Using data from the farm household survey conducted in 2009,arable land use intensity(ALUI)and its influence factors at farm household level were investigated by the Tobit model.Suyu District of Suqian City and Taixin...Using data from the farm household survey conducted in 2009,arable land use intensity(ALUI)and its influence factors at farm household level were investigated by the Tobit model.Suyu District of Suqian City and Taixing City of Jiansu Province,China were chosen as the regions for comparison.The results show that:1)On the average, the ALUI,labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input are 15 238.14 yuan(RMB)/ha,192 d/ha, 7233.01 yuan/ha,and 2451.32 yuan/ha in the less economically developed Suyu District,and 13 020.65 yuan/ha,181 d/ha,5871.82 yuan/ha,and 2625.97 yuan/ha in more economically developed Taixing City.The figures indicate that Suyu District has higher ALUI and labor intensity input but lower labor-saving input.2)Comparing all the influence factors,the total arable land area in available and average plot size have bigger effects on arable land intensive use;to a small degree,family′s non-farm income affects labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input;the yield-increasing input decreases significantly when the householder has higher education attainment;the commercialization rates of agricultural products and the planting proportion of cash crops both have unstable influence on ALUI; the share of arable land rented in has few impacts on labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input. 3)There are no differences found in the internal impact mechanism of influence factors on the arable land intensive use behaviors of farm households.However,there are conspicuous disparities in the impact degrees and statistical significance based on varying economic levels.4)Using the results as bases,this study proposes that the government should implement land management and agricultural policies according to local condition.And these policies should decrease land fragmentation to promote scale management of land and arable land use intensification.展开更多
[Objective] The paper aimed at exploring the variation of cultivated land and influencing factors during 1996 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province more directly,comprehensively and accurately.[Method] The variation of the amo...[Objective] The paper aimed at exploring the variation of cultivated land and influencing factors during 1996 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province more directly,comprehensively and accurately.[Method] The variation of the amount of cultivated land in Zhejiang Province and direct influencing factors had been analyzed using the land survey results of last 10 years.[Result] The cultivated land area of the whole province was reduced by 208 thousand hm2 with a decrease amplitude of 9.8%;terrain slope had played a direct role among the natural influencing factors of cultivated land variation,the cultivated land areas of flats and abrupt slopes were reduced more rapidly,while the terrace areas of gentle slopes had increased;among the social driving forces,the agricultural structure adjustment,construction land expansion and implementation of ecological restoration policy had directly led to the decline of cultivated land areas,while the strict cultivated land protection policy had slowed down the loss of cultivated land.[Conclusion] In conclusion,the declining trend of cultivated land areas is inevitable,so that more scientific general planning of land utilization and more strict land policy has to be utilized more fully in order to guarantee the social and economic development and protect the cultivated land.展开更多
Farmland resources in mountainous areas are important for regional food security and ecological secu- rity. Studies concerning changes in farmland use in mountainous areas are of considerable significance in China. He...Farmland resources in mountainous areas are important for regional food security and ecological secu- rity. Studies concerning changes in farmland use in mountainous areas are of considerable significance in China. Here, we analyzed marginalization characteristics of farmland in Renhuai city from 2005 to 2011 and driving factors using land information systems, surveys of farmer households and statistical data. Our results indicate that from 2005 to 2011, 3095.76 hm2 of farmland was converted to forest land and natural reserve, accounting for 5.45% of the total farmland area. This suggests significant marginalization of farmland. Marginalization of farmland in mountainous areas was affected by topography, labor forces and effectiveness of land management. Farmland with a greater slope gradient was more likely to be abandoned; among marginalized land in Renhuai, a slope greater than 15~ accounted for 62.26%. A high non-agricultural employment rate of rural labor force and annual income per capita of farmer households in mountainous areas were consistent with high speed farmland marginalization. Low land management benefits were the key reason for farmland marginalization. Although farmland marginalization was advantageous for eco-environment protection and sustainable development in mountainous areas, it resulted in inefficient land resource utilization. A win-win model for the exploitation and utilization of sloping farmland should be explored for production development and environmental protection.展开更多
