[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of combined of manure and fertilizer on the content of nutrients in purplish soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities.[Method] The effects of manure and fertil...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of combined of manure and fertilizer on the content of nutrients in purplish soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities.[Method] The effects of manure and fertilizer application on the content of AOM,NH＋4-N and NO-3-N in soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities were studied by means of simulation culturing.[Result] In the treatments of combined application of simulation culture experiment,the content of active organic matters,NH＋4-N,NO-3-N and soil enzyme activities changed dynamically,which showed a shape of inverted ＂S＂ with two or more peaks.Compared with the treatment of fertilization,their peaks were relatively flat and occurred relatively late,while the treatment of fertilization had only one but the highest peak.The content of active organic matter came to top around 10 d in the order of cow5fertilizer5pig5fertilizer5cow manurepig manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱ;the activity of urease came to top around 10 d in all treatments and in the order of pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱpig5fertilizer5.The activity of saccharase was in the order of pig5fertilizer5pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manureCKfertilizer Ⅱfertilizer Ⅰ.[Conclusion] The study could provide the theoretical basis for reasonable application of manure and fertilizer.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study the circadian rhythm of nitrate re- ductase activity （NRA） in plant. [Method] The wheat plants at heading stage were used as the materials for the measurement of dynamic chang...[Objective] The research aimed to study the circadian rhythm of nitrate re- ductase activity （NRA） in plant. [Method] The wheat plants at heading stage were used as the materials for the measurement of dynamic changes of nitrate reductase activity （NRA） within 24 h under the conditions of constant high temperature. [Resulti The fluctuation of NRA in wheat changed greatly from 20：00 pm to 11：00 am. The enzyme activity remained constant, but at 14：00 the enzyme activity was the high- est, higher than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at11：00. The enzyme activity was the lowest of 17：00, which was lower than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at 2：00. [Conclusion] There were autonomous rhythm changes of NRA in wheat in a certain degree.展开更多
The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimicti...The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp. MPF activity was measured by using histone H1 as phosphorylation substrate. There were two similar oscillatory MPF kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes, but there existed some subtle difference between them. The subtle difference was that the first peak of MPF kinase activity was kept to a longerlasting time in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp than in the amphimictic colored crucian carp. It was suggested that the difference may be related to the spindle behavior changes, such as tripolar spindle formation and spindle rearrangement in the gynogenetic crucian carp.展开更多
Polyphenol oxidase, a bi-functional enzyme, has been implicated in enzymatic browning of yam and other tubers in a negative way. The objective of this present study was to examine the activity of polyphenol oxidase in...Polyphenol oxidase, a bi-functional enzyme, has been implicated in enzymatic browning of yam and other tubers in a negative way. The objective of this present study was to examine the activity of polyphenol oxidase in Dioscorea rotundata. Var. laasirin and the efficiency of heat and chemical treatments in inhibiting this enzyme. Crude Polyphenol Oxidase （PPO） of Dioscorea rotundata.Var. Laasirin was isolated and the kinetics studied using the lineweaver-burk plot. The activity of the enzyme was evaluated using spectrophotomeric method. Yam PPO catalyzes oxidation of various substrates with catechol being the most readily oxidized substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant （Km） and maximum reaction velocity （Vmax） for yam PPO were 0.00037 and 0.3125 respectively. Inhibition data showed that the enzyme had least activity （71.70） when blanched at 95℃ for 7 mins with chemical treatment involving a combination of 0.5% Sodium metabisulphite （Food grade） and 0.5% Ascorbic acid （Food grade）. The activity was highest （83.02） when it was blanched at 95 ℃ for 7 rains. This study has shown that it is possible to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity in white yam using the chemical pretreatments and processing conditions described in this study for possible adoption in the production of packaged frozen yam chips by food industries.展开更多
