Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo（Cuculus saturatus） on its host Blyth＇s Leaf Warbler（Phylloscopus reguloides） were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a whit...Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo（Cuculus saturatus） on its host Blyth＇s Leaf Warbler（Phylloscopus reguloides） were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a white egg with fine brown markings on the blunt end.The eggs were conspicuously bigger than the host＇s own,with 2.06 g in mass and 1.91 cm3 in volume.Visual modeling showed that the cuckoo eggs,which from the human eye appeared to mimic the host eggs to a great extent,were completely different from the host eggs in both hue and chroma.The characters of the Himalayan Cuckoo nestling,reported for the first time,included two triangular and black patches on its gape,which appeared from four days old and became darker with age and growth.While this character also exists in nestlings of Oriental Cuckoo（C.optatus）,it has not been found for other Cuculus species.Our results reveal cryptic aspects in the cuckoo-host egg color matching,which are not visible to the naked human eye,and indicate that high mimetic cuckoo eggs rejected by hosts,as determined by human observers in previous studies,might not be mimetic as birds see them.展开更多
The O-line model is usually applied to precipitation crystallography.Its application to investigation of martensite crystallography has received little attention.In this paper,the relationship between O-line model and...The O-line model is usually applied to precipitation crystallography.Its application to investigation of martensite crystallography has received little attention.In this paper,the relationship between O-line model and the prism matching model for martensite crystallography is established.The formulas in the O-line model are applicable to martensite crystallography.Analytical solution of the habit plane corresponding to the minimum shape strain has been derived.A calculation example of {3 10 15}f martensite in a ferrous alloy is provided.While the results are in agreement with the former models for martensite crystallography,the advantage of O-line model is that it offers analytical solutions,facilitating further systematic investigations.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(3086004431071938)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0111)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20110490967)funded project
文摘Brood parasitism and egg mimicry of Himalayan Cuckoo（Cuculus saturatus） on its host Blyth＇s Leaf Warbler（Phylloscopus reguloides） were studied in south-western China from April to July 2009.The cuckoo laid a white egg with fine brown markings on the blunt end.The eggs were conspicuously bigger than the host＇s own,with 2.06 g in mass and 1.91 cm3 in volume.Visual modeling showed that the cuckoo eggs,which from the human eye appeared to mimic the host eggs to a great extent,were completely different from the host eggs in both hue and chroma.The characters of the Himalayan Cuckoo nestling,reported for the first time,included two triangular and black patches on its gape,which appeared from four days old and became darker with age and growth.While this character also exists in nestlings of Oriental Cuckoo（C.optatus）,it has not been found for other Cuculus species.Our results reveal cryptic aspects in the cuckoo-host egg color matching,which are not visible to the naked human eye,and indicate that high mimetic cuckoo eggs rejected by hosts,as determined by human observers in previous studies,might not be mimetic as birds see them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50971076)
文摘The O-line model is usually applied to precipitation crystallography.Its application to investigation of martensite crystallography has received little attention.In this paper,the relationship between O-line model and the prism matching model for martensite crystallography is established.The formulas in the O-line model are applicable to martensite crystallography.Analytical solution of the habit plane corresponding to the minimum shape strain has been derived.A calculation example of {3 10 15}f martensite in a ferrous alloy is provided.While the results are in agreement with the former models for martensite crystallography,the advantage of O-line model is that it offers analytical solutions,facilitating further systematic investigations.