Part-time farming has been increasing steadily in China. It is currently the largest segment among all the farm sectors in the country. Based on rural household survey data in Taipusi County as a case site ofecologica...Part-time farming has been increasing steadily in China. It is currently the largest segment among all the farm sectors in the country. Based on rural household survey data in Taipusi County as a case site ofecologically-vulnerable areas in North China, we firstly classify farm households into four types according to the proportion of non-farm income in total income, and then compare their agricultural land use patterns to empirically examine the impacts of part-time farming on agricultural land use in this area. The results suggest that non-farming households rent out all their land and give up farming, and this satisfies the expectation of other households to expand land area. The crop planting structure was not significantly different among the households, which reflected the farmers＇ will to pursuit labor productivity. Part-time farming households invest more capital and materials than full-time faming households because the income derived from non-farm employment relaxes the financial constraint of households. However, the amount of labor input of part-time farming households tends to be less, and farming practices are dominated by the elderly, female and laborers withrelative low educations.Yields of crops and the benefit of agricultural land use incline to reduce, which suggest that the potential of land use productivity is more elastic to labor inputs than capital inputs in the study area.展开更多
Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland ab...Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland abandonment and developing scientific models to simulate farmland abandonment. The study reviewed the natural and political factors driving farmland abandonment and summarized the main models for farmland abandonment simulation together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the main ecological effects of farmland abandonment and propose farmland abandonment research directions. The study found that:(1) the influence of labor cost change and ageing labor force on farmland abandonment needs further investigation,(2) simulation models for farmland abandonment must include the decision-making mechanism of individual farmers and focus on macro large-scale abandonment prediction models, and(3) the influence of farmland abandonment on landscape culture must be investigated in detail.展开更多
As a global issue,farmland abandonment is considered to be one of the most crucial fields in the study of land use change.The clarification of its driving factors plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of rura...As a global issue,farmland abandonment is considered to be one of the most crucial fields in the study of land use change.The clarification of its driving factors plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of rural cultivated land use and ensuring national food security.This paper aims to study the factors influencing farmland abandonment in 49 villages of Ganzhou City by adopting the Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA).The results show that:(1)Farmland abandonment is the outcome of synergism among many factors,among which the low–level of agricultural mechanization is definitely a necessary condition in Ganzhou,and it contributes a material effect to the abandonment.(2)The path leading to farmland abandonment is not unique to the study area,and can be attributed to five different combinations.These combinations can be enumerated as:A1(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,and no industrial policy support),A2(a combination of complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A3(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A4(a combination of convenient transportation,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support),and A5(a combination of inconvenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,high-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support).(3)In the above-mentioned combinations,the core conditions and peripheral conditions conjointly impact on farmland abandonment.Finally,corresponding policy implications are proposed in order to further reveal the mechanism of farmland abandonment.These recommendations provide new ideas and methods for policy makers to use in making decisions and will promote the effective use of farmland.展开更多
Cropland abandonment is spreading from developed countries to developing countries such as China.Cropland abandonment in China commonly occurs in mountainous areas due to their specific natural and geographical condit...Cropland abandonment is spreading from developed countries to developing countries such as China.Cropland abandonment in China commonly occurs in mountainous areas due to their specific natural and geographical conditions.However,due to the lack of dependable monitoring methods via medium-high-resolution remote sensing images,the scale of abandoned cropland in many mountainous areas of China is unclear,and the mechanisms driving cropland abandonment have not been clearly identified.To overcome these limitations,we took Zhong County of Chongqing in China as an example,and used Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS remote sensing image data to develop a method for mapping abandoned cropland in mountainous areas based on annual land use change monitoring.At the same time,the ridge regression method was adopted to analyze the factors influencing cropland abandonment.These analyses showed that the cropland abandonment rate in Zhong County of Chongqing was as high as 7.86%,while the overall accuracy of identifying abandoned cropland was as high as 90.82%.Among the social and economic factors that affect cropland abandonment,the rural population,economic development,and livestock husbandry development were the most important ones.At the land parcel scale,large-scale cropland abandonment occurred in areas at elevations above 650 m or with slopes of more than 15°.展开更多
