The complexes absorption of Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅴ) and Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅵ) have been studied in perchloric solution by spectrophotometric at 25℃.The results show that a special characteristic of actinide chemistry is their ability ...The complexes absorption of Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅴ) and Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅵ) have been studied in perchloric solution by spectrophotometric at 25℃.The results show that a special characteristic of actinide chemistry is their ability of formation of “cation cation” complexes in oxidation state(Ⅴ) by adding Np(Ⅴ) and Np(Ⅵ) into Np(Ⅴ) solution,respectively.The formation of these complexes obeys the law of mass action.According to the mass action law,the constants of complexation are calculated as K 1=3.20±0.13(mol·L -1 ) -1 and K 2=1.13±0.13(mol·L -1 ) -1 for Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅵ) and Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅴ),respectively.展开更多
Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the ab-se...Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the ab-sence of electrolyte. The effects of the characteristics of the cationic agent and the pretreatment conditions on dye-ability of reactive dye were investigated. The results showed that the fixation and K/S values of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were improved compared with those on the untreated one in the presence of salt. Tests on fast-ness properties of the dyed cotton and fabric quality of the pretreated cotton were carried out and the results showed that wash and rub fastness of the salt-free dyeing were both satisfactory. And anti-crease property,tensile and tear strength,and handling of the cationic cotton were also good compared with that of the untreated one.展开更多
Ferrocenium monocations as photoinitiators for cationic photopolymerization suffer from a limitation of low absorption and low reactivity under high-pressure Hg lamp. Here, a ferrocenium dication salt, biphenyl bis [...Ferrocenium monocations as photoinitiators for cationic photopolymerization suffer from a limitation of low absorption and low reactivity under high-pressure Hg lamp. Here, a ferrocenium dication salt, biphenyl bis [π-cyclopentadienyl）iron] hexafluorophosphate （[bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 was synthesized by the ligand exchange reaction between ferrocene and biphenyl. The chemical structure was characterized with FTIR and ^1HNMR. The separation of ferrocenium monocation cyclopentadien-iron-biphenyl hexafluorophosphate （[Cp-Fe-biphenyl] PF6） and dication [bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 was carried out by column chromatography. The photoactivity of initiating photopolyinerization of epoxide ER14221 was studied as a cationic photoinitiator. [Bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 can efficiently absorb radiation above 300nm and its photoactivity is higher than that of its monocation.展开更多
Currently, many organic materials are being considered as electrode materials and display good electrochemical behavior. However, the most critical issues related to the wide use of organic electrodes are their low th...Currently, many organic materials are being considered as electrode materials and display good electrochemical behavior. However, the most critical issues related to the wide use of organic electrodes are their low thermal stability and poor cycling performance due to their high solubility in electrolytes. Focusing on one of the most conventional carboxylate organic materials, namely lithium terephthalate Li2CsH4O4, we tackle these typical disadvantages via modifying its molecular structure by cation substitution. CaCsH4O4 and A12（C8H4O4）3 are prepared via a facile cation exchange reaction. Of these, CaCsH4O4 presents the best cycling performance with thermal stability up to 570℃ and capacity of 399 mA.h.g-1, without any capacity decay in the voltage window of 0.005-3.0 V. The molecular, crystal structure, and morphology of CaCsH4O4 are retained during cycling. This cation-substitution strategy brings new perspectives in the synthesis of new materials as well as broadening the applications of organic materials in Li/Na-ion batteries.展开更多
Interactions between microbes and minerals have the potential to contribute significantly to global cycles of various processes and serve as a link between the geosphere and life. Clays and clay minerals occur commonl...Interactions between microbes and minerals have the potential to contribute significantly to global cycles of various processes and serve as a link between the geosphere and life. Clays and clay minerals occur commonly in agriculturally utilized soils, are naturally grown underground （soil and rock） and are used in construction material. Clay minerals serve as natural, geological and technical barriers in geotechnics and environmental geotechnics. Bacteria in turn are ubiquitous in natural soils, subsoils and rocks and are in permanent contact with clay minerals. There are numerous ways in which bacteria can interact with clay minerals and alter them： dissolution, refinement and transformation, reduction of trace elements incorporated in the clay minerals and uptake of trace elements from these minerals, e.g., by the production of siderophores and chelators and enhancement or reduction of azisorbance of trace elements on clay minerals. In addition, bacteria can influence layer charge, cation exchange capacity （CEC）, exchangeable cations, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface, swelling and the rheological properties of clay minerals. The field of clay mineral-microorganism interaction is still wide open because of the large potential that the interactions of bacteria with clay minerals in soils and sediments may result in changes in clay mineral properties and behaviors. Fhrther detailed studies on all these tentative changes and underlying mechanisms as well as broad surveys of quantifications of extents and rates of clay mineral-microorganism interactions, especially in mimicking natural systems, are highly required. This review summarizes the influences of various bacteria on the properties of different clay minerals as determined experimentally using viable bacteria.展开更多
Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different ...Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments （not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely ground shell, finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell） to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high AI saturation. The trial was established in March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008 （separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil）. The soils were analyzed for pH, total C, total N, available P, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity and available micronutrients. Dry matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for nutrients. Application of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al were most noticeable in the rhizosphere. The amendment of Ca in the plant. saturation. The stability of pH over time was high. These effects also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration展开更多
文摘The complexes absorption of Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅴ) and Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅵ) have been studied in perchloric solution by spectrophotometric at 25℃.The results show that a special characteristic of actinide chemistry is their ability of formation of “cation cation” complexes in oxidation state(Ⅴ) by adding Np(Ⅴ) and Np(Ⅵ) into Np(Ⅴ) solution,respectively.The formation of these complexes obeys the law of mass action.According to the mass action law,the constants of complexation are calculated as K 1=3.20±0.13(mol·L -1 ) -1 and K 2=1.13±0.13(mol·L -1 ) -1 for Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅵ) and Np(Ⅴ) Np(Ⅴ),respectively.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar of China（20525620） the National Natural Science Foundation of China（20806013） the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovative Research Team in University（IRT 0711）
文摘Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the ab-sence of electrolyte. The effects of the characteristics of the cationic agent and the pretreatment conditions on dye-ability of reactive dye were investigated. The results showed that the fixation and K/S values of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were improved compared with those on the untreated one in the presence of salt. Tests on fast-ness properties of the dyed cotton and fabric quality of the pretreated cotton were carried out and the results showed that wash and rub fastness of the salt-free dyeing were both satisfactory. And anti-crease property,tensile and tear strength,and handling of the cationic cotton were also good compared with that of the untreated one.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20676012）.
