Objective: To treat the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease, to explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of conventional western medicine combined with Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue...Objective: To treat the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease, to explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of conventional western medicine combined with Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue herbs, and to detect the level of serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and Ghrelin. Changes and significance. Methods: A randomized control method was used to collect 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2018.They were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method: 50 patients separately. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine and basic treatment;the observation group was treated with the addition and subtraction of traditional Chinese medicine formulas on the basis of the control group;the clinical curative effect was evaluated after two months of treatment, and the treatment efficiency and scores of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms were observed in the two groups. Basic laboratory indicators were improved, and serum levels of FGF-21 and Ghrelin in patients were measured and the difference between the results of the tests was compared with the condition and efficacy. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (86.0%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (68.0%) (P<0.05), suggesting that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment can significantly improve the clinical efficacy;before treatment,there is no difference between the two groups of Chinese medicine symptom scores (P>0.05). After treatment, the symptom scores of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (P<0.05). The observation group was better among the two groups (P<0.05).After treatment, the basic biochemical indicators were improved. The observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05);Serum FGF-21 levels were significantly lower in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and Ghrelin levels were significantly increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of conventional western medicine in combination with Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Chinese medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, effectively promote the improvement of symptoms, and can be used in clinical work through serum FGF-21, Ghrelin levels combined detection of the value of Abnormal changes to predict the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease severity and treatment effect should be widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Objective: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) may be viable targets for treating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Fuzheng Huayu recipe(FZHY), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine, is often used in China to treat fibrosis. T...Objective: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) may be viable targets for treating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Fuzheng Huayu recipe(FZHY), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine, is often used in China to treat fibrosis. This study sought to assess the mechanisms through which FZHY influences miRNAs to treat RIF.Methods: RIF was induced in rats by mercury chloride and treated with FZHY. Hydroxyproline content,Masson’s staining and type I collagen expression were used to evaluate renal collagen deposition.Renal miRNA profiles were evaluated using a miRNA microarray. Those miRNAs that were differentially expressed following FZHY treatment were identified and subjected to bioinformatic analyses. The miR-21 target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN) expression and AKT phosphorylation in kidney tissues were assessed via Western blotting. In addition, HK-2 human proximal tubule epithelial cells were treated using angiotensin II(Ang-II) to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT), followed by FZHY exposure. miR-21 and PTEN expressions were evaluated via quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), while E-cadherin and a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA) expressions were assessed by immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to assess PTEN and AKT phosphorylation.Results: FZHY significantly decreased kidney collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content and type I collagen level. The miRNA microarray identified 20 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in response to FZHY treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses found that miR-21 was the key fibrosis-related miRNA regulated by FZHY. FZHY also decreased PTEN expression and AKT phosphorylation in fibrotic kidneys. Results from in vitro tests also suggested that FZHY promoted E-cadherin upregulation and inhibited a-SMA expression in Ang-II-treated HK-2 cells, effectively reversing Ang-II-mediated EMT. We also determined that FZHY reduced miR-21 expression, increased PTEN expression and decreased AKT phosphorylation in these cells.Conclusion: miR-21 is the key fibrosis-related miRNA regulated by FZHY. The ability of FZHY to modulate miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling may be a viable approach for treating RIF.展开更多
ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang (PZH) on targeting partner of NOB1 (PNO1) and it’s down-stream mediators in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.MethodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction was ...ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang (PZH) on targeting partner of NOB1 (PNO1) and it’s down-stream mediators in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.MethodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine mRNA levels of PNO1, TP53, and CDKN1A. Western blotting was performed to determine protein levels of PNO1, p53, and p21. HCT-8 cells were transduced with a lentivirus over-expressing PNO1. Colony formation assay was used to detect cell survival in PNO1 overexpression of HCT-8 cells after PZH treatment. Cell-cycle distribution, cell viability and cell apoptosis were performed to identify the effect of PNO1 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-8 cells after PZH treatment. Xenograft BALB/c nude mice bearing HCT116 cells transduced with sh-PNO1 or sh-Ctrl lentivirus were evaluated. Western blot assay was performed to detect PNO1, p53, p21 and PCNA expression in tumor sections. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labling (TUNEL) assay was used to determine the apoptotic cells in tissues.ResultsPZH treatment decreased cell viability, down-regulated PNO1 expression, and up-regulated p53 and p21 expressions in HCT-8 cells (P<0.05). PNO1 overexpression attenuated the effects of PZH treatment, including the expression of p53 and p21, cell growth, cell viability, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro (P<0.05). PNO1 knockdown eliminated the effects of PZH treatment on tumor growth, inhibiting cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in vivo (P<0.05). Similarly, PNO1 knockdown attenuated the effects of PZH treatment on the down-regulation of PNO1 and up-regulation of p53 and p21 in vivo (P<0.05).ConclusionThe mechanism by which PZH induces its CRC anti-proliferative effect is at least in part by regulating the expression of PNO1 and its downstream targets p53 and p21.展开更多