Cultivated land pressure is often used to reflect the shortage of cultivated land resources. By using the methods of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index, coefficient of variation and cold-hot spot analysis, this paper ...Cultivated land pressure is often used to reflect the shortage of cultivated land resources. By using the methods of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index, coefficient of variation and cold-hot spot analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal differentiation pattern and dynamic change processes of cultivated land pressure in the counties of the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone from 2008 to 2017, and measures the factors which influence cultivated land pressure by using Principal Component Analysis. The results show that the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone has been in a “high pressure” state, and the Cultivated Land Pressure Index has been rising continuously from 2008 to 2017. The coefficient of variation of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and various prefecture-level cities is fluctuating and rising, which indicates that the overall spatial differences in the cultivated land pressure in this region are expanding and polarization is obvious. In addition, the area where the municipal district of the provincial capital city is located is the core area of urban development and also the area with the greatest cultivated land pressure. The spatial pattern of cultivated land pressure cold-hot spots in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone is obviously heterogeneous, in which the Pearl River Economic Zone is the main hot spot gathering area and the Xijiang Economic Zone is the main cold spot gathering area. Farmers’ income, investment in fixed assets, GDP, population and other socio-economic factors are the main factors driving the changes in the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone. Furthermore, farming production factors, such as the multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area,will also have an important impact on the changes in the cultivated land pressure.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40971104,40801063,41101160)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.10ZD&M030)Non-profit Industry Financial Program of Ministry of Land and Resources of China(No.200811033)
文摘Using data from the farm household survey conducted in 2009,arable land use intensity(ALUI)and its influence factors at farm household level were investigated by the Tobit model.Suyu District of Suqian City and Taixing City of Jiansu Province,China were chosen as the regions for comparison.The results show that:1)On the average, the ALUI,labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input are 15 238.14 yuan(RMB)/ha,192 d/ha, 7233.01 yuan/ha,and 2451.32 yuan/ha in the less economically developed Suyu District,and 13 020.65 yuan/ha,181 d/ha,5871.82 yuan/ha,and 2625.97 yuan/ha in more economically developed Taixing City.The figures indicate that Suyu District has higher ALUI and labor intensity input but lower labor-saving input.2)Comparing all the influence factors,the total arable land area in available and average plot size have bigger effects on arable land intensive use;to a small degree,family′s non-farm income affects labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input;the yield-increasing input decreases significantly when the householder has higher education attainment;the commercialization rates of agricultural products and the planting proportion of cash crops both have unstable influence on ALUI; the share of arable land rented in has few impacts on labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input. 3)There are no differences found in the internal impact mechanism of influence factors on the arable land intensive use behaviors of farm households.However,there are conspicuous disparities in the impact degrees and statistical significance based on varying economic levels.4)Using the results as bases,this study proposes that the government should implement land management and agricultural policies according to local condition.And these policies should decrease land fragmentation to promote scale management of land and arable land use intensification.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the Ministry of Land and Resourcesin2009"Achievements of Land Use Updating Investigation and Application System Construction in China"~~
文摘[Objective] The paper aimed at exploring the variation of cultivated land and influencing factors during 1996 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province more directly,comprehensively and accurately.[Method] The variation of the amount of cultivated land in Zhejiang Province and direct influencing factors had been analyzed using the land survey results of last 10 years.[Result] The cultivated land area of the whole province was reduced by 208 thousand hm2 with a decrease amplitude of 9.8%;terrain slope had played a direct role among the natural influencing factors of cultivated land variation,the cultivated land areas of flats and abrupt slopes were reduced more rapidly,while the terrace areas of gentle slopes had increased;among the social driving forces,the agricultural structure adjustment,construction land expansion and implementation of ecological restoration policy had directly led to the decline of cultivated land areas,while the strict cultivated land protection policy had slowed down the loss of cultivated land.[Conclusion] In conclusion,the declining trend of cultivated land areas is inevitable,so that more scientific general planning of land utilization and more strict land policy has to be utilized more fully in order to guarantee the social and economic development and protect the cultivated land.
