据美国WebMD医学新闻网(2016/11/28)报道,根据在线发表于11月9日《更年期期刊》的一项研究,中年时,妇女的记忆力优于男性,直到停经才失去优势,因为她们的雌激素值下降。第一作者、麻省波士顿布莱根妇女医院阿尔兹海默病研究与治疗中心...据美国WebMD医学新闻网(2016/11/28)报道,根据在线发表于11月9日《更年期期刊》的一项研究,中年时,妇女的记忆力优于男性,直到停经才失去优势,因为她们的雌激素值下降。第一作者、麻省波士顿布莱根妇女医院阿尔兹海默病研究与治疗中心共同负责人Dorene M.Rentz博士等人认为,多达3/4的年长者发生记忆力相关缺损,妇女们在停经期间的健忘情况加重。不过,很少研究探讨年龄相关的记忆缺损与性别的关系。为了检视性别相关的记忆差异,Rentz博士等人招募了212名45~65岁的男性与女性,这些人从他们的母亲怀孕期间参与“New England Family Study”研究起就被追踪,这些人都完成认知测试问卷,女性参与者另外进行了激素评估,以确认她们的停经状态。整体而言,妇女在所有记忆测量表现都优于男性,包括认人记名联想记忆测验(face-name associative memory exam,FNAME;β=-0.30;P<0.0001)以及选择性提醒测试(selective reminding test,SRT;β=-0.29;P<0.0001)。当比较妇女的认知表现与其停经状态时,Rentz博士等人发现,停经前与停经期间的妇女,在FNAME(初始学习,β=0.32;P=0.01)与SRT(回忆,β=2.39;P=0.02)的表现优于已停经妇女;雌激素值较高的妇女也和SRT(回忆,β=1.96;P=0.01)表现显著较佳有关。(作者们将8名正在使用激素治疗的妇女排除于这项亚组分析。)作者们指出,停经后妇女对于信息的初始学习与检索有难度,但是在巩固记忆或储存记忆方面则无难度,此外,停经后妇女的记忆任务表现与男性相当,除了延迟回忆的测试(7.5 vs 6.1;β=0.80;P=0.004)以及整体SRT(0.07 vs-0.3;β=-0.19;P=0.04)。展开更多
We investigated residual brain damage in subjects who suffered severe traumat ic brain injury (TBI) in childhood, and its relationship with declarative memory impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric da...We investigated residual brain damage in subjects who suffered severe traumat ic brain injury (TBI) in childhood, and its relationship with declarative memory impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric data and memory perform ance were compared between 16 adolescents with antecedents of severe TBI and 16 matched normal controls. Volumes of grey matter, white matter cerebrospinal flui d (CSF), hippocampus, and caudate nuclei were measured. Verbal memory was assess ed by the Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test and visual memory by the Rey’s Complex Figure. TBI patients performed significantly worse than controls in bot h verbal and visual memory. Patients presented decreased while matter volume and increased CSF. The hippocampus was reduced, but not the caudate nuclei. Memory performance correlated with CSF. Plasticity is incomplete for structural and fun ctional deficits in children with TBI. Hippocampal atrophy, white matter loss, a nd memory impairment remain until adolescence. Memory sequelae are related more to diffuse brain injury as reflected by MRI findings of increased CSF, than to h ippocampal injury.展开更多
文摘据美国WebMD医学新闻网(2016/11/28)报道,根据在线发表于11月9日《更年期期刊》的一项研究,中年时,妇女的记忆力优于男性,直到停经才失去优势,因为她们的雌激素值下降。第一作者、麻省波士顿布莱根妇女医院阿尔兹海默病研究与治疗中心共同负责人Dorene M.Rentz博士等人认为,多达3/4的年长者发生记忆力相关缺损,妇女们在停经期间的健忘情况加重。不过,很少研究探讨年龄相关的记忆缺损与性别的关系。为了检视性别相关的记忆差异,Rentz博士等人招募了212名45~65岁的男性与女性,这些人从他们的母亲怀孕期间参与“New England Family Study”研究起就被追踪,这些人都完成认知测试问卷,女性参与者另外进行了激素评估,以确认她们的停经状态。整体而言,妇女在所有记忆测量表现都优于男性,包括认人记名联想记忆测验(face-name associative memory exam,FNAME;β=-0.30;P<0.0001)以及选择性提醒测试(selective reminding test,SRT;β=-0.29;P<0.0001)。当比较妇女的认知表现与其停经状态时,Rentz博士等人发现,停经前与停经期间的妇女,在FNAME(初始学习,β=0.32;P=0.01)与SRT(回忆,β=2.39;P=0.02)的表现优于已停经妇女;雌激素值较高的妇女也和SRT(回忆,β=1.96;P=0.01)表现显著较佳有关。(作者们将8名正在使用激素治疗的妇女排除于这项亚组分析。)作者们指出,停经后妇女对于信息的初始学习与检索有难度,但是在巩固记忆或储存记忆方面则无难度,此外,停经后妇女的记忆任务表现与男性相当,除了延迟回忆的测试(7.5 vs 6.1;β=0.80;P=0.004)以及整体SRT(0.07 vs-0.3;β=-0.19;P=0.04)。
文摘We investigated residual brain damage in subjects who suffered severe traumat ic brain injury (TBI) in childhood, and its relationship with declarative memory impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric data and memory perform ance were compared between 16 adolescents with antecedents of severe TBI and 16 matched normal controls. Volumes of grey matter, white matter cerebrospinal flui d (CSF), hippocampus, and caudate nuclei were measured. Verbal memory was assess ed by the Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test and visual memory by the Rey’s Complex Figure. TBI patients performed significantly worse than controls in bot h verbal and visual memory. Patients presented decreased while matter volume and increased CSF. The hippocampus was reduced, but not the caudate nuclei. Memory performance correlated with CSF. Plasticity is incomplete for structural and fun ctional deficits in children with TBI. Hippocampal atrophy, white matter loss, a nd memory impairment remain until adolescence. Memory sequelae are related more to diffuse brain injury as reflected by MRI findings of increased CSF, than to h ippocampal injury.
