AIM:To ascertain the usefulness of a histological scoring system devised to assist in the interpretation of liver histology in neonatal cholestasis(NC) .METHODS:Liver biopsy specimens obtained from infants with NC ref...AIM:To ascertain the usefulness of a histological scoring system devised to assist in the interpretation of liver histology in neonatal cholestasis(NC) .METHODS:Liver biopsy specimens obtained from infants with NC referred to a tertiary pediatric unit in Malaysia were prospectively studied.The first author,blinded to the final diagnosis,devised the histological diagnosis based on a 7-feature(portal ductal proliferation,bile plugs in portal ductules,portoportal bridging,lymphocytic infiltration in portal region,multinucleated hepatocytes,neutrophilic infiltration,hepatocellular swelling) ,15-point(0 to 15) scoring system.The author classified the histological diagnosis as either biliary atresia(BA) or neonatal hepatitis(NH,all other diagnoses) ,and subsequently compared the author's diagnosis with the final diagnosis.RESULTS:Eighty-four biopsy specimens obtained from 78 patients were reviewed.Without the scoring system,BA was correctly diagnosed by the author histologically in 30 cases,labelled as NH in 3.For other diagnoses,BA was excluded correctly in 33 cases and mislabeled as BA in 2 cases.The overall sensitivity for BA was 91%,specificity 86% and accuracy 88%.With the scoring system,a score of ≥ 7 had the best diagnostic utility to differentiate BA from other intrahepatic cholestasis histologically(sensitivity 88%,specificity 94%,accuracy 92%) .Four patients with a score < 7 had BA,and 3 patients with a score ≥ 7 had NH.CONCLUSION:A 7-feature,15-point histological scoring system had good diagnostic accuracy in the interpretation of liver histology in neonatal cholestasis.展开更多
Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies report...Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies reported significant effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of telemonitoring and wireless hemodynamic monitoring devices in reducing hospitalizations in heart failure. Methods ＆ Results PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched up to 1st May 2017 for articles that investigated the effects of telemonitoring or hemodynamic monitoring on hospitalization rates in heart failure. In 31,501 patients （mean age： 68 ± 12 years; 61% male; follow-up 11 ± 8 months）, telemonitoring reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.73 （95% CI： 0.65-0.83; P 〈 0.0001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 94%）. These effects were observed in the short-term （≤ 6 months： HR = 0.77, 95% CI： 0.65-0.89; P 〈 0.01） and long-term （≥ 12 months： HR = 0.73, 95% CI： 0.62-0.87; P 〈 0.0001）. In 4831 patients （mean age 66 ± 18 years; 66% male; follow-up 13 ± 4 months）, wireless hemodynamic monitoring also reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.60 （95% CI： 0.53-0.69; P 〈 0.001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 64%）.This reduction was observed both in the short-term （HR = 0.55, 95% CI： 0.45-0.68; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 72%） and long-term （HR = 0.64, 95% CI： 0.57-0.72; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 55%）. Conclusions Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring reduce hospitalization in both short- and long-term in heart failure patients展开更多
Objective: Neurological evaluation is commonly applied to identify ischemia in focal cerebral ischemia model though it might not be sensitive. In present study, we hired sleeping time to assess ischemia occurrence. Me...Objective: Neurological evaluation is commonly applied to identify ischemia in focal cerebral ischemia model though it might not be sensitive. In present study, we hired sleeping time to assess ischemia occurrence. Methods: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats under pentobarbital and ketamine anesthesia respectively. Sleeping time was recorded. Neurological evaluation was conducted by modified Bederson’s scoring system at 4 h and histopathological evaluation was performed at 3 d after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results: Slices of brain stained by TTC, H&E and hoechst 33258 revealed extensive lesion in the two ischemic groups. The sensitivity to identify ischemia by neurological evaluation was 62.5%, but it was 81.3% and 80% respectively when evaluating by sleeping time (pentobarbital: ≥90.7 min, ketamine: ≥36.1 min). The sensitivity to identify ischemia by sleeping time was significantly higher than that by neurological evaluation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that to identify ischemia by sleeping time is a simple and sensitive method in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia in rat.展开更多
One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that ...One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that it is hard if not impossible to get simple measures for resilience as far as social-ecological systems are complex ones. Using a system dynamics model, the author shows that, for assessing resilience of systems like irrigation systems, it probably helps to see the process of resilience loss as a systemic one, in which dynamics is given by positive self-reinforcing loops, like the one we have labeled in this paper--the death spiral. The author also presents a list of symptoms of collapse in irrigation systems, in order to assess the resilience of those systems, and suggest some future avenues of research on the subject.展开更多
Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, t...Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this展开更多
