[Objective]The aim was to select tartary buckwheat materials with high protein content.[Method]Used 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat as experimental material,and the protein content of seeds had been determined.[Result]T...[Objective]The aim was to select tartary buckwheat materials with high protein content.[Method]Used 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat as experimental material,and the protein content of seeds had been determined.[Result]The protein content of 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat will change in the range of 23.65-193.28 mg/g with an average of 111.85 mg/g.There was difference among different origins of tartary buckwheat.The seeds from Hezhang in Guizhou and Sichuan had highest protein content,while the seeds from Nayong had lowest protein content.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the further study on the genetic and variation law of protein content in different tartary buckwheat resources.展开更多
Abstract Four successive mass selection lines of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, selected for faster growth in breeding pro- grams in China were examined at ten polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the lev...Abstract Four successive mass selection lines of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, selected for faster growth in breeding pro- grams in China were examined at ten polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the level of allelic diversity and estimate the effective population size. These data were compared with those of their base population. The results showed that the genetic variation of the four generations were maintained at high levels with an average allelic richness of 18.8-20.6, and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.902-0.921. They were not reduced compared with those of their base population. Estimated effective population sizes based on temporal variances in microsatellite frequencies were smaller to that of sex ratio-corrected broodstock count estimates. Using a rela- tively large number ofbroodstock and keeping an equal sex ratio in the broodstock each generation may have contributed to retaining the original genetic diversity and maintaining relatively large effective population size. The results obtained in this study showed that the genetic variation was not affected greatly by mass selection progress and high genetic variation still existed in the mass selection lines, suggesting that there is still potential for increasing the gains in future generations of C. gigas. The present study provided im- portant information for future genetic improvement by selective breeding, and for the design of suitable management guidelines for genetic breeding of C. gigas.展开更多
The impact of temporal variation of rainfall on the relationship between rainfall and catchment response is investigated in a catchment with high temporally variable rainfalls and a high percentage of permeable soils ...The impact of temporal variation of rainfall on the relationship between rainfall and catchment response is investigated in a catchment with high temporally variable rainfalls and a high percentage of permeable soils in the southwest of Iran.Twenty-nine storm events are classified into two classes, High Temporal heterogeneous(HT) and Low Temporal heterogeneous(LT) events using the variogram technique and the storm events of each class are analyzed to detect the relationship between Curve Number(CN) and rainfall depth. It is found that there is not a similar correlation between CN values and rainfall depths for both temporally variable classes, and hence, two different responses can be observed in the catchment according to rainfall temporal heterogeneities. For HT events, a complacent behavior is detected in which the CNs decline as rainfall depth increases while a different response, violent behavior, is observed for LT events in which the CNs rise and asymptotically approach a constant value with increasing storm size. This considerable difference between CN-P relationships derived from the two temporally variable classes of rainfall is attributed to the provocation of different runoff generation mechanisms, infiltration-excess and saturation-excess caused by rainfall temporal heterogeneities. Moreover, the results support the validity of variogram technique to classify storm events into two LT and HT classes.展开更多
Slow trends in the RR interval(RRI) series should be removed in the preprocessing step to get a reliable result of heart rate variability(HRV) analysis. Re-sampling is required to convert the unevenly sampled RRI seri...Slow trends in the RR interval(RRI) series should be removed in the preprocessing step to get a reliable result of heart rate variability(HRV) analysis. Re-sampling is required to convert the unevenly sampled RRI series into evenly sampled time series when using the widely accepted smoothness priors approach(SPA). Noise is introduced in this process and the information quality is thus compromised. Empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and its variants, were introduced to directly process the unevenly sampled RRI series. Besides, a RR interval model was proposed to fascinate the introduction of standard metrics for the evaluation of the detrending performance. Based on standard metrics including signal-to-noise-ratio in d B(ISNR), mean square error(EMS), and percent root square difference(DPRS), the effectiveness of detrending methods in RR interval analysis were determined. Results demonstrate that complementary ensemble EMD(CEEMD, a variant of EMD) based method has a higher ISNR, a lower EMS and a lower DPRS as well as a better RRI series detrending performance compared with the SPA method, which would in turn lead to a more accurate HRV analysis.展开更多
