[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first...[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first polar body extrusion rate, oocyte glutathione （GSH） content, positive rate of brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining and development potential of activated oocytes or fertilized oocytes were employed as main indicators to investigate the effects of follicular mural granulosa cell （MGC） coculture on cytoplasmic maturation of cumulus cell-removal oocytes （Denuded Oocyte, DO）. [Result] According to in vitro maturation results, compared with DO group, the first polar body extrusion rate of porcine oocytes in DO＋MGC group was not significantly different, but the nuclear maturation process was improved and was more similar to that in COC （cumulus-oocyte complex） group. Detection of GSH content in mature oocytes showed that there was no significant difference between DO＋ MGC group （optical density of 1 053.67） and COC group （optical density of 1 426.00） or between DO＋MGC group and COC＋GC group （optical density of 1 541.00）, however, GSH content in mature oocytes of DO group （optical density of 724.67） was significantly lower than that of COC group and COC＋GC group （P0.05）. Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PDH） activity showed that there was no significant difference in BCB positive oocyte rate between DO ＋MGC group （88.26% ） and COC group （92.75%） or between DO＋MGC group and DO group （82.86% ）, however, BCB positive oocyte rate of DO group was significantly lower than that of COC group （P0.05）. Furthermore, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of activated mature oocytes derived from DO ＋MGC group （94.98% and 43.67% , respectively） were significantly higher than those from DO group （52.54% and 8.97%, respectively） （P0.05）, and were not significantly different compared with those from COC group （97.11% and 38.30%, respectively）. In addition, the cleavage rate of fertilized oocytes derived from DO＋MGC group （72.65%） showed no significant difference compared with that from DO group （63.59%）, but the blastocyst rate of DO＋MGC group was significantly higher than that of DO group （9.88%） （P0.05）. [Conclusion] MGC coculture can significantly improve the in vitro cytoplasmic maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes, thereby enhancing the subsequent developmental potential.展开更多
This present paper introduces 7 new species,among which 5 are referred to genus Microporella Jullien ,1888,i.e.,Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.,Microporella cribellata sp.nov.,Microporella inermis sp. nov., Microporella...This present paper introduces 7 new species,among which 5 are referred to genus Microporella Jullien ,1888,i.e.,Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.,Microporella cribellata sp.nov.,Microporella inermis sp. nov., Microporella antiborealis sp. nov.,and Microporella monilifera sp.nov.;2 are referred to genus Fenestrulina Jullien,1888,i.e.,Fenestrulina sinica sp.nov. and Fenestrulina orientalis sp. nov.. Diagnoses of new family,new genus and new species Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.(Pl.Ⅰ,Figs.1～2) Colony encrusting,yellowish or grey-white,forming an irregularly shaped encrustation.Zooids oval,subhexangular or rectangular,arranged quincuncially,separated by fine sutures.Primary orifice D-shaped,slightly straight proximally,nearly rounded at either proximal corner;with a conspicuous,small condyle at either proximal corner;peristome slightly raised.4～5 oral spines present in ordinary zooid;1 oral spine not concealed at either proximal side of the ovicells or all the oral spines entirely concealed in fertilized zooids.Frontal wall gently convex,coarsely granulated,perforated by small,various-sized,subcircular pores whose inner borders are smooth or has 1～2 denticles.Operculum yellowish,equal to the orifice in shape and size,with a robust,brown sclerite along the arched margin,marked with many granules on the frontal surface. Ascopore circular,cribrate,situated median-proximally to the orifice,separated from proximal edge of orifice by a very short span,with raised outer peripheral margin forming a lowered umbo.Avicularium single,located at one side of the frontal wall,with an entire crossbar;Avicularian chamber expanded and marked with granules;Rostrum triangular,directed laterally,rostral groove slightly curved towards the basal side.Mandible with a setiform distal extension and without a hook at either side.Hyperstomial ovicell globose,longer than wide,embedded basally,marked with a row of marginal pores and a row of radial ribs disto-laterally;frontal surface convex,nodular,with a few small pores scattered over its surface.With basal porechambers,2 distally and 3 disto-laterally.Ancestrulae absent. This new species resembles Microporella elegans Suwa & Mawatari,1998 in the shape of zooid,the presence of the cribrate ascopore,the direction and chamber character of the single avicularium and the appearance of the mandible.But differs from that species in that the frontal pores of the new species not having a cribrate bottom,and that the setiform mandible not having a hook at each side of the base. Microporella cribellata sp. nov. (Pl,Ⅰ,Figs.5;Pl.