Objective： The association between gut microbiota composition and biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation was assessed in the elderly. Patients： Serum inflammation markers of fifty-five outpatients （29 fem...Objective： The association between gut microbiota composition and biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation was assessed in the elderly. Patients： Serum inflammation markers of fifty-five outpatients （29 females, 26 males, aged 78 ＋ 8.5 years） were analyzed. Stool specimens and thus data on gut microbiota were available from a subgroup of 23 individuals （9 females and 14 males）. Results： Global cerebral atrophy was found in all magnet resonance tomography scans. Mean mini-mental-score examination in Alzheimer＇s disease patients was 18.8 ± 7.1, in patients with mild cognitive impairment 27.8 ± 1.5. Serum neopterin concentrations correlated with concentrations of fecal S100A12 （p 〈 0.001） and cq-antitrypsin （p 〈 0.05）. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii correlated with MMSE （p 〈 0.05）, with Akkermansia muciniphila （p 〈 0.01） and with serum neopterin （p 〈 0.05）. Fecal zonulin correlated inversely with Clostridium cluster I （p 〈 0.02）. Conclusions： Our results underline earlier in vitro and animal studies that cognitive decline associates with age-related changes in the intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammation. However, only correlational evidence can be reported, and a causative relationship still has to be demonstrated.展开更多
Through water cultivating method, the dynamic changes of xylanase activity in seed, root and plumule of wheat with different As （III） concentration treatment were studied. The results indicated that the order of ave...Through water cultivating method, the dynamic changes of xylanase activity in seed, root and plumule of wheat with different As （III） concentration treatment were studied. The results indicated that the order of average xylanase activity was seed〉plumule〉root. With the increasing concentration of As （III）, the xylanase activity elevated first then dropped in seed, but it descended first then ascended in root and plumule. As the sampling time prolonged, the xylanase activity of seeds climbed first then dropped on the four as （III） concentration, the same trend also appeared in pulume, as the as （Ill） concentration went up, the xylanase activity moved up simultaneity. Semi-quantity Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was used in the study, the results indicated that, the xylanase gene began to express at 132 h on 0 mg/L As （III） concentration and at 120h on other concentration in the leaves of wheat.展开更多
The susceptibility of Sogatella furcifera female adults on N22 to malathion increased as feeding time prolonged, while the day change of susceptibility to isoprocarb showed a inverse tendency. The activities of es...The susceptibility of Sogatella furcifera female adults on N22 to malathion increased as feeding time prolonged, while the day change of susceptibility to isoprocarb showed a inverse tendency. The activities of esterase and carboxylesterase were induced significantly after on N22 for one day, and then declined. The non susceptible level of adults to insecticides and enzyme activities seemed to be heightened after feeding on ASD7, a variety resistant to Nilaparvata lugens. The total phenol content in rice leaf sheath was the highest in N22, and could be regarded as one of the factors, which caused chages in susceptibility of S. furcifera to insecticide after feeding different rice varieties. It was recommended that suitable insecticides and planthopper resistant varieties should be coordinately used in practice so that they contribute more effects respectively.展开更多
Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass （Lolium multifloram Lain.）...Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass （Lolium multifloram Lain.） on the removM of fiuoranthene from a sandy-loam alluvial soil were investigated in a 70-d microcosm experiment. The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates： without earthworms or ryegrass （control, CK）, with earthworms only （E）, with ryegrass only （P）, and with both earthworms and ryegrass （EP）. The residual fluoranthene, microbial biomass C, and polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil changed significantly （P 〈 0.01） with time. In general, the residual concentration of fluoranthene in the soil decreased sharply from 71.8-88.7 to 31.7-37.4 mg kg-1 in 14 d, and then decreased gradually to 19.7-30.5 mg kg-1 on the 70th d. The flu- oranthene concentration left in the soil was the least with both earthworms and ryegrass, compared to the other treatments at the end of the experiment. Half-life times of fluoranthene in the E, P, and EP treatments were 17.8%-36.3% smaller than that of CK. More fluoranthene was absorbed by earthworms than ryegrass. However, the total amounts of fluoranthene accumulated in both the ryegrass and earthworms were small, only accounting for 0.01%-1.20% of the lost fluoranthene. Therefore, we assumed that microbial degradation would play a dominant functional role in fluoranthene removal from soil. We found that earthworms significantly increased microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity （P 〈 0.01） in the presence of ryegrass at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly （P 〈 0.05） and negatively related to the residual fluoranthene concentration. This implied that earthworms might promote the removal of fluoranthene from soil via stimulating microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity.展开更多