Background: While mental health among collegiate athletes is receiving increased attention, research on factors surrounding collegiate athletes' decision to seek mental health services is limited. The goal of the ...Background: While mental health among collegiate athletes is receiving increased attention, research on factors surrounding collegiate athletes' decision to seek mental health services is limited. The goal of the present review was to analyze and synthesize the current literature concerning collegiate athletes' utilization of mental health services, including the facilitators of and barriers to use of these services.Methods: The analysis was guided and organized using a socio-ecological framework, which considered the unique context in which collegiate athletes study and perform. A total of 21 articles, published between 2005 and 2016, which concern U.S. collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization(MHSU) were selected and included for the final analysis. Conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU were compared and contrasted. Facilitators of and barriers to athletes MHSU were examined and summarized while appropriately considering the proximity of each factor(facilitator or barrier) to the athletes.Results: Results showed variations in conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU in the articles analyzed, which made interpretation and cross comparison difficult. Collegiate athletes are willing to utilize mental health services, but gender, perceived stigma, peer norms—for athletes and coaches—plus service availability impact their MHSU.Conclusion: Key stakeholders, administrators, and public health officials should partner to eliminate MHSU barriers, support facilitators, and generally empower collegiate athletes to actively manage their mental health.展开更多
Taking into consideration the disadvantage of Balanced Scorecard(BSC)not being able to reflect time delay,nonlinear problems of causal relationship and being lack of effective simulation,we combined it with the charac...Taking into consideration the disadvantage of Balanced Scorecard(BSC)not being able to reflect time delay,nonlinear problems of causal relationship and being lack of effective simulation,we combined it with the characteristics of the System Dynamics(SD).Basing on the background of manufacturing enterprises,through SD integrating with the BSC we established a new performance evaluation method-SD-BSC method to overcome the disadvantage of BSC.A performance evaluation model of SD-BSC is provided and the simulation results are analyzed which show different production policies will lead to different customer's satisfaction degrees.The SD-BSC dynamic performance evaluation method can reflect dynamic,complex causal feedback relationship and time delay,so it compensates for the disadvantage of traditional financial performance evaluation method,and at the same time makes the BSC perfect.展开更多
Firstly, the construction background and basic connotations of CNOOC's Green Supply Chain was presented in this paper. Then, a detailed introduction to CNOOC's good practices for building green oil and gas fie...Firstly, the construction background and basic connotations of CNOOC's Green Supply Chain was presented in this paper. Then, a detailed introduction to CNOOC's good practices for building green oil and gas fields, green power plants, green refineries and green chemical plants was given with respect to the establishment of a green production construction and assessment system as well as green exploration, green manufacturing,green products, green sales, green recovery and other aspects. Finally, the effects of the Green Supply Chain established by CNOOC were summarized.展开更多
The chief production elements of an agricultural enterprise are its biological assets and the choice and practical application of the evaluation methods, as the assets directly affect many aspects： decision making of...The chief production elements of an agricultural enterprise are its biological assets and the choice and practical application of the evaluation methods, as the assets directly affect many aspects： decision making of economic character by the financial statement user, indicators of financial operation analysis, inter-comparison of sector enterprises, assessment of the company value and taxes on its economic activity, and statistical data of the agricultural sector. The authors have used the discounted cash flow （DCF） as an alternative method and a model of system dynamics. Such a system dynamics method has not been used for assessment of biological assets so far. In the operating process, the company acquires or loses possession of the resources. It is vital to analyze the resources to see whether they comply with the concept of the assets and the terms of recognition. It is necessary for the same company as well as for external users of financial statements to get true information about the business and the value of money. Biological assets may be recognized in the company＇s accounting only when it is predictable that future benefits associated with these assets will flow into the enterprise. It is also important that the fair value or the cost can be measured reliably.展开更多
The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based...The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.展开更多
