Severe solar events manifested by highly energetic X-Ray events accompanied by coronal mass ejections and proton flares caused flash floods in Makkah AI-Mukaramab, A1-Madinah AI-Munawarah and Jeddah. The responses can...Severe solar events manifested by highly energetic X-Ray events accompanied by coronal mass ejections and proton flares caused flash floods in Makkah AI-Mukaramab, A1-Madinah AI-Munawarah and Jeddah. The responses can be prompt, delayed or prompt-delayed, suggesting that the protons entered the troposphere either through the opening of a direct gate in the magnetosphere to the location concer.led due to magnetic reconnection, through the polar gates or through those two paths respectively. The authors suggest that there is a magnetic anomaly in Makkah AI-Mukaramah area which makes it liable to be subjected to flash floods. The width of the solar streams determines the width of the gate opened in the magnetosphere via magnetic reconnection and thus narrow streams affect only one location of the three cities while extended width streams can cause flash floods in all of Makkah AI-Mukaramah AI-Madinah AI Munawarah and Jeddah. In addition, the November 24-26 Jeddah flash flood could be attributed to a prompt event due to a moderately fast solar stream that arrived the earth on those days.展开更多
The present study evaluated the ef fects of chilled storage and cryopreservation on sperm motion characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Sperm mot...The present study evaluated the ef fects of chilled storage and cryopreservation on sperm motion characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Sperm motility and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione reductase(Gr), and lipid peroxidation(measured via malondialdehyde(MDA) content) were determined after the milt was stored at 4°C for 12 h, cryopreserved without cryoprotectant in 12% propylene glycol(PG), cryopreserved in 12% PG+0.1 mol/L trehalose, or cryopreserved in 12% PG spermatozoa but centrifuged to decant the supernatant prior to cryopreservation(only sperm cells were cryopreserved). After chilled storage or cryopreservation, the SOD, CAT and GPx activities were reduced in sperm cells and increased in seminal plasma in almost all treatments; sperm motility parameters were also decreased. However, the addition of trehalose into the cryoprotectant could signifi cantly improve the postthaw sperm quality as revealed by the sperm average path velocity. This improvement might be attributed to the function of trehalose in scavenging reactive oxygen species. Chilled storage and cryopreservation had signifi cant eff ects on sperm motion characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the Pacific cod.展开更多
Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid f...Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid from deep reservoir. However, because of seawater＇s little contribution to the forming of chimneys, it is usually covered by the abundant matter which is taken by hydrothermal fluid. Therefore, chimneys formed in ordinary deep elements, cannot be used to study the seawater＇s seawater hydrothermal activity, containing complex contribution to their formation. While the native sulfur chimneys, formed by hydrothermal activity near the sea area off Kueishantao, are single sulfur composition （over 99%）, and within chimneys distinct layers are seen. Different layers were sampled for trace element determination, with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. By analyzing the data, we consider C-layer （secondary inner-layer） as the framework layer of the chimney which formed early （Fig.4）, and its trace elements derive from hydrothermal fluid. While the trace elements within A, B, D layers have undergone later alteration. A, B layers are affected by seawater and D layer by hydrothermal fluid. The increase of trace elements of A and B layers was calculated using C layer as background. Based on the known typical volume of chimneys of the near sea area off Kueishantao, we calculated the volume of seawater that contributed trace element to chimneys formation to be about 6.37×10^4 L. This simple quantified estimate may help us better understand the seafloor hydrothermal activity and chimneys.展开更多
Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct...Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties has witnessed a rapid adoption of these materials for biomedical research and applications. Nanomaterials of various shapes and sizes having large specific surface areas can be used as multivalent scaffolds to present carbohydrate ligands. The resulting glyconanomaterials effectively amplify the glycan-mediated interactions, making it possible to use these materials for sensing, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies for the preparation of various glyconanomaterials. Examples are given where these glyconanomaterials have been used in sensing and differentiation of proteins and cells, as well as in imaging glycan-medicated cellular responses.展开更多
