron microscopy two-dimensional (2D) imaging methods, the real three-dimensional (3D) crack shapes have not previously been revealed. Thanks to the focused ion beam (FIB) tomography and the follow-up image processing, two 3D subsurface cracks and a cluster of inner cracks were picked out and discussed in this research. It was found that the subsurface crack (its length is about 15 part, width about 1-5 prn, and opening about 1 ~tm) was much larger than the inner crack (its length and width are about 1-5 pro, opening is from 200 nm to 1 pan), which arose from the sample preparation process. Besides, it was revealed that most of the inner cracks were in the form of clusters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant No. 50835004)
文摘In industry,the defective point data often make most surface reconstruction methods suffer from inherent problems that some specific aided information is difficult to obtain. To solve the problem,a novel implicit reconstruction method without any such information is proposed. This approach extends morphological operations into 3D space and provides an improved procedure to construct off-set gradient functions for indirect approximation. By this method,the dual relative functions guarantee a minimal crust surrounding the point data. They can generate a smooth and watertight resulting surface,filling holes and merging overlapping samples reasonably. Compared with other existing methods,the proposed method is better suited to handle defective point clouds in a convenient and efficient manner. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated through a series of practical examples.