Our expedition have identified location in the central part of Kosovo where were collected a samples （accessions） at coordinates; Sub-Locality SL-1 （N42°34′36″, E21°07′45″）, altitude 574 m, SL-2 （N4...Our expedition have identified location in the central part of Kosovo where were collected a samples （accessions） at coordinates; Sub-Locality SL-1 （N42°34′36″, E21°07′45″）, altitude 574 m, SL-2 （N42°34′29″, E 21°07′45″altitude 591 m and SL-3 （N42°34′30″, E21°07′46″） on altitude 565 m. The aim of present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability of quantitative and qualitative parameters. The populations from SL-2 were characterized of higher significance on seed oil （23.74%） and protein content （16.74%）. The estimation average value of seed protein and oil content was 15.52% and 23.48% respectively. The variability of plant height ranged from 182.33 cm to as much as 200.89 cm, while distinction＇s between them were ＋ 18.56 cm which was a significant higher at P〈0.05 probability level. The SL-3 showed the higher value of HWK （34.6 g）, head per plant （39.33） and head diameter （9.5 cm） but, was characterized significantly lowest on seed protein content （13.99%）. The all traits included in our investigations showed a higher genetic variability with majority of extreme values. The sunflower populations differed significantly in several parameters measured, they have a different genetic and morphological backgrounds. Results from wild sunflower form indicated notable differences in dispersion of important genes for different traits and showed the potential for using in future for breeding program.展开更多
In the Tibetan Plateau, many glaciers have extensive covers of supraglacial debris in their ablation zones, which affects glacier response to climate change by altering ice melting and spatial patterns of mass loss. I...In the Tibetan Plateau, many glaciers have extensive covers of supraglacial debris in their ablation zones, which affects glacier response to climate change by altering ice melting and spatial patterns of mass loss. Insufficient debris thickness data make it difficult to analyze regional debris-cover effects. Maritime glaciers of the Mount Gongga have been characterized by a substantial reduction in glacier area and ice mass in recent decades. The thermal property of the debris layer estimated from remotely sensed data reveals that debris-covered glaciers are dominant in this region, on which the proportion of debris cover to total glacier area varies from 1.74% to 53.0%. Using a physically-based debris-cover effect assessment model, we found that although the presence of supraglacial debris has a significant insulating effect on heavily debris-covered glaciers, il accelerates ice melting on -10.2% of total ablation zone and produces rapid wastage of -25% of the debris-covered glaciers, leading to the similar mass losses between the debris-covered and debris-free glaciers. Widespread debris cover also facilitates the development of active terminus regions. Regional differences in debris-cover effects are apparent, highlighting the im- portance of debris cover for understanding glacier mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau and other mountain ranges around the world.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or uti...Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982(n = 1 514), 1997(n = 1 651), and 2002(n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P(TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input,and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province[Qiankehe-J(2009)No.2108)]Guizhou Normal University Fund for Doctor(2008)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to select tartary buckwheat materials with high protein content.[Method]Used 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat as experimental material,and the protein content of seeds had been determined.[Result]The protein content of 35 kinds of tartary buckwheat will change in the range of 23.65-193.28 mg/g with an average of 111.85 mg/g.There was difference among different origins of tartary buckwheat.The seeds from Hezhang in Guizhou and Sichuan had highest protein content,while the seeds from Nayong had lowest protein content.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the further study on the genetic and variation law of protein content in different tartary buckwheat resources.
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2012AA10A405-6)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372524)Special Fund for Independent Innovation of Shandong Province (2013CX80202)
文摘Abstract Four successive mass selection lines of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, selected for faster growth in breeding pro- grams in China were examined at ten polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the level of allelic diversity and estimate the effective population size. These data were compared with those of their base population. The results showed that the genetic variation of the four generations were maintained at high levels with an average allelic richness of 18.8-20.6, and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.902-0.921. They were not reduced compared with those of their base population. Estimated effective population sizes based on temporal variances in microsatellite frequencies were smaller to that of sex ratio-corrected broodstock count estimates. Using a rela- tively large number ofbroodstock and keeping an equal sex ratio in the broodstock each generation may have contributed to retaining the original genetic diversity and maintaining relatively large effective population size. The results obtained in this study showed that the genetic variation was not affected greatly by mass selection progress and high genetic variation still existed in the mass selection lines, suggesting that there is still potential for increasing the gains in future generations of C. gigas. The present study provided im- portant information for future genetic improvement by selective breeding, and for the design of suitable management guidelines for genetic breeding of C. gigas.