round-the-clock solar observations with full-disk coverage of vector magnetograms and multi-wavelength images demonstrate that solar active regions(ARs) are ultimately connected with magnetic field. Often two or more ...round-the-clock solar observations with full-disk coverage of vector magnetograms and multi-wavelength images demonstrate that solar active regions(ARs) are ultimately connected with magnetic field. Often two or more ARs are clustered, creating a favorable magnetic environment for the onset of coronal mass ejections(CMEs). In this work, we describe a new type of magnetic complex: cluster of solar ARs. An AR cluster is referred to as the close connection of two or more ARs which are located in nearly the same latitude and a narrow span of longitude. We illustrate three examples of AR clusters, each of which has two ARs connected and formed a common dome of magnetic flux system. They are clusters of NOAA(i.e., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) ARs 11226 & 11227, 11429 & 11430, and 11525 & 11524. In these AR clusters, CME initiations were often tied to the instability of the magnetic structures connecting two partner ARs, in the form of inter-connecting loops and/or channeling filaments between the two ARs. We show the evidence that, at least, some of the flare/CMEs in an AR cluster are not a phenomenon of a single AR, but the result of magnetic interaction in the whole AR cluster. The observations shed new light on understanding the mechanism(s) of solar activity. Instead of the simple bipolar topology as suggested by the so-called standard flare model, a multi-bipolar magnetic topology is more common to host the violent solar activity in solar atmosphere.展开更多
Corticosteroid-binding globulin(CBG) is a high-affinity plasma protein that transports glucocorticoids and progesterone.Others and we have reported non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) that influence C...Corticosteroid-binding globulin(CBG) is a high-affinity plasma protein that transports glucocorticoids and progesterone.Others and we have reported non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) that influence CBG production or steroid-binding activity.However,no promoter polymorphisms affecting the transcription of human CBG gene(Cbg) have been reported.In the present study we investigated function implications of six promoter SNPs,including 26 C/G,54 C/T,144 G/C,161 A/G,205 C/A,and 443/444 AG/,five of which are located within the first 205 base pairs of 5'-flanking region and close to the highly conserved footprinted elements,TATA-box,or CCAAT-box.Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that basal activity of the promoter carrying 54 T or 161 G was significantly enhanced.The first three polymorphisms,26 C/G,54 C/T,and 144 G/C located close to the putative hepatic nuclear factor(HNF) 1 binding elements,altered the transactivation effect of HNF1.We also found a negative promoter response to dexamethasone-activated glucocorticoid receptor(GR),although none of the SNPs affected its transrepression function.Our results suggest that human Cbg 26 C/G,54 C/T,144 G/C,and 161 A/G promoter polymorphisms alter transcriptional activity,and further studies are awaited to explore their association with physiological and pathological conditions.展开更多
文摘Severe solar events manifested by highly energetic X-Ray events accompanied by coronal mass ejections and proton flares caused flash floods in Makkah AI-Mukaramab, A1-Madinah AI-Munawarah and Jeddah. The responses can be prompt, delayed or prompt-delayed, suggesting that the protons entered the troposphere either through the opening of a direct gate in the magnetosphere to the location concer.led due to magnetic reconnection, through the polar gates or through those two paths respectively. The authors suggest that there is a magnetic anomaly in Makkah AI-Mukaramah area which makes it liable to be subjected to flash floods. The width of the solar streams determines the width of the gate opened in the magnetosphere via magnetic reconnection and thus narrow streams affect only one location of the three cities while extended width streams can cause flash floods in all of Makkah AI-Mukaramah AI-Madinah AI Munawarah and Jeddah. In addition, the November 24-26 Jeddah flash flood could be attributed to a prompt event due to a moderately fast solar stream that arrived the earth on those days.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31072212,41076100)the CAS Scientific and Technological Innovation Program for Cross and Cooperative Team,Marine Economy Innovative Development Project(No.12PYY001SF08)the National Key Basic Program of Science and Technology Platforms of Aquaculture Stock Resources,Shandong Technology Development Project(No.2013GHY11509)
文摘The present study evaluated the ef fects of chilled storage and cryopreservation on sperm motion characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Sperm motility and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione reductase(Gr), and lipid peroxidation(measured via malondialdehyde(MDA) content) were determined after the milt was stored at 4°C for 12 h, cryopreserved without cryoprotectant in 12% propylene glycol(PG), cryopreserved in 12% PG+0.1 mol/L trehalose, or cryopreserved in 12% PG spermatozoa but centrifuged to decant the supernatant prior to cryopreservation(only sperm cells were cryopreserved). After chilled storage or cryopreservation, the SOD, CAT and GPx activities were reduced in sperm cells and increased in seminal plasma in almost all treatments; sperm motility parameters were also decreased. However, the addition of trehalose into the cryoprotectant could signifi cantly improve the postthaw sperm quality as revealed by the sperm average path velocity. This improvement might be attributed to the function of trehalose in scavenging reactive oxygen species. Chilled storage and cryopreservation had signifi cant eff ects on sperm motion characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the Pacific cod.
基金Supported by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-211and KZCX3-SW- 223)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830849)the Special Foundation for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of COMRA (No. DYXM-115-02-1-03).