Ⅲ,Figs.4～5) Colony encrusting,unilaminar,forming a subcircular patch or irregularly-shaped encrustation.Zooids rectangular or subhexangular,arranged quincuncially,separated by distinct sutures.Orifice Dshaped,wider than long,with a nearly straight or slightly concave proximal border and a small,triangular condyle at either proximal corner.Operculum corresponding to the orifice in shape and size,with a small constriction at either proximal corner and with a brown chitinous semicircular sclerite along its arched margin.Oral spines 4～5.Frontal wall convex,finely granulated,perforated by evenly distributed pores whose bottoms have circular cribrate plates.Ascopore circular,cribrate,situated proximally to the orifice,raised and thickened proximally much more than distally to form a suboral umbo.Adventitious avicularium usually single,sometimes double,and located beside the ascopore.Rostrum rounded triangular or semielliptical,directed obliquely to the distal end and without a rostral groove.Mandible rounded triangular or semielliptical.Ovicell hyperstomial,embedded basally,globose,longer than wide,marked with radial ribs and 2～3 rows of small pores along the distal and lateral margin,frontal surface with many minute granules and several dispersed pores. 4～5 oral spines in ordinary zooids,and with one oral spine not concealed at either proximal side of the fertilized zooid.Ancestrula tatiform,elongate oval,with an oval frontal membrane surrounded by an undulate mural rim,with 9展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871431)Outstanding Youth Fund of Heilongjiang Province (JC200905)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first polar body extrusion rate, oocyte glutathione （GSH） content, positive rate of brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining and development potential of activated oocytes or fertilized oocytes were employed as main indicators to investigate the effects of follicular mural granulosa cell （MGC） coculture on cytoplasmic maturation of cumulus cell-removal oocytes （Denuded Oocyte, DO）. [Result] According to in vitro maturation results, compared with DO group, the first polar body extrusion rate of porcine oocytes in DO＋MGC group was not significantly different, but the nuclear maturation process was improved and was more similar to that in COC （cumulus-oocyte complex） group. Detection of GSH content in mature oocytes showed that there was no significant difference between DO＋ MGC group （optical density of 1 053.67） and COC group （optical density of 1 426.00） or between DO＋MGC group and COC＋GC group （optical density of 1 541.00）, however, GSH content in mature oocytes of DO group （optical density of 724.67） was significantly lower than that of COC group and COC＋GC group （P0.05）. Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PDH） activity showed that there was no significant difference in BCB positive oocyte rate between DO ＋MGC group （88.26% ） and COC group （92.75%） or between DO＋MGC group and DO group （82.86% ）, however, BCB positive oocyte rate of DO group was significantly lower than that of COC group （P0.05）. Furthermore, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of activated mature oocytes derived from DO ＋MGC group （94.98% and 43.67% , respectively） were significantly higher than those from DO group （52.54% and 8.97%, respectively） （P0.05）, and were not significantly different compared with those from COC group （97.11% and 38.30%, respectively）. In addition, the cleavage rate of fertilized oocytes derived from DO＋MGC group （72.65%） showed no significant difference compared with that from DO group （63.59%）, but the blastocyst rate of DO＋MGC group was significantly higher than that of DO group （9.88%） （P0.05）. [Conclusion] MGC coculture can significantly improve the in vitro cytoplasmic maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes, thereby enhancing the subsequent developmental potential.