According to the theory of fuzzy mathematics, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the original algorithm is improved, and reduced the possibility loss of the original evaluation data. The improved algorithm is ap...According to the theory of fuzzy mathematics, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the original algorithm is improved, and reduced the possibility loss of the original evaluation data. The improved algorithm is applied in the practice teaching quality evaluation system, and improved the practice teaching quality evaluation results and the accuracy of visual, and promote the teaching management scientific, standardized and institutionalized. In order to establish incentive mechanism, it can bring a positive role to improve teaching quality.展开更多
Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking J...Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking Jinji（Tianjin--Jixian） Highway of Tianjin as an example, the errors of system simulation are tested, and the system dynamics model built is verified to be quite stable, which has a high performance. Through the comparison of simulation results with and without Jinji Highway, the paper simulates and predicts the socio-economie benefit of each year from 2003 to 2013. Thus the quantification evaluation of socio-economic benefit of highway project is realized and will provide the theory instructions for similar projects in the future.展开更多
Since the 1970s, according to the international pension system reform trend for old-age social security system, no single institutional arrangement can ensure the functions of endowment security system to achieve the ...Since the 1970s, according to the international pension system reform trend for old-age social security system, no single institutional arrangement can ensure the functions of endowment security system to achieve the optimal.Therefore,how to based on the present situation of development, and to accurately, thus promote the resources integration, comprehensive build multi-level old-age security system, has important policy and practice significance.展开更多
Background and aim： Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the past years have examined the associations of Mediterranean-style diets （MedSDs） on cognitive. However, these reviews have not be...Background and aim： Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the past years have examined the associations of Mediterranean-style diets （MedSDs） on cognitive. However, these reviews have not been evaluated for satisfying Contemporary methodologies quality standards. At the same time, due to the high demand for related care during the aging process in China, it is necessary to summarize the ex-isting system evaluation and evaluate the quality of it, so as to provide strong evidence for the development of relevant work and to standardize the research process and methods in this field. This study evaluated the quality of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on MedSD and cognitive outcomes by using an established methodology quality scale, and to provide some valuable references for future research and Chinese systematic review and meta-analysis developing. Methods： We used the AMSTAR Methodology Quality Assessment Scale to evaluate the quality of methodology of the existing meta-analyses and systematic review. Meta analysis and systematic review that meets our criteria must contain the following characteristics： 1） used systematic or meta-analytic procedures to review the lit-erature, and 2） had MedSD interventions independently. Results： Reviews satisfied with 5 to 9 of the AMSTAR MedSD items （mean 7.35, standard deviation： 1.27）, quality is above average with those published in higher-impact journals having a greater quality score. Conclusion： These data suggest that current meta-analyses/systematic reviews evaluating the effect of MedSD on cognitive do not fully meet contemporary methodology quality standards. The methodological quality of the literature needs to be im- proved. As a result, there are more research questions to answer to enhance our understanding of how MedSD affects cognitive. To clarify associations between MedSD and cognitive, future meta-analyses and systematic reviews should not only follow methodology quality standards but also include more statistical modeling results when data allow. And in order to make the conclusions more reliable, we expect higher quality RCTs in the future.展开更多
The energy consumption of buildings in urban areas is one of the greatest source of energy wasting and, consequently, ofincreasing of CO2 emission. Research is currently focused on the reduction of this consumption th...The energy consumption of buildings in urban areas is one of the greatest source of energy wasting and, consequently, ofincreasing of CO2 emission. Research is currently focused on the reduction of this consumption through the use of passive air-conditioning systems, that can be integrated with conventional systems and give rise to the so-called hybrid systems. Historically, these passive systems were developed in the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The research approach on this topic involves the application of design strategies and the development of computational tools and control systems. The development of the hybrid systems is the result of the synergy between current scientific knowledge, advanced manufacturing and information technology. In this study, a modular housing system has been investigated under different conditions. Simulations have been repeated, in order to identify the configuration that provides the highest indoor comfort. The analysis of the different conditions has been carried out using a CFD （computational fluid dynamic） software. The paper shows the results developed by the Dipartimento di Architettura of the Universit^t di Palermo in the analysis of the natural ventilation effect on the indoor comfort.展开更多
