Inconel 718 superalloy is widely used in the aerospace and turbine industry. Segregation of niobium appears in the laser cladding Inconel 718 superalloy and consequently influences the phase transformation during the ...Inconel 718 superalloy is widely used in the aerospace and turbine industry. Segregation of niobium appears in the laser cladding Inconel 718 superalloy and consequently influences the phase transformation during the rapid solidification. In order to control the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the deposited coating, the the influence of solidification conditions on the segregation of niobium and the resultant formation of Nb-rich Laves phase was studied using the microstructure observation and EDS analysis. The results show that the cooling rate has considerable influence on the microstructure of the deposited coating. High cooling rate is beneficial for suppressing the segregation of Nb and reducing the formation of Laves phase, which is believed to be detrimental to the performance of the Inconel 718 alloy.展开更多
The accelerated life test was carded out to investigate the change of spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil and the effects on the electrical performance of silicon solar cell. The di-methyl silicon oil samp...The accelerated life test was carded out to investigate the change of spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil and the effects on the electrical performance of silicon solar cell. The di-methyl silicon oil samples be- fore and after accelerated life test were analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS and LC-MS. The ring compounds and linear compounds with larger molecular weight were detected. The spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil de- creased because the chromophore and auxochrome of the products made a sunlight receive decrease on the surface of the solar celt, and resulted in the reduction of cell performance. According to the decrease of spectral transmit- tance of di-methyl silicon oil, two recovery methods were proposed. The results showed that extraction was supe- rior to vacuum distillation in recovering the aged di-methyl silicon oil.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin for patients with malignant hydrothorax.Methods:Fifty...Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin for patients with malignant hydrothorax.Methods:Fifty-eight patients with malignant hydrothorax were divided into group A and group B randomly.All patients underwent indwelling pleural catheter and were treated by intrapleural injection of Shapeilin once three days.Treatment was composed of 3 times injection.Patients of group B received high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia after injection of Shapeilin.Results:The response rate of group B(79.3%) was higher than that of group A(48.3%)(P < 0.05).Incidence of main adverse reactions,associated with Shapeilin,of two groups including fever and thoracodynia were similar(P > 0.05).Patients of group B didn't encounter severe toxicities of microwave hyperthermia.Conclusion:High power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia combined with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin is effective and tolerable for patients with malignant hydrothorax.展开更多
CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is cl...CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is classified as thermal converter because the output power produced is a function of the operating temperature. The main components of a CSP plant are the solar field which is made up of the heliostat arrays, the receiver tower, the heat transfer fluid, the molten salt thermal energy storage tanks and the power conversion unit, which is made up of the turbine and the generator. The main advantage of CSP is that of a cheap thermal storage （i.e., molten salt storage） which makes it possible to dispatch power at a cost comparable to the grid electricity. Simulations run with the SAM （systems advisory model） developed by NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） showed that CSP is capable of delivering electricity at the cost of 17UScents per kWh for the 30-year life of the plant. The main disadvantage of CSP however, is that of low efficiency （8%-16%）. There are ongoing research works to improve the efficiency of the CSP. One way to improve the efficiency is to increase the operating temperature of the system. In this paper, the authors discussed different modules of the CSP plant and suggested ways to improve on the conversion efficiencies of individual modules. Finally, an overall systems performance simulation is carried using SAM and the simulation results show that electricity can be produced using CSP at the cost of RI.05 per kWh.展开更多
A series of conjugated copolymers of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and symmetrical pyrazine unit (BY) were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and were used as novel light-emitting materials in PLEDs.Efficient energy transfe...A series of conjugated copolymers of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and symmetrical pyrazine unit (BY) were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and were used as novel light-emitting materials in PLEDs.Efficient energy transfer was observed in both thin film and solution.Compared with the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the polyfluorenes homopolymer (PFO),the lower LUMO energy levels of copolymers indicated that the introduction of the BY unit would be benefit to electron injection.The turn-on voltages of their single-layer electroluminescent (EL) devices (ITO/PEDOT/polymer/LiF/Al) were at 6.1-4.0 V,which were much lower than that of PFO (7.0 V).The maximum brightness,current efficiency,and external quantum efficiency of all PFBY copolymers were higher than those of the PFO homopolymer.The single-layer device of PFBY5 was the best one in the copolymers,with a maximum brightness of 485 cd/m2,a current efficiency of 0.29 cd/A,and an external quantum efficiency of 0.10%.The introduction of PVK and TPBI for the multilayer device of PFBY5 increased the device efficiencies,which showed a maximum brightness of 3012 cd/m2,a maximum current efficiency of 1.81 cd/A,and an external quantum efficiency of 0.66%.展开更多