基金National key basic research and development program(2015CB452706)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41361021)Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou(Q J LKS[2013]17)
文摘Farmland resources in mountainous areas are important for regional food security and ecological secu- rity. Studies concerning changes in farmland use in mountainous areas are of considerable significance in China. Here, we analyzed marginalization characteristics of farmland in Renhuai city from 2005 to 2011 and driving factors using land information systems, surveys of farmer households and statistical data. Our results indicate that from 2005 to 2011, 3095.76 hm2 of farmland was converted to forest land and natural reserve, accounting for 5.45% of the total farmland area. This suggests significant marginalization of farmland. Marginalization of farmland in mountainous areas was affected by topography, labor forces and effectiveness of land management. Farmland with a greater slope gradient was more likely to be abandoned; among marginalized land in Renhuai, a slope greater than 15~ accounted for 62.26%. A high non-agricultural employment rate of rural labor force and annual income per capita of farmer households in mountainous areas were consistent with high speed farmland marginalization. Low land management benefits were the key reason for farmland marginalization. Although farmland marginalization was advantageous for eco-environment protection and sustainable development in mountainous areas, it resulted in inefficient land resource utilization. A win-win model for the exploitation and utilization of sloping farmland should be explored for production development and environmental protection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40971062)
文摘Part-time farming has been increasing steadily in China. It is currently the largest segment among all the farm sectors in the country. Based on rural household survey data in Taipusi County as a case site ofecologically-vulnerable areas in North China, we firstly classify farm households into four types according to the proportion of non-farm income in total income, and then compare their agricultural land use patterns to empirically examine the impacts of part-time farming on agricultural land use in this area. The results suggest that non-farming households rent out all their land and give up farming, and this satisfies the expectation of other households to expand land area. The crop planting structure was not significantly different among the households, which reflected the farmers＇ will to pursuit labor productivity. Part-time farming households invest more capital and materials than full-time faming households because the income derived from non-farm employment relaxes the financial constraint of households. However, the amount of labor input of part-time farming households tends to be less, and farming practices are dominated by the elderly, female and laborers withrelative low educations.Yields of crops and the benefit of agricultural land use incline to reduce, which suggest that the potential of land use productivity is more elastic to labor inputs than capital inputs in the study area.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501192)The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040201)Key Laboratory of Earth Observation and Geospatial Information Science of NASG(201807)
文摘Farmland abandonment is a global problem and considered one of the most important areas in land use change research. Farmland abandonment research currently focuses on understanding the factors that affect farmland abandonment and developing scientific models to simulate farmland abandonment. The study reviewed the natural and political factors driving farmland abandonment and summarized the main models for farmland abandonment simulation together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the main ecological effects of farmland abandonment and propose farmland abandonment research directions. The study found that:(1) the influence of labor cost change and ageing labor force on farmland abandonment needs further investigation,(2) simulation models for farmland abandonment must include the decision-making mechanism of individual farmers and focus on macro large-scale abandonment prediction models, and(3) the influence of farmland abandonment on landscape culture must be investigated in detail.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971243,41930757)The Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20202ACB203004)+3 种基金The Humanities and Social Science Research Project in Jiangxi Province(GL19111)The Academic and Technical Leaders Funding Program for Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(20172BCB22011)The Fok Ying-Tung Fund(141084)The National Social Science Fund of China(20BJY144)。