Scientific teaching quality evaluation system and the effective operation mechanism have a positive meaning for promoting teaching reform. Teachers’ specialization is the core of education, and is the starting point ...Scientific teaching quality evaluation system and the effective operation mechanism have a positive meaning for promoting teaching reform. Teachers’ specialization is the core of education, and is the starting point and end-result of education reform. Teachers’ professional development has three kinds of orientation rational orientation, reflection-evaluation orientation, and ecological orientation. Some new research suggests that re？ ection-evaluation orientation is the best way to improve teachers’ professional abilities. At present, reflective teacher education has become worldwide trend. Compared with experiential teaching, reflective teaching is a sort of positive tool which is used to help teachers conduct their active and professional work. The main purpose of reflective teaching is to allow teachers to reffect on their own work and self-evaluation, and improve their methodology, eventually improve teaching methods and promote student learning. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the teaching quality evaluation system in the aspects of concept, subject, standard, organization, etc. Therefore, we have to reffect and reconstruct the teaching quality evaluation system in colleges and universities.展开更多
基金Supported by A research grant from Vote F,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
文摘AIM:To ascertain the usefulness of a histological scoring system devised to assist in the interpretation of liver histology in neonatal cholestasis(NC) .METHODS:Liver biopsy specimens obtained from infants with NC referred to a tertiary pediatric unit in Malaysia were prospectively studied.The first author,blinded to the final diagnosis,devised the histological diagnosis based on a 7-feature(portal ductal proliferation,bile plugs in portal ductules,portoportal bridging,lymphocytic infiltration in portal region,multinucleated hepatocytes,neutrophilic infiltration,hepatocellular swelling) ,15-point(0 to 15) scoring system.The author classified the histological diagnosis as either biliary atresia(BA) or neonatal hepatitis(NH,all other diagnoses) ,and subsequently compared the author's diagnosis with the final diagnosis.RESULTS:Eighty-four biopsy specimens obtained from 78 patients were reviewed.Without the scoring system,BA was correctly diagnosed by the author histologically in 30 cases,labelled as NH in 3.For other diagnoses,BA was excluded correctly in 33 cases and mislabeled as BA in 2 cases.The overall sensitivity for BA was 91%,specificity 86% and accuracy 88%.With the scoring system,a score of ≥ 7 had the best diagnostic utility to differentiate BA from other intrahepatic cholestasis histologically(sensitivity 88%,specificity 94%,accuracy 92%) .Four patients with a score < 7 had BA,and 3 patients with a score ≥ 7 had NH.CONCLUSION:A 7-feature,15-point histological scoring system had good diagnostic accuracy in the interpretation of liver histology in neonatal cholestasis.
文摘Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies reported significant effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of telemonitoring and wireless hemodynamic monitoring devices in reducing hospitalizations in heart failure. Methods ＆ Results PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched up to 1st May 2017 for articles that investigated the effects of telemonitoring or hemodynamic monitoring on hospitalization rates in heart failure. In 31,501 patients （mean age： 68 ± 12 years; 61% male; follow-up 11 ± 8 months）, telemonitoring reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.73 （95% CI： 0.65-0.83; P 〈 0.0001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 94%）. These effects were observed in the short-term （≤ 6 months： HR = 0.77, 95% CI： 0.65-0.89; P 〈 0.01） and long-term （≥ 12 months： HR = 0.73, 95% CI： 0.62-0.87; P 〈 0.0001）. In 4831 patients （mean age 66 ± 18 years; 66% male; follow-up 13 ± 4 months）, wireless hemodynamic monitoring also reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.60 （95% CI： 0.53-0.69; P 〈 0.001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 64%）.This reduction was observed both in the short-term （HR = 0.55, 95% CI： 0.45-0.68; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 72%） and long-term （HR = 0.64, 95% CI： 0.57-0.72; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 55%）. Conclusions Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring reduce hospitalization in both short- and long-term in heart failure patients
文摘Objective: Neurological evaluation is commonly applied to identify ischemia in focal cerebral ischemia model though it might not be sensitive. In present study, we hired sleeping time to assess ischemia occurrence. Methods: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats under pentobarbital and ketamine anesthesia respectively. Sleeping time was recorded. Neurological evaluation was conducted by modified Bederson’s scoring system at 4 h and histopathological evaluation was performed at 3 d after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results: Slices of brain stained by TTC, H&E and hoechst 33258 revealed extensive lesion in the two ischemic groups. The sensitivity to identify ischemia by neurological evaluation was 62.5%, but it was 81.3% and 80% respectively when evaluating by sleeping time (pentobarbital: ≥90.7 min, ketamine: ≥36.1 min). The sensitivity to identify ischemia by sleeping time was significantly higher than that by neurological evaluation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that to identify ischemia by sleeping time is a simple and sensitive method in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia in rat.
文摘One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that it is hard if not impossible to get simple measures for resilience as far as social-ecological systems are complex ones. Using a system dynamics model, the author shows that, for assessing resilience of systems like irrigation systems, it probably helps to see the process of resilience loss as a systemic one, in which dynamics is given by positive self-reinforcing loops, like the one we have labeled in this paper--the death spiral. The author also presents a list of symptoms of collapse in irrigation systems, in order to assess the resilience of those systems, and suggest some future avenues of research on the subject.
文摘Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this
文摘Background: While mental health among collegiate athletes is receiving increased attention, research on factors surrounding collegiate athletes' decision to seek mental health services is limited. The goal of the present review was to analyze and synthesize the current literature concerning collegiate athletes' utilization of mental health services, including the facilitators of and barriers to use of these services.Methods: The analysis was guided and organized using a socio-ecological framework, which considered the unique context in which collegiate athletes study and perform. A total of 21 articles, published between 2005 and 2016, which concern U.S. collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization(MHSU) were selected and included for the final analysis. Conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU were compared and contrasted. Facilitators of and barriers to athletes MHSU were examined and summarized while appropriately considering the proximity of each factor(facilitator or barrier) to the athletes.Results: Results showed variations in conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU in the articles analyzed, which made interpretation and cross comparison difficult. Collegiate athletes are willing to utilize mental health services, but gender, perceived stigma, peer norms—for athletes and coaches—plus service availability impact their MHSU.Conclusion: Key stakeholders, administrators, and public health officials should partner to eliminate MHSU barriers, support facilitators, and generally empower collegiate athletes to actively manage their mental health.
基金Sponsored by the Key Science Research Project of Abroad Scholars of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.1055HZ029).
文摘Taking into consideration the disadvantage of Balanced Scorecard(BSC)not being able to reflect time delay,nonlinear problems of causal relationship and being lack of effective simulation,we combined it with the characteristics of the System Dynamics(SD).Basing on the background of manufacturing enterprises,through SD integrating with the BSC we established a new performance evaluation method-SD-BSC method to overcome the disadvantage of BSC.A performance evaluation model of SD-BSC is provided and the simulation results are analyzed which show different production policies will lead to different customer's satisfaction degrees.The SD-BSC dynamic performance evaluation method can reflect dynamic,complex causal feedback relationship and time delay,so it compensates for the disadvantage of traditional financial performance evaluation method,and at the same time makes the BSC perfect.
文摘Firstly, the construction background and basic connotations of CNOOC's Green Supply Chain was presented in this paper. Then, a detailed introduction to CNOOC's good practices for building green oil and gas fields, green power plants, green refineries and green chemical plants was given with respect to the establishment of a green production construction and assessment system as well as green exploration, green manufacturing,green products, green sales, green recovery and other aspects. Finally, the effects of the Green Supply Chain established by CNOOC were summarized.
文摘The chief production elements of an agricultural enterprise are its biological assets and the choice and practical application of the evaluation methods, as the assets directly affect many aspects： decision making of economic character by the financial statement user, indicators of financial operation analysis, inter-comparison of sector enterprises, assessment of the company value and taxes on its economic activity, and statistical data of the agricultural sector. The authors have used the discounted cash flow （DCF） as an alternative method and a model of system dynamics. Such a system dynamics method has not been used for assessment of biological assets so far. In the operating process, the company acquires or loses possession of the resources. It is vital to analyze the resources to see whether they comply with the concept of the assets and the terms of recognition. It is necessary for the same company as well as for external users of financial statements to get true information about the business and the value of money. Biological assets may be recognized in the company＇s accounting only when it is predictable that future benefits associated with these assets will flow into the enterprise. It is also important that the fair value or the cost can be measured reliably.
文摘The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.
文摘According to the theory of fuzzy mathematics, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the original algorithm is improved, and reduced the possibility loss of the original evaluation data. The improved algorithm is applied in the practice teaching quality evaluation system, and improved the practice teaching quality evaluation results and the accuracy of visual, and promote the teaching management scientific, standardized and institutionalized. In order to establish incentive mechanism, it can bring a positive role to improve teaching quality.
基金Technology Plan Projects of Tianjin Planning Bureau(No.2010H3-0011)
文摘Based on the theory of system dynamics, the paper analyzes the mechanism of socio-economic benefits of highway projects and establishes the system dynamics model of regional economic-highway development. Then taking Jinji（Tianjin--Jixian） Highway of Tianjin as an example, the errors of system simulation are tested, and the system dynamics model built is verified to be quite stable, which has a high performance. Through the comparison of simulation results with and without Jinji Highway, the paper simulates and predicts the socio-economie benefit of each year from 2003 to 2013. Thus the quantification evaluation of socio-economic benefit of highway project is realized and will provide the theory instructions for similar projects in the future.
文摘Since the 1970s, according to the international pension system reform trend for old-age social security system, no single institutional arrangement can ensure the functions of endowment security system to achieve the optimal.Therefore,how to based on the present situation of development, and to accurately, thus promote the resources integration, comprehensive build multi-level old-age security system, has important policy and practice significance.
文摘Background and aim： Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the past years have examined the associations of Mediterranean-style diets （MedSDs） on cognitive. However, these reviews have not been evaluated for satisfying Contemporary methodologies quality standards. At the same time, due to the high demand for related care during the aging process in China, it is necessary to summarize the ex-isting system evaluation and evaluate the quality of it, so as to provide strong evidence for the development of relevant work and to standardize the research process and methods in this field. This study evaluated the quality of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on MedSD and cognitive outcomes by using an established methodology quality scale, and to provide some valuable references for future research and Chinese systematic review and meta-analysis developing. Methods： We used the AMSTAR Methodology Quality Assessment Scale to evaluate the quality of methodology of the existing meta-analyses and systematic review. Meta analysis and systematic review that meets our criteria must contain the following characteristics： 1） used systematic or meta-analytic procedures to review the lit-erature, and 2） had MedSD interventions independently. Results： Reviews satisfied with 5 to 9 of the AMSTAR MedSD items （mean 7.35, standard deviation： 1.27）, quality is above average with those published in higher-impact journals having a greater quality score. Conclusion： These data suggest that current meta-analyses/systematic reviews evaluating the effect of MedSD on cognitive do not fully meet contemporary methodology quality standards. The methodological quality of the literature needs to be im- proved. As a result, there are more research questions to answer to enhance our understanding of how MedSD affects cognitive. To clarify associations between MedSD and cognitive, future meta-analyses and systematic reviews should not only follow methodology quality standards but also include more statistical modeling results when data allow. And in order to make the conclusions more reliable, we expect higher quality RCTs in the future.
文摘The energy consumption of buildings in urban areas is one of the greatest source of energy wasting and, consequently, ofincreasing of CO2 emission. Research is currently focused on the reduction of this consumption through the use of passive air-conditioning systems, that can be integrated with conventional systems and give rise to the so-called hybrid systems. Historically, these passive systems were developed in the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The research approach on this topic involves the application of design strategies and the development of computational tools and control systems. The development of the hybrid systems is the result of the synergy between current scientific knowledge, advanced manufacturing and information technology. In this study, a modular housing system has been investigated under different conditions. Simulations have been repeated, in order to identify the configuration that provides the highest indoor comfort. The analysis of the different conditions has been carried out using a CFD （computational fluid dynamic） software. The paper shows the results developed by the Dipartimento di Architettura of the Universit^t di Palermo in the analysis of the natural ventilation effect on the indoor comfort.
文摘Scientific teaching quality evaluation system and the effective operation mechanism have a positive meaning for promoting teaching reform. Teachers’ specialization is the core of education, and is the starting point and end-result of education reform. Teachers’ professional development has three kinds of orientation rational orientation, reflection-evaluation orientation, and ecological orientation. Some new research suggests that re？ ection-evaluation orientation is the best way to improve teachers’ professional abilities. At present, reflective teacher education has become worldwide trend. Compared with experiential teaching, reflective teaching is a sort of positive tool which is used to help teachers conduct their active and professional work. The main purpose of reflective teaching is to allow teachers to reffect on their own work and self-evaluation, and improve their methodology, eventually improve teaching methods and promote student learning. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the teaching quality evaluation system in the aspects of concept, subject, standard, organization, etc. Therefore, we have to reffect and reconstruct the teaching quality evaluation system in colleges and universities.