基金Supported by"11th Five-Year Plan"National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2006BAD25B08)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of combined of manure and fertilizer on the content of nutrients in purplish soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities.[Method] The effects of manure and fertilizer application on the content of AOM,NH＋4-N and NO-3-N in soil as well as release dynamics of enzyme activities were studied by means of simulation culturing.[Result] In the treatments of combined application of simulation culture experiment,the content of active organic matters,NH＋4-N,NO-3-N and soil enzyme activities changed dynamically,which showed a shape of inverted ＂S＂ with two or more peaks.Compared with the treatment of fertilization,their peaks were relatively flat and occurred relatively late,while the treatment of fertilization had only one but the highest peak.The content of active organic matter came to top around 10 d in the order of cow5fertilizer5pig5fertilizer5cow manurepig manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱ;the activity of urease came to top around 10 d in all treatments and in the order of pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manurefertilizer Ⅰfertilizer Ⅱpig5fertilizer5.The activity of saccharase was in the order of pig5fertilizer5pig manurecow5fertilizer5cow manureCKfertilizer Ⅱfertilizer Ⅰ.[Conclusion] The study could provide the theoretical basis for reasonable application of manure and fertilizer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160254)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the circadian rhythm of nitrate re- ductase activity （NRA） in plant. [Method] The wheat plants at heading stage were used as the materials for the measurement of dynamic changes of nitrate reductase activity （NRA） within 24 h under the conditions of constant high temperature. [Resulti The fluctuation of NRA in wheat changed greatly from 20：00 pm to 11：00 am. The enzyme activity remained constant, but at 14：00 the enzyme activity was the high- est, higher than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at11：00. The enzyme activity was the lowest of 17：00, which was lower than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at 2：00. [Conclusion] There were autonomous rhythm changes of NRA in wheat in a certain degree.
文摘The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp. MPF activity was measured by using histone H1 as phosphorylation substrate. There were two similar oscillatory MPF kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes, but there existed some subtle difference between them. The subtle difference was that the first peak of MPF kinase activity was kept to a longerlasting time in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp than in the amphimictic colored crucian carp. It was suggested that the difference may be related to the spindle behavior changes, such as tripolar spindle formation and spindle rearrangement in the gynogenetic crucian carp.
文摘Polyphenol oxidase, a bi-functional enzyme, has been implicated in enzymatic browning of yam and other tubers in a negative way. The objective of this present study was to examine the activity of polyphenol oxidase in Dioscorea rotundata. Var. laasirin and the efficiency of heat and chemical treatments in inhibiting this enzyme. Crude Polyphenol Oxidase （PPO） of Dioscorea rotundata.Var. Laasirin was isolated and the kinetics studied using the lineweaver-burk plot. The activity of the enzyme was evaluated using spectrophotomeric method. Yam PPO catalyzes oxidation of various substrates with catechol being the most readily oxidized substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant （Km） and maximum reaction velocity （Vmax） for yam PPO were 0.00037 and 0.3125 respectively. Inhibition data showed that the enzyme had least activity （71.70） when blanched at 95℃ for 7 mins with chemical treatment involving a combination of 0.5% Sodium metabisulphite （Food grade） and 0.5% Ascorbic acid （Food grade）. The activity was highest （83.02） when it was blanched at 95 ℃ for 7 rains. This study has shown that it is possible to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity in white yam using the chemical pretreatments and processing conditions described in this study for possible adoption in the production of packaged frozen yam chips by food industries.