文摘Ferrocenium monocations as photoinitiators for cationic photopolymerization suffer from a limitation of low absorption and low reactivity under high-pressure Hg lamp. Here, a ferrocenium dication salt, biphenyl bis [π-cyclopentadienyl）iron] hexafluorophosphate （[bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 was synthesized by the ligand exchange reaction between ferrocene and biphenyl. The chemical structure was characterized with FTIR and ^1HNMR. The separation of ferrocenium monocation cyclopentadien-iron-biphenyl hexafluorophosphate （[Cp-Fe-biphenyl] PF6） and dication [bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 was carried out by column chromatography. The photoactivity of initiating photopolyinerization of epoxide ER14221 was studied as a cationic photoinitiator. [Bis（Cp-Fe）-biphenyl] （PF6）2 can efficiently absorb radiation above 300nm and its photoactivity is higher than that of its monocation.
文摘Currently, many organic materials are being considered as electrode materials and display good electrochemical behavior. However, the most critical issues related to the wide use of organic electrodes are their low thermal stability and poor cycling performance due to their high solubility in electrolytes. Focusing on one of the most conventional carboxylate organic materials, namely lithium terephthalate Li2CsH4O4, we tackle these typical disadvantages via modifying its molecular structure by cation substitution. CaCsH4O4 and A12（C8H4O4）3 are prepared via a facile cation exchange reaction. Of these, CaCsH4O4 presents the best cycling performance with thermal stability up to 570℃ and capacity of 399 mA.h.g-1, without any capacity decay in the voltage window of 0.005-3.0 V. The molecular, crystal structure, and morphology of CaCsH4O4 are retained during cycling. This cation-substitution strategy brings new perspectives in the synthesis of new materials as well as broadening the applications of organic materials in Li/Na-ion batteries.
文摘Interactions between microbes and minerals have the potential to contribute significantly to global cycles of various processes and serve as a link between the geosphere and life. Clays and clay minerals occur commonly in agriculturally utilized soils, are naturally grown underground （soil and rock） and are used in construction material. Clay minerals serve as natural, geological and technical barriers in geotechnics and environmental geotechnics. Bacteria in turn are ubiquitous in natural soils, subsoils and rocks and are in permanent contact with clay minerals. There are numerous ways in which bacteria can interact with clay minerals and alter them： dissolution, refinement and transformation, reduction of trace elements incorporated in the clay minerals and uptake of trace elements from these minerals, e.g., by the production of siderophores and chelators and enhancement or reduction of azisorbance of trace elements on clay minerals. In addition, bacteria can influence layer charge, cation exchange capacity （CEC）, exchangeable cations, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface, swelling and the rheological properties of clay minerals. The field of clay mineral-microorganism interaction is still wide open because of the large potential that the interactions of bacteria with clay minerals in soils and sediments may result in changes in clay mineral properties and behaviors. Fhrther detailed studies on all these tentative changes and underlying mechanisms as well as broad surveys of quantifications of extents and rates of clay mineral-microorganism interactions, especially in mimicking natural systems, are highly required. This review summarizes the influences of various bacteria on the properties of different clay minerals as determined experimentally using viable bacteria.
基金Supported by the Government of Spain(No.CTM2005-05922)
文摘Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments （not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely ground shell, finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell） to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high AI saturation. The trial was established in March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008 （separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil）. The soils were analyzed for pH, total C, total N, available P, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity and available micronutrients. Dry matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for nutrients. Application of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al were most noticeable in the rhizosphere. The amendment of Ca in the plant. saturation. The stability of pH over time was high. These effects also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration
