对P型基底均匀掺杂的情况下电子轰击有源像素传感器(EBAPS)的电荷收集效率进行了理论模拟研究,依据低能电子与固体的相互作用模型结合Monte-Carlo计算方法模拟了光电子入射到死层和倍增层中的运动轨迹,并分析了经过死层后的能量损失率...对P型基底均匀掺杂的情况下电子轰击有源像素传感器(EBAPS)的电荷收集效率进行了理论模拟研究,依据低能电子与固体的相互作用模型结合Monte-Carlo计算方法模拟了光电子入射到死层和倍增层中的运动轨迹,并分析了经过死层后的能量损失率所受影响因素;依据半导体理论研究了P型基底掺杂浓度、膜厚、入射电子能量对电荷收集效率的影响因素。最终获得的电荷收集效率理论模拟结果与已报道的(4 ke V,均匀掺杂的EPAPS)实测的结果较为相符,表明此文的模拟结果可以为高增益的EBAPS的制作提供理论指导。展开更多
The observed loss rate of both particles and energy from hot confined toroidal plasmas is much higher than the one predicted by neoclassical transport theory, which depends upon mean plasma parameters and Coulomb coll...The observed loss rate of both particles and energy from hot confined toroidal plasmas is much higher than the one predicted by neoclassical transport theory, which depends upon mean plasma parameters and Coulomb collisions. Many types of plasma turbulence have been proposed to explain anomalous plasma transport. The fluctuation of plasma parameters around their mean values can cause transport through electrostatic or magnetic fluctuations .The fluctuation driven radial particle flux is given展开更多
To improve the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion （IC） engine, exergy analysis was conducted on a passenger car gasoline engine. According to the thermodynamic theory of IC engine, in-cylinder exer...To improve the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion （IC） engine, exergy analysis was conducted on a passenger car gasoline engine. According to the thermodynamic theory of IC engine, in-cylinder exergy balance model was built. The working processes of gasoline engine were simulated by using the GT-power. In this way, the required parameters were calculated and then gasoline engine exergy balance was obtained by programming on computer. On this basis, the influences of various parameters on exergy balance were analyzed. Results show that, the proportions of various forms of exergy in gasoline engine from high to low are irreversible loss, effective work, exhaust gas exergy and heat transfer exergy. Effective exergy proportion fluctuates with cylinder volumetric efficiency at full load, while it always increases with break mean effective pressure （BMEP） at part load. Exhaust gas exergy proportion is more sensitive to speed, and it increases with speed increasing except at the highest speed. The lower proportion of heat transfer exergy appears at high speed and high load. Irreversible loss is mainly influenced by load. At part load, higher BMEP results in lower proportion of irreversible loss; at full load, the proportion of irreversible loss changes little except at the highest speed.展开更多
In this paper, the influence of low power factor on electricity system and the influence of paper breaking on heat system are presented. For that, a mathematical model and a case study for a paper mill are realised. T...In this paper, the influence of low power factor on electricity system and the influence of paper breaking on heat system are presented. For that, a mathematical model and a case study for a paper mill are realised. The electric mathematical model is based on the relations of energy losses in cables and in transformers as a function of power factor. The thermal mathematical model includes characteristic energy and efficiency of boiler depending on its load. Characteristic of efficiency is modeled by a quadratic dependence between fuel consumption and steam flow. In the case, study were estimated to reduce energy losses for factor neutral （0.92） against real power factor （0.75） for the electrical scheme of a paper machine. Analytical expression of the boiler characteristic and variation of boiler efficiency depending on its load were estimated, too.展开更多
An improved numerical heat transfer model considering pyrolysis effect is proposed to predict thermal performance of heat-resistant fabric subjected to radiant heat flux. The model incorporates the heat-induced change...An improved numerical heat transfer model considering pyrolysis effect is proposed to predict thermal performance of heat-resistant fabric subjected to radiant heat flux. The model incorporates the heat-induced changes in fabric thermophysical properties. The new model has been validated with data from modified Radiant Protective Performance (RPP) tests of flame-resistant cotton fabrics. Comparison with experimental data shows that the predictions of mass loss rates and temperature profiles within the charring material and skin simulant are in reasonably good agreement with the experiments. Results from the numerical model contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer process within flame-resistant fabrics under high heat flux conditions, and also to establish a systematic method for analyzing heat transfer in other fibrous materials applications.展开更多