The characteristic modifications are reported on the surface of polymeric waveguide film in the process of vol- ume-grating fabrication. The light from a mode-locked 76 MHz femtosecond laser with pulse duration of 200...The characteristic modifications are reported on the surface of polymeric waveguide film in the process of vol- ume-grating fabrication. The light from a mode-locked 76 MHz femtosecond laser with pulse duration of 200 fs and wavelength of 800 nm is focused normal to the surface of the sample. The surface morphology modifications are as- cribed to a fact that surface swelling occurs during the process. Periodic micro-structure is inscribed with increasing incident power. The laser-induced swelling threshold on the grating, which is higher than that of two-photon initiated photo-polymerization （TPIP） （8 mW）, is verified to be about 20 mW. It is feasible to enhance the surface smoothness of integrated optics devices for further encapsulation. The variation of modulation depth is studied for different values of incident power and scan spacing. Ablation accompanied with surface swelling appears when the power is higher. By ootimizing the laser carvinR oararneters, hizhly efficient grating devices can be fabricated.展开更多
According to the aplanatism theory, lens can be used to focus the electromagnetic wave. A piano-convex hyperboloid of revo- lution lens made of low loss material is designed for combinatorial applications with the rec...According to the aplanatism theory, lens can be used to focus the electromagnetic wave. A piano-convex hyperboloid of revo- lution lens made of low loss material is designed for combinatorial applications with the rectangle microstrip applicator in microwave hyperthermia. Results of the extensive simulations and experiments show that the introduction of the lens to the clinical used antenna can significantly improve the directivity and hence increase the microwave power density in near field. In microwave hyperthermia applications, the lens antenna will exhibit superior directivity, high gain and well thermal efficiency for tumor in superficial layer. Besides, it has small treatment area that is helpful for reducing the injury of the normal tissue around the tumor.展开更多
Three nanostructured photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission(AIE) characteristics based on2,3-bis(4?-(diphenylamino)-[1,1?-biphenyl]-4-yl) fumaronitrile(BDBF) were prepared for image-guided photodynamic the...Three nanostructured photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission(AIE) characteristics based on2,3-bis(4?-(diphenylamino)-[1,1?-biphenyl]-4-yl) fumaronitrile(BDBF) were prepared for image-guided photodynamic therapy(PDT). BDBF was encapsulated with Pluronic F-127(F127) to form usual spherical nanoparticles(F127@BDBF NPs) with a red fluorescence emission and 9.8% fluorescence quantum yield(FQY). Moreover, BDBF self-assembled into nanorods(BDBF NRs) in water. Compared with F127@BDBF NPs, BDBF NRs exhibited stronger orange fluorescence with a higher FQY of 23.3% and similar singlet oxygen(1O2) generation capability. BDBF NRs were further modified with F127 to form BDBF@F127 NRs with the same 1O2 generation ability as BDBF NRs. The three nanostructures exhibited a higher 1O2 production capacity than BDBF molecule in dissolved state and favorable stability in an aqueous solution as well as under physiological condition. In vitro photocytotoxicity experiments indicated that the three nanostructures inhibited tumor cell proliferation effectively.Therefore, to construct eligible nanostructures with a high FQY and 1O2 generation ability, simple self-assembly can serve as a valuable method to prepare photosensitizers with enhanced PDT.展开更多
In this paper,the nanometer-sized(200 nm)quaternary rare-earth complex Eu(BA)(TTA)2phen was successfully prepared by using the method of optimizing chemical precipitation.The characterizations of these nanoparticles w...In this paper,the nanometer-sized(200 nm)quaternary rare-earth complex Eu(BA)(TTA)2phen was successfully prepared by using the method of optimizing chemical precipitation.The characterizations of these nanoparticles were performed by using elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and luminescence quantum-yield.The results indicate that they are better than common ternary complexes at light-emitting performance,luminescence properties,thermal stability,uniformity and particle size;they can also be further mixed with a suitable polymer to form functional rare earth polymers.Compared to the common solid materials,the quaternary complex has better and unique characteristics such as nanoparticle size effect and surface effect.A foundation had been laid for the further expansion of its application in the field of light-emitting and magnetic materials.展开更多
In this paper, we have improved the fast ignition scheme in order to have more authority needed for highenergy-gain. Due to the more penetrability and energy deposition of the particle beams in fusion targets, we empl...In this paper, we have improved the fast ignition scheme in order to have more authority needed for highenergy-gain. Due to the more penetrability and energy deposition of the particle beams in fusion targets, we employ a laser-to-ion converter foil as a scheme for generating energetic ion beams to ignite the fusion fuel. We find the favorable intensity and wavelength of incident laser by evaluating the laser-proton conversion gain. By calculating the source-target distance, proton beam power and energy are estimated. Our analysis is generalized to the plasma degeneracy effects which can increase the fusion gain several orders of magnitude by decreasing the ion-electron collisions in the plasma.It is found that the wavelength of 0.53 μm and the intensity of about 1020W/cm^2, by saving about 10% conversion coefficient, are the suitable measured values for converting a laser into protons. Besides, stopping power and fusion burn calculations have been done in degenerate and non-degenerate plasma mediums. The results indicate that in the presence of degeneracy, the rate of fusion enhances.展开更多
基金Project(51341004)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(S050ITP7005)supported by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Undergraduate Innovative Practice Program,China
文摘Inconel 718 superalloy is widely used in the aerospace and turbine industry. Segregation of niobium appears in the laser cladding Inconel 718 superalloy and consequently influences the phase transformation during the rapid solidification. In order to control the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the deposited coating, the the influence of solidification conditions on the segregation of niobium and the resultant formation of Nb-rich Laves phase was studied using the microstructure observation and EDS analysis. The results show that the cooling rate has considerable influence on the microstructure of the deposited coating. High cooling rate is beneficial for suppressing the segregation of Nb and reducing the formation of Laves phase, which is believed to be detrimental to the performance of the Inconel 718 alloy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51478297)Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline(No.B13011)
文摘The accelerated life test was carded out to investigate the change of spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil and the effects on the electrical performance of silicon solar cell. The di-methyl silicon oil samples be- fore and after accelerated life test were analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS and LC-MS. The ring compounds and linear compounds with larger molecular weight were detected. The spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil de- creased because the chromophore and auxochrome of the products made a sunlight receive decrease on the surface of the solar celt, and resulted in the reduction of cell performance. According to the decrease of spectral transmit- tance of di-methyl silicon oil, two recovery methods were proposed. The results showed that extraction was supe- rior to vacuum distillation in recovering the aged di-methyl silicon oil.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin for patients with malignant hydrothorax.Methods:Fifty-eight patients with malignant hydrothorax were divided into group A and group B randomly.All patients underwent indwelling pleural catheter and were treated by intrapleural injection of Shapeilin once three days.Treatment was composed of 3 times injection.Patients of group B received high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia after injection of Shapeilin.Results:The response rate of group B(79.3%) was higher than that of group A(48.3%)(P < 0.05).Incidence of main adverse reactions,associated with Shapeilin,of two groups including fever and thoracodynia were similar(P > 0.05).Patients of group B didn't encounter severe toxicities of microwave hyperthermia.Conclusion:High power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia combined with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin is effective and tolerable for patients with malignant hydrothorax.
文摘CSP （concentrated solar power） has been viewed as the technology that if properly developed could lead to a large scale conversion of solar energy into electricity. CSP is a type of solar energy converter that is classified as thermal converter because the output power produced is a function of the operating temperature. The main components of a CSP plant are the solar field which is made up of the heliostat arrays, the receiver tower, the heat transfer fluid, the molten salt thermal energy storage tanks and the power conversion unit, which is made up of the turbine and the generator. The main advantage of CSP is that of a cheap thermal storage （i.e., molten salt storage） which makes it possible to dispatch power at a cost comparable to the grid electricity. Simulations run with the SAM （systems advisory model） developed by NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） showed that CSP is capable of delivering electricity at the cost of 17UScents per kWh for the 30-year life of the plant. The main disadvantage of CSP however, is that of low efficiency （8%-16%）. There are ongoing research works to improve the efficiency of the CSP. One way to improve the efficiency is to increase the operating temperature of the system. In this paper, the authors discussed different modules of the CSP plant and suggested ways to improve on the conversion efficiencies of individual modules. Finally, an overall systems performance simulation is carried using SAM and the simulation results show that electricity can be produced using CSP at the cost of RI.05 per kWh.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50803062,60977026 & 20904055)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups (20621401)the Natural Basic Research Foundation of China (973 Program,2009CB623601)
文摘A series of conjugated copolymers of 9,9-dioctylfluorene and symmetrical pyrazine unit (BY) were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and were used as novel light-emitting materials in PLEDs.Efficient energy transfer was observed in both thin film and solution.Compared with the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the polyfluorenes homopolymer (PFO),the lower LUMO energy levels of copolymers indicated that the introduction of the BY unit would be benefit to electron injection.The turn-on voltages of their single-layer electroluminescent (EL) devices (ITO/PEDOT/polymer/LiF/Al) were at 6.1-4.0 V,which were much lower than that of PFO (7.0 V).The maximum brightness,current efficiency,and external quantum efficiency of all PFBY copolymers were higher than those of the PFO homopolymer.The single-layer device of PFBY5 was the best one in the copolymers,with a maximum brightness of 485 cd/m2,a current efficiency of 0.29 cd/A,and an external quantum efficiency of 0.10%.The introduction of PVK and TPBI for the multilayer device of PFBY5 increased the device efficiencies,which showed a maximum brightness of 3012 cd/m2,a maximum current efficiency of 1.81 cd/A,and an external quantum efficiency of 0.66%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China/the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme a grant for NSFC/RGC(No.50218001)the National Science Foundation of China(No.50173015)
文摘The characteristic modifications are reported on the surface of polymeric waveguide film in the process of vol- ume-grating fabrication. The light from a mode-locked 76 MHz femtosecond laser with pulse duration of 200 fs and wavelength of 800 nm is focused normal to the surface of the sample. The surface morphology modifications are as- cribed to a fact that surface swelling occurs during the process. Periodic micro-structure is inscribed with increasing incident power. The laser-induced swelling threshold on the grating, which is higher than that of two-photon initiated photo-polymerization （TPIP） （8 mW）, is verified to be about 20 mW. It is feasible to enhance the surface smoothness of integrated optics devices for further encapsulation. The variation of modulation depth is studied for different values of incident power and scan spacing. Ablation accompanied with surface swelling appears when the power is higher. By ootimizing the laser carvinR oararneters, hizhly efficient grating devices can be fabricated.