文摘The impact of temporal variation of rainfall on the relationship between rainfall and catchment response is investigated in a catchment with high temporally variable rainfalls and a high percentage of permeable soils in the southwest of Iran.Twenty-nine storm events are classified into two classes, High Temporal heterogeneous(HT) and Low Temporal heterogeneous(LT) events using the variogram technique and the storm events of each class are analyzed to detect the relationship between Curve Number(CN) and rainfall depth. It is found that there is not a similar correlation between CN values and rainfall depths for both temporally variable classes, and hence, two different responses can be observed in the catchment according to rainfall temporal heterogeneities. For HT events, a complacent behavior is detected in which the CNs decline as rainfall depth increases while a different response, violent behavior, is observed for LT events in which the CNs rise and asymptotically approach a constant value with increasing storm size. This considerable difference between CN-P relationships derived from the two temporally variable classes of rainfall is attributed to the provocation of different runoff generation mechanisms, infiltration-excess and saturation-excess caused by rainfall temporal heterogeneities. Moreover, the results support the validity of variogram technique to classify storm events into two LT and HT classes.
基金Project(41227803)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(KF11011)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy(Tsinghua University),ChinaProject(DTNH22-08-C-00082)supported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,USA
文摘Slow trends in the RR interval(RRI) series should be removed in the preprocessing step to get a reliable result of heart rate variability(HRV) analysis. Re-sampling is required to convert the unevenly sampled RRI series into evenly sampled time series when using the widely accepted smoothness priors approach(SPA). Noise is introduced in this process and the information quality is thus compromised. Empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and its variants, were introduced to directly process the unevenly sampled RRI series. Besides, a RR interval model was proposed to fascinate the introduction of standard metrics for the evaluation of the detrending performance. Based on standard metrics including signal-to-noise-ratio in d B(ISNR), mean square error(EMS), and percent root square difference(DPRS), the effectiveness of detrending methods in RR interval analysis were determined. Results demonstrate that complementary ensemble EMD(CEEMD, a variant of EMD) based method has a higher ISNR, a lower EMS and a lower DPRS as well as a better RRI series detrending performance compared with the SPA method, which would in turn lead to a more accurate HRV analysis.
文摘Our expedition have identified location in the central part of Kosovo where were collected a samples （accessions） at coordinates; Sub-Locality SL-1 （N42°34′36″, E21°07′45″）, altitude 574 m, SL-2 （N42°34′29″, E 21°07′45″altitude 591 m and SL-3 （N42°34′30″, E21°07′46″） on altitude 565 m. The aim of present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability of quantitative and qualitative parameters. The populations from SL-2 were characterized of higher significance on seed oil （23.74%） and protein content （16.74%）. The estimation average value of seed protein and oil content was 15.52% and 23.48% respectively. The variability of plant height ranged from 182.33 cm to as much as 200.89 cm, while distinction＇s between them were ＋ 18.56 cm which was a significant higher at P〈0.05 probability level. The SL-3 showed the higher value of HWK （34.6 g）, head per plant （39.33） and head diameter （9.5 cm） but, was characterized significantly lowest on seed protein content （13.99%）. The all traits included in our investigations showed a higher genetic variability with majority of extreme values. The sunflower populations differed significantly in several parameters measured, they have a different genetic and morphological backgrounds. Results from wild sunflower form indicated notable differences in dispersion of important genes for different traits and showed the potential for using in future for breeding program.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2012BAC19B07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41190084)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) (Grant No. 2013FY111400)CREST Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency
文摘In the Tibetan Plateau, many glaciers have extensive covers of supraglacial debris in their ablation zones, which affects glacier response to climate change by altering ice melting and spatial patterns of mass loss. Insufficient debris thickness data make it difficult to analyze regional debris-cover effects. Maritime glaciers of the Mount Gongga have been characterized by a substantial reduction in glacier area and ice mass in recent decades. The thermal property of the debris layer estimated from remotely sensed data reveals that debris-covered glaciers are dominant in this region, on which the proportion of debris cover to total glacier area varies from 1.74% to 53.0%. Using a physically-based debris-cover effect assessment model, we found that although the presence of supraglacial debris has a significant insulating effect on heavily debris-covered glaciers, il accelerates ice melting on -10.2% of total ablation zone and produces rapid wastage of -25% of the debris-covered glaciers, leading to the similar mass losses between the debris-covered and debris-free glaciers. Widespread debris cover also facilitates the development of active terminus regions. Regional differences in debris-cover effects are apparent, highlighting the im- portance of debris cover for understanding glacier mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau and other mountain ranges around the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071299)the"Strategic Priority Research Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05050503)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (No. 2012BAD05B05-2)
文摘Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982(n = 1 514), 1997(n = 1 651), and 2002(n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P(TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input,and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational.
