The quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF) in very-short range(0-12 hours) has been investigated in this paper by using a convective-scale(3km) GRAPES_Meso model. At first, a latent heat nudging(LHN) scheme to assim...The quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF) in very-short range(0-12 hours) has been investigated in this paper by using a convective-scale(3km) GRAPES_Meso model. At first, a latent heat nudging(LHN) scheme to assimilate the hourly intensified surface precipitation data was set up to enhance the initialization of GRAPES_Meso integration. And then based on the LHN scheme, a convective-scale prediction system was built up in considering the initial "triggering"uncertainties by means of multi-scale initial analysis(MSIA), such as the three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR), the traditional LHN method(VAR0LHN3), the cycling LHN method(CYCLING), the spatial filtering(SS) and the temporal filtering(DFI) LHN methods. Furthermore, the probability matching(PM) method was used to generate the QPF in very-short range by combining the precipitation forecasts of the five runs. The experiments for one month were carried out to validate the MSIA and PM method for QPF in very-short range.The numerical simulation results showed that:(1) in comparison with the control run, the CYCLING run could generate the smaller-scale initial moist increments and was better for reducing the spin-up time and triggering the convection in a very-short time;(2) the DFI runs could generate the initial analysis fields with relatively larger-scale initial increments and trigger the weaker convections at the beginning time(0-3h) of integration, but enhance them at latter time(6-12h);(3) by combining the five runs with different convection triggering features, the PM method could significantly improve the QPF in very-short range in comparison to any single run. Therefore, the QPF with a small size of combining members proposed here is quite prospective in operation for its lower computation cost and better performance.展开更多
The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild elephants.The perception and attitudes of local communities who inha...The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild elephants.The perception and attitudes of local communities who inhabited the frontiers between human activities and wild elephant movement are important to the mitigation of the HEC and conservation of wild elephants. To analyze the perception and attitudes of local communities, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used in the investigation of 423 interviewees from 22 villages in Xishuangbanna from July 2009 to February 2010. The results indicated that local communities had their views on the elephant-related problems. In field survey, we found that 66.5% of interviewees were willing to support, participate in, and assist in the conservation of wild elephants;33.5% of interviewees were opposed or indifferent to such conservation, because their livelihoods and even their lives were endangered by wild elephants. These views and attitudes were influenced by local communities′perception of HEC, education level, gender and self-interest. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse views among local communities and balance profits and costs in addressing HEC.展开更多
By the law, the highest-ranking state officials announce national mouming in response to death of prominent persons. The concept of mourning should be understood both as way of showing grief in public spaces and a per...By the law, the highest-ranking state officials announce national mouming in response to death of prominent persons. The concept of mourning should be understood both as way of showing grief in public spaces and a period of time. In turn, the concept of iconography means a collection of illustrations, paintings, prints, drawings relating to a person, place or topic. President of Poland, his wife and other 94 people died in the Smolensk plane crash on April 10, 2010, thus the images of plane crash and its outcome published in different segments of Polish press are the subject of the article. Research based on methods such as interpretation of composition and semiotics. I started my analysis with a few hypotheses： （1） The cultural background, especially religious, determines the mourning visual representation; （2） The result of certain style of visualization can be constructing of a political myth; （3） Different means can be used by mass media in adapting culture patterns process; （4） Different photographic genres can be used to illustrate the mourning; and （5） Press segments differ in way/style of mourning visualization.展开更多
By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam＇s classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity ...By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam＇s classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity of studying various classical Fresnel transformations in the context of quantum optics.展开更多
We introduce a class of categories, called clustered hyperbolic categories, which are constructed from a categorized version of preseeds called categorical preseeds using categorical mutations that are a ＂functorial...We introduce a class of categories, called clustered hyperbolic categories, which are constructed from a categorized version of preseeds called categorical preseeds using categorical mutations that are a ＂functorial＂ edition of preseed mutations. Every Weyl preseed p gives rise to a categorical preseed P which generates a clustered hyperbolic category; this is formed by copies of categories each one of which is equivalent to the category of representations of the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）. A ＂categorical realization＂ of Weyl cluster algebra is provided in the sense of defining a map Fp from any clustered hyperbolic category induced from p to the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）, where the image of Fp generates H（p）.展开更多
基金National(Key)Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2013CB430106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41375108)
文摘The quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF) in very-short range(0-12 hours) has been investigated in this paper by using a convective-scale(3km) GRAPES_Meso model. At first, a latent heat nudging(LHN) scheme to assimilate the hourly intensified surface precipitation data was set up to enhance the initialization of GRAPES_Meso integration. And then based on the LHN scheme, a convective-scale prediction system was built up in considering the initial "triggering"uncertainties by means of multi-scale initial analysis(MSIA), such as the three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR), the traditional LHN method(VAR0LHN3), the cycling LHN method(CYCLING), the spatial filtering(SS) and the temporal filtering(DFI) LHN methods. Furthermore, the probability matching(PM) method was used to generate the QPF in very-short range by combining the precipitation forecasts of the five runs. The experiments for one month were carried out to validate the MSIA and PM method for QPF in very-short range.The numerical simulation results showed that:(1) in comparison with the control run, the CYCLING run could generate the smaller-scale initial moist increments and was better for reducing the spin-up time and triggering the convection in a very-short time;(2) the DFI runs could generate the initial analysis fields with relatively larger-scale initial increments and trigger the weaker convections at the beginning time(0-3h) of integration, but enhance them at latter time(6-12h);(3) by combining the five runs with different convection triggering features, the PM method could significantly improve the QPF in very-short range in comparison to any single run. Therefore, the QPF with a small size of combining members proposed here is quite prospective in operation for its lower computation cost and better performance.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30870431)
文摘The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild elephants.The perception and attitudes of local communities who inhabited the frontiers between human activities and wild elephant movement are important to the mitigation of the HEC and conservation of wild elephants. To analyze the perception and attitudes of local communities, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used in the investigation of 423 interviewees from 22 villages in Xishuangbanna from July 2009 to February 2010. The results indicated that local communities had their views on the elephant-related problems. In field survey, we found that 66.5% of interviewees were willing to support, participate in, and assist in the conservation of wild elephants;33.5% of interviewees were opposed or indifferent to such conservation, because their livelihoods and even their lives were endangered by wild elephants. These views and attitudes were influenced by local communities′perception of HEC, education level, gender and self-interest. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse views among local communities and balance profits and costs in addressing HEC.
文摘By the law, the highest-ranking state officials announce national mouming in response to death of prominent persons. The concept of mourning should be understood both as way of showing grief in public spaces and a period of time. In turn, the concept of iconography means a collection of illustrations, paintings, prints, drawings relating to a person, place or topic. President of Poland, his wife and other 94 people died in the Smolensk plane crash on April 10, 2010, thus the images of plane crash and its outcome published in different segments of Polish press are the subject of the article. Research based on methods such as interpretation of composition and semiotics. I started my analysis with a few hypotheses： （1） The cultural background, especially religious, determines the mourning visual representation; （2） The result of certain style of visualization can be constructing of a political myth; （3） Different means can be used by mass media in adapting culture patterns process; （4） Different photographic genres can be used to illustrate the mourning; and （5） Press segments differ in way/style of mourning visualization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775097 and 10874174
文摘By introducing the entangled state representation and the two-mode Fresnel operator we provide quantum mechanical version for Bessel beam＇s classical propagation in ABCD optical system. This provides the opportunity of studying various classical Fresnel transformations in the context of quantum optics.
文摘We introduce a class of categories, called clustered hyperbolic categories, which are constructed from a categorized version of preseeds called categorical preseeds using categorical mutations that are a ＂functorial＂ edition of preseed mutations. Every Weyl preseed p gives rise to a categorical preseed P which generates a clustered hyperbolic category; this is formed by copies of categories each one of which is equivalent to the category of representations of the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）. A ＂categorical realization＂ of Weyl cluster algebra is provided in the sense of defining a map Fp from any clustered hyperbolic category induced from p to the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）, where the image of Fp generates H（p）.
