Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of a...Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？展开更多
In the context of process calculi, higher order π calculus （A calculus） is prominent and popular due to its ability to transfer processes. Motivated by the attempt to study the process theory in an integrated way, ...In the context of process calculi, higher order π calculus （A calculus） is prominent and popular due to its ability to transfer processes. Motivated by the attempt to study the process theory in an integrated way, we give a system study of A calculus with respect to the model independent framework. We show the coincidence of the context bisimulation to the absolute equality. We also build a subbisimilarity relation from A calculus to the π calculus.展开更多
文摘Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61033002,60903020,61202023)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.11XD1402800)
文摘In the context of process calculi, higher order π calculus （A calculus） is prominent and popular due to its ability to transfer processes. Motivated by the attempt to study the process theory in an integrated way, we give a system study of A calculus with respect to the model independent framework. We show the coincidence of the context bisimulation to the absolute equality. We also build a subbisimilarity relation from A calculus to the π calculus.