文摘As a global issue,farmland abandonment is considered to be one of the most crucial fields in the study of land use change.The clarification of its driving factors plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of rural cultivated land use and ensuring national food security.This paper aims to study the factors influencing farmland abandonment in 49 villages of Ganzhou City by adopting the Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA).The results show that:(1)Farmland abandonment is the outcome of synergism among many factors,among which the low–level of agricultural mechanization is definitely a necessary condition in Ganzhou,and it contributes a material effect to the abandonment.(2)The path leading to farmland abandonment is not unique to the study area,and can be attributed to five different combinations.These combinations can be enumerated as:A1(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,and no industrial policy support),A2(a combination of complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A3(a combination of convenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,sufficient agricultural labor,and no industrial policy support),A4(a combination of convenient transportation,low-level agricultural mechanization,low-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support),and A5(a combination of inconvenient transportation,complete agricultural facilities,low-level agricultural mechanization,high-level land circulation,sufficient agricultural labor,and industrial policy support).(3)In the above-mentioned combinations,the core conditions and peripheral conditions conjointly impact on farmland abandonment.Finally,corresponding policy implications are proposed in order to further reveal the mechanism of farmland abandonment.These recommendations provide new ideas and methods for policy makers to use in making decisions and will promote the effective use of farmland.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071233)The Project of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0603)The Project of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040201).
文摘Cropland abandonment is spreading from developed countries to developing countries such as China.Cropland abandonment in China commonly occurs in mountainous areas due to their specific natural and geographical conditions.However,due to the lack of dependable monitoring methods via medium-high-resolution remote sensing images,the scale of abandoned cropland in many mountainous areas of China is unclear,and the mechanisms driving cropland abandonment have not been clearly identified.To overcome these limitations,we took Zhong County of Chongqing in China as an example,and used Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS remote sensing image data to develop a method for mapping abandoned cropland in mountainous areas based on annual land use change monitoring.At the same time,the ridge regression method was adopted to analyze the factors influencing cropland abandonment.These analyses showed that the cropland abandonment rate in Zhong County of Chongqing was as high as 7.86%,while the overall accuracy of identifying abandoned cropland was as high as 90.82%.Among the social and economic factors that affect cropland abandonment,the rural population,economic development,and livestock husbandry development were the most important ones.At the land parcel scale,large-scale cropland abandonment occurred in areas at elevations above 650 m or with slopes of more than 15°.
基金The Guangdong Education Science Planning Project(2019GXJK080)The Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD19YYJ03)The Guangdong Coastal Economic Belt Development Research Institute 2020 Special Project(YJY202002).
文摘Cultivated land pressure is often used to reflect the shortage of cultivated land resources. By using the methods of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index, coefficient of variation and cold-hot spot analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal differentiation pattern and dynamic change processes of cultivated land pressure in the counties of the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone from 2008 to 2017, and measures the factors which influence cultivated land pressure by using Principal Component Analysis. The results show that the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone has been in a “high pressure” state, and the Cultivated Land Pressure Index has been rising continuously from 2008 to 2017. The coefficient of variation of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and various prefecture-level cities is fluctuating and rising, which indicates that the overall spatial differences in the cultivated land pressure in this region are expanding and polarization is obvious. In addition, the area where the municipal district of the provincial capital city is located is the core area of urban development and also the area with the greatest cultivated land pressure. The spatial pattern of cultivated land pressure cold-hot spots in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone is obviously heterogeneous, in which the Pearl River Economic Zone is the main hot spot gathering area and the Xijiang Economic Zone is the main cold spot gathering area. Farmers’ income, investment in fixed assets, GDP, population and other socio-economic factors are the main factors driving the changes in the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone. Furthermore, farming production factors, such as the multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area,will also have an important impact on the changes in the cultivated land pressure.