文摘According to the aplanatism theory, lens can be used to focus the electromagnetic wave. A piano-convex hyperboloid of revo- lution lens made of low loss material is designed for combinatorial applications with the rectangle microstrip applicator in microwave hyperthermia. Results of the extensive simulations and experiments show that the introduction of the lens to the clinical used antenna can significantly improve the directivity and hence increase the microwave power density in near field. In microwave hyperthermia applications, the lens antenna will exhibit superior directivity, high gain and well thermal efficiency for tumor in superficial layer. Besides, it has small treatment area that is helpful for reducing the injury of the normal tissue around the tumor.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21835001, 51773080, 21674041, 51573068, 21221063, and 81870117)the Program for Changbaishan Scholars of Jilin Province, Jilin Province project (20160101305JC)+1 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (20190201252JC)“Talents Cultivation Program” of Jilin University
文摘Three nanostructured photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission(AIE) characteristics based on2,3-bis(4?-(diphenylamino)-[1,1?-biphenyl]-4-yl) fumaronitrile(BDBF) were prepared for image-guided photodynamic therapy(PDT). BDBF was encapsulated with Pluronic F-127(F127) to form usual spherical nanoparticles(F127@BDBF NPs) with a red fluorescence emission and 9.8% fluorescence quantum yield(FQY). Moreover, BDBF self-assembled into nanorods(BDBF NRs) in water. Compared with F127@BDBF NPs, BDBF NRs exhibited stronger orange fluorescence with a higher FQY of 23.3% and similar singlet oxygen(1O2) generation capability. BDBF NRs were further modified with F127 to form BDBF@F127 NRs with the same 1O2 generation ability as BDBF NRs. The three nanostructures exhibited a higher 1O2 production capacity than BDBF molecule in dissolved state and favorable stability in an aqueous solution as well as under physiological condition. In vitro photocytotoxicity experiments indicated that the three nanostructures inhibited tumor cell proliferation effectively.Therefore, to construct eligible nanostructures with a high FQY and 1O2 generation ability, simple self-assembly can serve as a valuable method to prepare photosensitizers with enhanced PDT.
基金supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(sklssm201332)the "Chunlei" Project in Shandong University of Science and Technology(06540040701)
文摘In this paper,the nanometer-sized(200 nm)quaternary rare-earth complex Eu(BA)(TTA)2phen was successfully prepared by using the method of optimizing chemical precipitation.The characterizations of these nanoparticles were performed by using elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and luminescence quantum-yield.The results indicate that they are better than common ternary complexes at light-emitting performance,luminescence properties,thermal stability,uniformity and particle size;they can also be further mixed with a suitable polymer to form functional rare earth polymers.Compared to the common solid materials,the quaternary complex has better and unique characteristics such as nanoparticle size effect and surface effect.A foundation had been laid for the further expansion of its application in the field of light-emitting and magnetic materials.
基金Supported by the Research Council of University of Guilan
文摘In this paper, we have improved the fast ignition scheme in order to have more authority needed for highenergy-gain. Due to the more penetrability and energy deposition of the particle beams in fusion targets, we employ a laser-to-ion converter foil as a scheme for generating energetic ion beams to ignite the fusion fuel. We find the favorable intensity and wavelength of incident laser by evaluating the laser-proton conversion gain. By calculating the source-target distance, proton beam power and energy are estimated. Our analysis is generalized to the plasma degeneracy effects which can increase the fusion gain several orders of magnitude by decreasing the ion-electron collisions in the plasma.It is found that the wavelength of 0.53 μm and the intensity of about 1020W/cm^2, by saving about 10% conversion coefficient, are the suitable measured values for converting a laser into protons. Besides, stopping power and fusion burn calculations have been done in degenerate and non-degenerate plasma mediums. The results indicate that in the presence of degeneracy, the rate of fusion enhances.