文摘Hydrothermal fuid containing abundant matter erupts from seafloor, meets ambient cold seawater and forms chimneys. So the main matter origins of chimneys are seawater and matter which are taken by hydrothermal fluid from deep reservoir. However, because of seawater＇s little contribution to the forming of chimneys, it is usually covered by the abundant matter which is taken by hydrothermal fluid. Therefore, chimneys formed in ordinary deep elements, cannot be used to study the seawater＇s seawater hydrothermal activity, containing complex contribution to their formation. While the native sulfur chimneys, formed by hydrothermal activity near the sea area off Kueishantao, are single sulfur composition （over 99%）, and within chimneys distinct layers are seen. Different layers were sampled for trace element determination, with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. By analyzing the data, we consider C-layer （secondary inner-layer） as the framework layer of the chimney which formed early （Fig.4）, and its trace elements derive from hydrothermal fluid. While the trace elements within A, B, D layers have undergone later alteration. A, B layers are affected by seawater and D layer by hydrothermal fluid. The increase of trace elements of A and B layers was calculated using C layer as background. Based on the known typical volume of chimneys of the near sea area off Kueishantao, we calculated the volume of seawater that contributed trace element to chimneys formation to be about 6.37×10^4 L. This simple quantified estimate may help us better understand the seafloor hydrothermal activity and chimneys.
基金The authors are grateful for financial supports from the National Institutes of Health （Nos. R01GM080295 and 2R15GM066279）, the National Science Foundation （No. CHE-1112436）, the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and KTH--Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
文摘Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties has witnessed a rapid adoption of these materials for biomedical research and applications. Nanomaterials of various shapes and sizes having large specific surface areas can be used as multivalent scaffolds to present carbohydrate ligands. The resulting glyconanomaterials effectively amplify the glycan-mediated interactions, making it possible to use these materials for sensing, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies for the preparation of various glyconanomaterials. Examples are given where these glyconanomaterials have been used in sensing and differentiation of proteins and cells, as well as in imaging glycan-medicated cellular responses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11221063,11373004,11322329,41404150,and 11303049)Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2011CB811403)
文摘round-the-clock solar observations with full-disk coverage of vector magnetograms and multi-wavelength images demonstrate that solar active regions(ARs) are ultimately connected with magnetic field. Often two or more ARs are clustered, creating a favorable magnetic environment for the onset of coronal mass ejections(CMEs). In this work, we describe a new type of magnetic complex: cluster of solar ARs. An AR cluster is referred to as the close connection of two or more ARs which are located in nearly the same latitude and a narrow span of longitude. We illustrate three examples of AR clusters, each of which has two ARs connected and formed a common dome of magnetic flux system. They are clusters of NOAA(i.e., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) ARs 11226 & 11227, 11429 & 11430, and 11525 & 11524. In these AR clusters, CME initiations were often tied to the instability of the magnetic structures connecting two partner ARs, in the form of inter-connecting loops and/or channeling filaments between the two ARs. We show the evidence that, at least, some of the flare/CMEs in an AR cluster are not a phenomenon of a single AR, but the result of magnetic interaction in the whole AR cluster. The observations shed new light on understanding the mechanism(s) of solar activity. Instead of the simple bipolar topology as suggested by the so-called standard flare model, a multi-bipolar magnetic topology is more common to host the violent solar activity in solar atmosphere.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB944403)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (GrantNo. KSCX3-IOZ-1005)
文摘Corticosteroid-binding globulin(CBG) is a high-affinity plasma protein that transports glucocorticoids and progesterone.Others and we have reported non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) that influence CBG production or steroid-binding activity.However,no promoter polymorphisms affecting the transcription of human CBG gene(Cbg) have been reported.In the present study we investigated function implications of six promoter SNPs,including 26 C/G,54 C/T,144 G/C,161 A/G,205 C/A,and 443/444 AG/,five of which are located within the first 205 base pairs of 5'-flanking region and close to the highly conserved footprinted elements,TATA-box,or CCAAT-box.Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that basal activity of the promoter carrying 54 T or 161 G was significantly enhanced.The first three polymorphisms,26 C/G,54 C/T,and 144 G/C located close to the putative hepatic nuclear factor(HNF) 1 binding elements,altered the transactivation effect of HNF1.We also found a negative promoter response to dexamethasone-activated glucocorticoid receptor(GR),although none of the SNPs affected its transrepression function.Our results suggest that human Cbg 26 C/G,54 C/T,144 G/C,and 161 A/G promoter polymorphisms alter transcriptional activity,and further studies are awaited to explore their association with physiological and pathological conditions.
