耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎是一种真菌感染,最常影响免疫功能低下的人群,严重时可危及生命。通常,高危患者是那些具有改变宿主免疫的基础疾病状态的患者,例如癌症、人类免疫缺陷病毒、移植受者或正在接受免疫抑制疗法和药物治疗的患者。本文报告...耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎是一种真菌感染,最常影响免疫功能低下的人群,严重时可危及生命。通常,高危患者是那些具有改变宿主免疫的基础疾病状态的患者,例如癌症、人类免疫缺陷病毒、移植受者或正在接受免疫抑制疗法和药物治疗的患者。本文报告了一例罕见的耶氏肺孢子菌感染病例,该病例发生在免疫功能低下的患者中,且在进行正规抗感染治疗一年后二次感染耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎且合并新型冠状病毒的感染,两次诊治过程中均给予抗感染、止咳化痰等治疗,患者发热、呼吸困难等症状最终好转并出院。本文通过复习有关资料,深入探讨了免疫低下患者耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎的临床特点及肺部影像学表现,着重分析反复感染的原因,以期提高临床认识。Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a fungal infection that most frequently affects individuals with compromised immune function and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Typically, high-risk patients are those with underlying disease conditions that modify host immunity, such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, or patients who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapies and taking medications. This paper presents a rare instance of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, which occurred in an immunosuppressed patient. The case was reinfected with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and was complicated with novel coronavirus infection after one year of regular anti-infective treatment. Anti-infective treatment, along with cough and sputum reduction measures, were provided to the patient during both treatments. By reviewing the relevant data, the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients were discussed, and the causes of repeated infection were analyzed to enhance clinical understanding.展开更多
1概述肺孢子菌是一种专性的细胞外病原体,以滋养体和包囊形式存在。最初被归类为原生动物,直到1988年,通过检测核糖体RNA序列显示其是真菌的一员[1]。肺孢子菌只感染哺乳动物,为种属特异性。不同肺孢子菌生物体具有特异性,感染人类的命...1概述肺孢子菌是一种专性的细胞外病原体,以滋养体和包囊形式存在。最初被归类为原生动物,直到1988年,通过检测核糖体RNA序列显示其是真菌的一员[1]。肺孢子菌只感染哺乳动物,为种属特异性。不同肺孢子菌生物体具有特异性,感染人类的命名为耶氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis jirovecii),存在于大鼠的仍称为卡氏肺孢子菌。耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)是一种危及生命的机会性真菌感染,主要发生在免疫功能低下的宿主中,常见于获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者,但也发生于恶性肿瘤、实体器官或骨髓移植后,以及自身免疫性和炎症性疾病(autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,AIID)患者中。随着对AIDS患者诊治技术的进展[高活性抗反转录病毒疗法(HAART)等的出现],这类患者的耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎发生率较前有所下降;但另一方面,随着血液、器官移植增多,更强效的细胞毒或免疫治疗,以及肿瘤患者获得更长的生存期,在非AIDS患者中PJP病例逐年增多。并普遍认为非人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者的死亡率高于HIV感染者。展开更多
文摘耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎是一种真菌感染,最常影响免疫功能低下的人群,严重时可危及生命。通常,高危患者是那些具有改变宿主免疫的基础疾病状态的患者,例如癌症、人类免疫缺陷病毒、移植受者或正在接受免疫抑制疗法和药物治疗的患者。本文报告了一例罕见的耶氏肺孢子菌感染病例,该病例发生在免疫功能低下的患者中,且在进行正规抗感染治疗一年后二次感染耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎且合并新型冠状病毒的感染,两次诊治过程中均给予抗感染、止咳化痰等治疗,患者发热、呼吸困难等症状最终好转并出院。本文通过复习有关资料,深入探讨了免疫低下患者耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎的临床特点及肺部影像学表现,着重分析反复感染的原因,以期提高临床认识。Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a fungal infection that most frequently affects individuals with compromised immune function and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Typically, high-risk patients are those with underlying disease conditions that modify host immunity, such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, or patients who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapies and taking medications. This paper presents a rare instance of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, which occurred in an immunosuppressed patient. The case was reinfected with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and was complicated with novel coronavirus infection after one year of regular anti-infective treatment. Anti-infective treatment, along with cough and sputum reduction measures, were provided to the patient during both treatments. By reviewing the relevant data, the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients were discussed, and the causes of repeated infection were analyzed to enhance clinical understanding.
文摘1概述肺孢子菌是一种专性的细胞外病原体,以滋养体和包囊形式存在。最初被归类为原生动物,直到1988年,通过检测核糖体RNA序列显示其是真菌的一员[1]。肺孢子菌只感染哺乳动物,为种属特异性。不同肺孢子菌生物体具有特异性,感染人类的命名为耶氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis jirovecii),存在于大鼠的仍称为卡氏肺孢子菌。耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)是一种危及生命的机会性真菌感染,主要发生在免疫功能低下的宿主中,常见于获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者,但也发生于恶性肿瘤、实体器官或骨髓移植后,以及自身免疫性和炎症性疾病(autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,AIID)患者中。随着对AIDS患者诊治技术的进展[高活性抗反转录病毒疗法(HAART)等的出现],这类患者的耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎发生率较前有所下降;但另一方面,随着血液、器官移植增多,更强效的细胞毒或免疫治疗,以及肿瘤患者获得更长的生存期,在非AIDS患者中PJP病例逐年增多。并普遍认为非人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者的死亡率高于HIV感染者。
