提取南极阿德雷岛沉积物柱状样各层次的总DNA,利用PCR-RFLP方法,对沉积物中的细菌多样性及分布进行了研究,并探讨了它与环境的关系.结果表明,沉积物中的细菌多样性丰富,分属于8个类群,以CFB(Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides)类群和P...提取南极阿德雷岛沉积物柱状样各层次的总DNA,利用PCR-RFLP方法,对沉积物中的细菌多样性及分布进行了研究,并探讨了它与环境的关系.结果表明,沉积物中的细菌多样性丰富,分属于8个类群,以CFB(Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides)类群和Proteobacteria类群的β-,γ-亚群为主.在7 cm左右深度的沉积物中,可培养微生物和16 S rDNA序列多样性与其他深度的沉积物有明显不同,推测与环境的变化有关.同时还发现了大量与降解有机化合物相关的细菌,表明阿德雷岛的微生物生态系统已经受到了人类活动的影响.展开更多
El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Antarctic Peninsula.We used both historical penguin population dynamics data(1980–2012)and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppi...El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Antarctic Peninsula.We used both historical penguin population dynamics data(1980–2012)and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppings(1916–2001)on Ardley Island to examine the responses of the Antarctic ecosystem to ENSO(El Nin o/La Nin a)events.The results showed that during the last 30 years,climate,marine food chain changes,and human activity have significantly affected penguin population sizes on Ardley Island.The Chinstrap(Pygoscelis antarctica)and Ade′lie(P.adeliae)penguin populations showed a good correlation with ENSO events.The Chinstrap penguin population decreased significantly because it was more sensitive to increasing human disturbance(e.g.,scientific activity and tourism)than Ade′lie and Gentoo(P.papua),particularly during the breeding season.Compositional features of n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments revealed that organic matter came from lower terrestrial plants,bacteria and algae.C23was the main nalkane heavy hydrocarbon indicating mosses and lichens in the penguin’s diet.Variation in the ratio of nC23/nC17was closely correlated with ENSO events.The bacteria intrusion index(ratio of(iC15:0?aC15:0)/nC15:0for fatty acids)reflected significant increases in microorganism activity during several periods in this area.Meanwhile,the CPIA value for fatty acids decreased because micro-organisms contributed light hydrocarbon fatty acids to penguin droppings.Our results showed that the fine structure and molecular indices of fatty acids and n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments can be used to explain climate-driven microbial processes,and to reveal the important role that microbes and bacteria play in the relatively simple Antarctic ecosystem.展开更多
文摘提取南极阿德雷岛沉积物柱状样各层次的总DNA,利用PCR-RFLP方法,对沉积物中的细菌多样性及分布进行了研究,并探讨了它与环境的关系.结果表明,沉积物中的细菌多样性丰富,分属于8个类群,以CFB(Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides)类群和Proteobacteria类群的β-,γ-亚群为主.在7 cm左右深度的沉积物中,可培养微生物和16 S rDNA序列多样性与其他深度的沉积物有明显不同,推测与环境的变化有关.同时还发现了大量与降解有机化合物相关的细菌,表明阿德雷岛的微生物生态系统已经受到了人类活动的影响.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40876104 and 41306202)the scientific research fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration(JT1208 and JG1218)Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration Foundation(20110208)
文摘El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Antarctic Peninsula.We used both historical penguin population dynamics data(1980–2012)and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppings(1916–2001)on Ardley Island to examine the responses of the Antarctic ecosystem to ENSO(El Nin o/La Nin a)events.The results showed that during the last 30 years,climate,marine food chain changes,and human activity have significantly affected penguin population sizes on Ardley Island.The Chinstrap(Pygoscelis antarctica)and Ade′lie(P.adeliae)penguin populations showed a good correlation with ENSO events.The Chinstrap penguin population decreased significantly because it was more sensitive to increasing human disturbance(e.g.,scientific activity and tourism)than Ade′lie and Gentoo(P.papua),particularly during the breeding season.Compositional features of n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments revealed that organic matter came from lower terrestrial plants,bacteria and algae.C23was the main nalkane heavy hydrocarbon indicating mosses and lichens in the penguin’s diet.Variation in the ratio of nC23/nC17was closely correlated with ENSO events.The bacteria intrusion index(ratio of(iC15:0?aC15:0)/nC15:0for fatty acids)reflected significant increases in microorganism activity during several periods in this area.Meanwhile,the CPIA value for fatty acids decreased because micro-organisms contributed light hydrocarbon fatty acids to penguin droppings.Our results showed that the fine structure and molecular indices of fatty acids and n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments can be used to explain climate-driven microbial processes,and to reveal the important role that microbes and bacteria play in the relatively simple Antarctic ecosystem.
