从事国际运输业的人们对于海运提单(Bill of Lading)(简称提单)早已熟知,对于陆运货运单(简称陆运单)和空运货运单(简称空运单)亦较熟悉,而对于海运货运单(Seaway bill)(简称海运单)则比较陌生。这是因为第一张以现代概念为提单的单证...从事国际运输业的人们对于海运提单(Bill of Lading)(简称提单)早已熟知,对于陆运货运单(简称陆运单)和空运货运单(简称空运单)亦较熟悉,而对于海运货运单(Seaway bill)(简称海运单)则比较陌生。这是因为第一张以现代概念为提单的单证早在十六世纪初就问世了,陆运单则是在十七、十八世纪出现的,空运单的使用也有好几十年的历史了,只有海运单是近十几年才产生的。展开更多
In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. T...In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. This study investigated the safety zone of an LNG bunkering vessel with 10,000 cubic meters capacity transferring LNG fuel to an LNG fueled 18,000 TEU containership. Four LNG leakage scenarios were identified based on failure frequencies analysis of piping systems and severity of consequence, three-dimension CFD software FLACS was adopted to calculate flammable cloud dispersion after LNG leakage. As a result, we obtained a rectangle dangerous zone （41.3 m ~ 126 m）, outside of this dangerous zone can be def＇med as safety zone. It is concluded that safety zone of LNG STS bunkering and cargo loading/unloading SIMOPS （simultaneous operations） cannot keep the same, there are different results for different designs and operation locations. Due to high frequencies and severe consequences, two typical scenarios, the leakage of LNG hose and the natural gas releases from bunkering tank＇s safety relief valve during bunkering, cannot be ignored in similar study.展开更多
文摘从事国际运输业的人们对于海运提单(Bill of Lading)(简称提单)早已熟知,对于陆运货运单(简称陆运单)和空运货运单(简称空运单)亦较熟悉,而对于海运货运单(Seaway bill)(简称海运单)则比较陌生。这是因为第一张以现代概念为提单的单证早在十六世纪初就问世了,陆运单则是在十七、十八世纪出现的,空运单的使用也有好几十年的历史了,只有海运单是近十几年才产生的。
文摘In order to reduce waiting time in port for large LNG （liquefied natural gas） fueled ships, it is suggested that LNG STS （ship to ship） bunkering and cargo loading/unloading should be carried out simultaneously. This study investigated the safety zone of an LNG bunkering vessel with 10,000 cubic meters capacity transferring LNG fuel to an LNG fueled 18,000 TEU containership. Four LNG leakage scenarios were identified based on failure frequencies analysis of piping systems and severity of consequence, three-dimension CFD software FLACS was adopted to calculate flammable cloud dispersion after LNG leakage. As a result, we obtained a rectangle dangerous zone （41.3 m ~ 126 m）, outside of this dangerous zone can be def＇med as safety zone. It is concluded that safety zone of LNG STS bunkering and cargo loading/unloading SIMOPS （simultaneous operations） cannot keep the same, there are different results for different designs and operation locations. Due to high frequencies and severe consequences, two typical scenarios, the leakage of LNG hose and the natural gas releases from bunkering tank＇s safety relief valve during bunkering, cannot be ignored in similar study.