文摘This present paper introduces 7 new species,among which 5 are referred to genus Microporella Jullien ,1888,i.e.,Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.,Microporella cribellata sp.nov.,Microporella inermis sp. nov., Microporella antiborealis sp. nov.,and Microporella monilifera sp.nov.;2 are referred to genus Fenestrulina Jullien,1888,i.e.,Fenestrulina sinica sp.nov. and Fenestrulina orientalis sp. nov.. Diagnoses of new family,new genus and new species Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.(Pl.Ⅰ,Figs.1～2) Colony encrusting,yellowish or grey-white,forming an irregularly shaped encrustation.Zooids oval,subhexangular or rectangular,arranged quincuncially,separated by fine sutures.Primary orifice D-shaped,slightly straight proximally,nearly rounded at either proximal corner;with a conspicuous,small condyle at either proximal corner;peristome slightly raised.4～5 oral spines present in ordinary zooid;1 oral spine not concealed at either proximal side of the ovicells or all the oral spines entirely concealed in fertilized zooids.Frontal wall gently convex,coarsely granulated,perforated by small,various-sized,subcircular pores whose inner borders are smooth or has 1～2 denticles.Operculum yellowish,equal to the orifice in shape and size,with a robust,brown sclerite along the arched margin,marked with many granules on the frontal surface. Ascopore circular,cribrate,situated median-proximally to the orifice,separated from proximal edge of orifice by a very short span,with raised outer peripheral margin forming a lowered umbo.Avicularium single,located at one side of the frontal wall,with an entire crossbar;Avicularian chamber expanded and marked with granules;Rostrum triangular,directed laterally,rostral groove slightly curved towards the basal side.Mandible with a setiform distal extension and without a hook at either side.Hyperstomial ovicell globose,longer than wide,embedded basally,marked with a row of marginal pores and a row of radial ribs disto-laterally;frontal surface convex,nodular,with a few small pores scattered over its surface.With basal porechambers,2 distally and 3 disto-laterally.Ancestrulae absent. This new species resembles Microporella elegans Suwa & Mawatari,1998 in the shape of zooid,the presence of the cribrate ascopore,the direction and chamber character of the single avicularium and the appearance of the mandible.But differs from that species in that the frontal pores of the new species not having a cribrate bottom,and that the setiform mandible not having a hook at each side of the base. Microporella cribellata sp. nov. (Pl,Ⅰ,Figs.5;Pl.Ⅲ,Figs.4～5) Colony encrusting,unilaminar,forming a subcircular patch or irregularly-shaped encrustation.Zooids rectangular or subhexangular,arranged quincuncially,separated by distinct sutures.Orifice Dshaped,wider than long,with a nearly straight or slightly concave proximal border and a small,triangular condyle at either proximal corner.Operculum corresponding to the orifice in shape and size,with a small constriction at either proximal corner and with a brown chitinous semicircular sclerite along its arched margin.Oral spines 4～5.Frontal wall convex,finely granulated,perforated by evenly distributed pores whose bottoms have circular cribrate plates.Ascopore circular,cribrate,situated proximally to the orifice,raised and thickened proximally much more than distally to form a suboral umbo.Adventitious avicularium usually single,sometimes double,and located beside the ascopore.Rostrum rounded triangular or semielliptical,directed obliquely to the distal end and without a rostral groove.Mandible rounded triangular or semielliptical.Ovicell hyperstomial,embedded basally,globose,longer than wide,marked with radial ribs and 2～3 rows of small pores along the distal and lateral margin,frontal surface with many minute granules and several dispersed pores. 4～5 oral spines in ordinary zooids,and with one oral spine not concealed at either proximal side of the fertilized zooid.Ancestrula tatiform,elongate oval,with an oval frontal membrane surrounded by an undulate mural rim,with 9