The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate changes for the 21st century is both alarming and ambiguous.According to computer projections,global surface temperature may warm from...The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate changes for the 21st century is both alarming and ambiguous.According to computer projections,global surface temperature may warm from 1.3℃to 8.0℃by 2100,depending on the global climate model(GCM)and the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenario used for the simulations.Actual climate-change hazards are estimated to be high and very high if the global surface temperature rises,respectively,more than 2.0℃and 3.0℃above pre-industrial levels.Recent studies,however,showed that a substantial number of CMIP6 GCMs run“too hot”because they appear to be too sensitive to radiative forcing,and that the high/extreme emission scenarios SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 are to be rejected because judged to be unlikely and highly unlikely,respectively.Yet,the IPCC AR6 mostly focused on such alarmistic scenarios for risk assessments.This paper examines the impacts and risks of“realistic”climate change projections for the 21st century generated by assessing the theoretical models and integrating them with the existing empirical knowledge on global warming and the various natural cycles of climate change that have been recorded by a variety of scientists and historians.This is achieved by combining the SSP2-4.5 scenario(which is the most likely SSP according to the current policies reported by the International Energy Agency)and empirically optimized climate modeling.According to recent research,the GCM macro-ensemble that best hindcast the global surface warming observed from 1980 to 1990 to 2012–2022 should be made up of models that are characterized by a low equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)(1.5℃<ECS≤3.0℃),in contrast to the IPCC AR6 likely and very likely ECS ranges at 2.5–4.0℃and 2.0–5.0℃,respectively.I show that the low-ECS macro-GCM with the SSP2-4.5 scenario projects a global surface temperature warming of 1.68–3.09℃by 2080–2100 instead of 1.98–3.82℃obtained with the GCMs with ECS in the 2.5–4.0℃range.However,if the global surface temperature records are affected by significant non-climatic warm biases—as suggested by satellite-based lower troposphere temperature records and current studies on urban heat island effects—the same climate simulations should be scaled down by about 30%,resulting in a warming of about 1.18–2.16℃by 2080–2100.Furthermore,similar moderate warming estimates(1.15–2.52℃)are also projected by alternative empirically derived models that aim to recreate the decadal-to-millennial natural climatic oscillations,which the GCMs do not reproduce.The proposed methodologies aim to simulate hypothetical models supposed to optimally hindcast the actual available data.The obtained climate projections show that the expected global surface warming for the 21st-century will likely be mild,that is,no more than 2.5–3.0℃and,on average,likely below the 2.0℃threshold.This should allow for the mitigation and management of the most dangerous climate-change related hazards through appropriate low-cost adaptation policies.In conclusion,enforcing expensive decarbonization and net-zero emission scenarios,such as SSP1-2.6,is not required because the Paris Agreement temperature target of keeping global warming<2℃throughout the 21st century should be compatible also with moderate and pragmatic shared socioeconomic pathways such as the SSP2-4.5.展开更多
Theme: The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21 st CenturyDate:12-13 October, 2007Location: Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai, ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from...Theme: The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21 st CenturyDate:12-13 October, 2007Location: Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai, ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from American Medical Association (AMA), ChineseAcademy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Medical Association (CMA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Chinese HealthMinistry.展开更多
Theme:The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21st CenturyDate:12-13 October,2007Location:Shanghai International Convention Center,Shanghai,ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from Ameri...Theme:The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21st CenturyDate:12-13 October,2007Location:Shanghai International Convention Center,Shanghai,ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from American Medical Association(AMA),ChineseAcademy of Sciences(CAS),Chinese Medical Association(CMA),Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Chinese HealthMinistry.Category(1)Frontiers of Medicine-New technologies in clinical application,Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovation(2)Evidence-based large scale Clinical Study and Clinical Trials-Standardization,Quality Control and Mega-analyses展开更多
China's designation of the "21 st-century Maritime Silk Road"(MSR) region is of extraordinary significance to its maritime rights, transportation security, and socio-economic development. We developed a ...China's designation of the "21 st-century Maritime Silk Road"(MSR) region is of extraordinary significance to its maritime rights, transportation security, and socio-economic development. We developed a technical framework allowing the use of "big data" derived from the Automatic Identification System(AIS, an automatic ship-tracking network) for two purposes: the accurate mapping of oil tanker trajectories and the creation of heat maps showing the relative use of oil tanker routes and marine shipping chokepoints. We then applied these methods to 1.5 billion AIS records collected within the MSR in 2014 to statistically identify and analyze busy routes, areas, and chokepoints in this strategic region. Our results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide an effective analysis of oil movements based on large-scale AIS datasets, helping researchers and policy makers better understand the footprint and strategic implications of maritime oil transportation in the MSR region.展开更多