文摘对P型基底均匀掺杂的情况下电子轰击有源像素传感器(EBAPS)的电荷收集效率进行了理论模拟研究,依据低能电子与固体的相互作用模型结合Monte-Carlo计算方法模拟了光电子入射到死层和倍增层中的运动轨迹,并分析了经过死层后的能量损失率所受影响因素;依据半导体理论研究了P型基底掺杂浓度、膜厚、入射电子能量对电荷收集效率的影响因素。最终获得的电荷收集效率理论模拟结果与已报道的(4 ke V,均匀掺杂的EPAPS)实测的结果较为相符,表明此文的模拟结果可以为高增益的EBAPS的制作提供理论指导。
文摘The observed loss rate of both particles and energy from hot confined toroidal plasmas is much higher than the one predicted by neoclassical transport theory, which depends upon mean plasma parameters and Coulomb collisions. Many types of plasma turbulence have been proposed to explain anomalous plasma transport. The fluctuation of plasma parameters around their mean values can cause transport through electrostatic or magnetic fluctuations .The fluctuation driven radial particle flux is given
基金Foundation item： Project（2011CB707201） supported by the National Basic Research Program of China Project（10JJ5058） supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘To improve the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion （IC） engine, exergy analysis was conducted on a passenger car gasoline engine. According to the thermodynamic theory of IC engine, in-cylinder exergy balance model was built. The working processes of gasoline engine were simulated by using the GT-power. In this way, the required parameters were calculated and then gasoline engine exergy balance was obtained by programming on computer. On this basis, the influences of various parameters on exergy balance were analyzed. Results show that, the proportions of various forms of exergy in gasoline engine from high to low are irreversible loss, effective work, exhaust gas exergy and heat transfer exergy. Effective exergy proportion fluctuates with cylinder volumetric efficiency at full load, while it always increases with break mean effective pressure （BMEP） at part load. Exhaust gas exergy proportion is more sensitive to speed, and it increases with speed increasing except at the highest speed. The lower proportion of heat transfer exergy appears at high speed and high load. Irreversible loss is mainly influenced by load. At part load, higher BMEP results in lower proportion of irreversible loss; at full load, the proportion of irreversible loss changes little except at the highest speed.
文摘In this paper, the influence of low power factor on electricity system and the influence of paper breaking on heat system are presented. For that, a mathematical model and a case study for a paper mill are realised. The electric mathematical model is based on the relations of energy losses in cables and in transformers as a function of power factor. The thermal mathematical model includes characteristic energy and efficiency of boiler depending on its load. Characteristic of efficiency is modeled by a quadratic dependence between fuel consumption and steam flow. In the case, study were estimated to reduce energy losses for factor neutral （0.92） against real power factor （0.75） for the electrical scheme of a paper machine. Analytical expression of the boiler characteristic and variation of boiler efficiency depending on its load were estimated, too.
文摘An improved numerical heat transfer model considering pyrolysis effect is proposed to predict thermal performance of heat-resistant fabric subjected to radiant heat flux. The model incorporates the heat-induced changes in fabric thermophysical properties. The new model has been validated with data from modified Radiant Protective Performance (RPP) tests of flame-resistant cotton fabrics. Comparison with experimental data shows that the predictions of mass loss rates and temperature profiles within the charring material and skin simulant are in reasonably good agreement with the experiments. Results from the numerical model contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer process within flame-resistant fabrics under high heat flux conditions, and also to establish a systematic method for analyzing heat transfer in other fibrous materials applications.