文摘Objective： The association between gut microbiota composition and biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation was assessed in the elderly. Patients： Serum inflammation markers of fifty-five outpatients （29 females, 26 males, aged 78 ＋ 8.5 years） were analyzed. Stool specimens and thus data on gut microbiota were available from a subgroup of 23 individuals （9 females and 14 males）. Results： Global cerebral atrophy was found in all magnet resonance tomography scans. Mean mini-mental-score examination in Alzheimer＇s disease patients was 18.8 ± 7.1, in patients with mild cognitive impairment 27.8 ± 1.5. Serum neopterin concentrations correlated with concentrations of fecal S100A12 （p 〈 0.001） and cq-antitrypsin （p 〈 0.05）. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii correlated with MMSE （p 〈 0.05）, with Akkermansia muciniphila （p 〈 0.01） and with serum neopterin （p 〈 0.05）. Fecal zonulin correlated inversely with Clostridium cluster I （p 〈 0.02）. Conclusions： Our results underline earlier in vitro and animal studies that cognitive decline associates with age-related changes in the intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammation. However, only correlational evidence can be reported, and a causative relationship still has to be demonstrated.
文摘Through water cultivating method, the dynamic changes of xylanase activity in seed, root and plumule of wheat with different As （III） concentration treatment were studied. The results indicated that the order of average xylanase activity was seed〉plumule〉root. With the increasing concentration of As （III）, the xylanase activity elevated first then dropped in seed, but it descended first then ascended in root and plumule. As the sampling time prolonged, the xylanase activity of seeds climbed first then dropped on the four as （III） concentration, the same trend also appeared in pulume, as the as （Ill） concentration went up, the xylanase activity moved up simultaneity. Semi-quantity Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was used in the study, the results indicated that, the xylanase gene began to express at 132 h on 0 mg/L As （III） concentration and at 120h on other concentration in the leaves of wheat.
文摘The susceptibility of Sogatella furcifera female adults on N22 to malathion increased as feeding time prolonged, while the day change of susceptibility to isoprocarb showed a inverse tendency. The activities of esterase and carboxylesterase were induced significantly after on N22 for one day, and then declined. The non susceptible level of adults to insecticides and enzyme activities seemed to be heightened after feeding on ASD7, a variety resistant to Nilaparvata lugens. The total phenol content in rice leaf sheath was the highest in N22, and could be regarded as one of the factors, which caused chages in susceptibility of S. furcifera to insecticide after feeding different rice varieties. It was recommended that suitable insecticides and planthopper resistant varieties should be coordinately used in practice so that they contribute more effects respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30900210 and 41171206)the Special Project for the National Soil Environmental Investigation of Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PADA) of China
文摘Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass （Lolium multifloram Lain.） on the removM of fiuoranthene from a sandy-loam alluvial soil were investigated in a 70-d microcosm experiment. The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates： without earthworms or ryegrass （control, CK）, with earthworms only （E）, with ryegrass only （P）, and with both earthworms and ryegrass （EP）. The residual fluoranthene, microbial biomass C, and polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil changed significantly （P 〈 0.01） with time. In general, the residual concentration of fluoranthene in the soil decreased sharply from 71.8-88.7 to 31.7-37.4 mg kg-1 in 14 d, and then decreased gradually to 19.7-30.5 mg kg-1 on the 70th d. The flu- oranthene concentration left in the soil was the least with both earthworms and ryegrass, compared to the other treatments at the end of the experiment. Half-life times of fluoranthene in the E, P, and EP treatments were 17.8%-36.3% smaller than that of CK. More fluoranthene was absorbed by earthworms than ryegrass. However, the total amounts of fluoranthene accumulated in both the ryegrass and earthworms were small, only accounting for 0.01%-1.20% of the lost fluoranthene. Therefore, we assumed that microbial degradation would play a dominant functional role in fluoranthene removal from soil. We found that earthworms significantly increased microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity （P 〈 0.01） in the presence of ryegrass at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly （P 〈 0.05） and negatively related to the residual fluoranthene concentration. This implied that earthworms might promote the removal of fluoranthene from soil via stimulating microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity.