Purpose:We hope to provoke a conversation about preparing students for an uncertain future that unforeseeable technological innovations will transform in ways we cannot predict.The unprecedented disruption caused by t...Purpose:We hope to provoke a conversation about preparing students for an uncertain future that unforeseeable technological innovations will transform in ways we cannot predict.The unprecedented disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic makes this an opportune time to reconsiderall dimensions of education.Design/Approach/Methods:We present information on how technology is transforming virtually every aspect of our lives and the threats we face from social media,climate change,and growing inequality.We then analyze the adequacy of proposals for teaching new skills,such as 2Ist-Century Skills,to prepare students for a world of work that is changing at warp speed.Findings:Despite harbingers of a radically different future,most schools continue to operate much as they have for centuries,providing a one-size-fits-all education.Technology now enables an unprecedented degree of personalization.We can tailor learning opportunities to individual students'interests,talents,and potential with teachers serving as guides,resources,and critical friends.The Internet afford a cornucopia of learning opportunities-online courses,international experts,global collaborations,accessible databases,and libraries.Learning can occur virtually anywhere.Originality/Value:The future depends on decisions we are making today about education.The value of this article is that we call for rethinking every component of education rather than considering each element independently.展开更多
I stepped down as president of the Institute for Systems Biol- ogy （ISB） on Jan 1, 2018. As I think about my 17-year term as President, I am astounded at how much I have learned, not only about science but also abou...I stepped down as president of the Institute for Systems Biol- ogy （ISB） on Jan 1, 2018. As I think about my 17-year term as President, I am astounded at how much I have learned, not only about science but also about, among other things, what it takes to build a unique world-class institution.展开更多
文摘Objective: To treat the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease, to explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of conventional western medicine combined with Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue herbs, and to detect the level of serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and Ghrelin. Changes and significance. Methods: A randomized control method was used to collect 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2018.They were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method: 50 patients separately. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine and basic treatment;the observation group was treated with the addition and subtraction of traditional Chinese medicine formulas on the basis of the control group;the clinical curative effect was evaluated after two months of treatment, and the treatment efficiency and scores of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms were observed in the two groups. Basic laboratory indicators were improved, and serum levels of FGF-21 and Ghrelin in patients were measured and the difference between the results of the tests was compared with the condition and efficacy. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (86.0%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (68.0%) (P<0.05), suggesting that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment can significantly improve the clinical efficacy;before treatment,there is no difference between the two groups of Chinese medicine symptom scores (P>0.05). After treatment, the symptom scores of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (P<0.05). The observation group was better among the two groups (P<0.05).After treatment, the basic biochemical indicators were improved. The observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05);Serum FGF-21 levels were significantly lower in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and Ghrelin levels were significantly increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of conventional western medicine in combination with Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Chinese medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease can significantly improve the clinical efficacy, effectively promote the improvement of symptoms, and can be used in clinical work through serum FGF-21, Ghrelin levels combined detection of the value of Abnormal changes to predict the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease severity and treatment effect should be widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81573810,81270053,81530101)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015T80445)National Science&Technology Major Project “Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program” of China (No. 2019ZX09201001)。
文摘Objective: MicroRNAs(miRNAs) may be viable targets for treating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Fuzheng Huayu recipe(FZHY), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine, is often used in China to treat fibrosis. This study sought to assess the mechanisms through which FZHY influences miRNAs to treat RIF.Methods: RIF was induced in rats by mercury chloride and treated with FZHY. Hydroxyproline content,Masson’s staining and type I collagen expression were used to evaluate renal collagen deposition.Renal miRNA profiles were evaluated using a miRNA microarray. Those miRNAs that were differentially expressed following FZHY treatment were identified and subjected to bioinformatic analyses. The miR-21 target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN) expression and AKT phosphorylation in kidney tissues were assessed via Western blotting. In addition, HK-2 human proximal tubule epithelial cells were treated using angiotensin II(Ang-II) to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT), followed by FZHY exposure. miR-21 and PTEN expressions were evaluated via quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), while E-cadherin and a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA) expressions were assessed by immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to assess PTEN and AKT phosphorylation.Results: FZHY significantly decreased kidney collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content and type I collagen level. The miRNA microarray identified 20 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in response to FZHY treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses found that miR-21 was the key fibrosis-related miRNA regulated by FZHY. FZHY also decreased PTEN expression and AKT phosphorylation in fibrotic kidneys. Results from in vitro tests also suggested that FZHY promoted E-cadherin upregulation and inhibited a-SMA expression in Ang-II-treated HK-2 cells, effectively reversing Ang-II-mediated EMT. We also determined that FZHY reduced miR-21 expression, increased PTEN expression and decreased AKT phosphorylation in these cells.Conclusion: miR-21 is the key fibrosis-related miRNA regulated by FZHY. The ability of FZHY to modulate miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling may be a viable approach for treating RIF.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81803882,82274188 and 82274148)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J06026)。
文摘ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang (PZH) on targeting partner of NOB1 (PNO1) and it’s down-stream mediators in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.MethodsQuantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine mRNA levels of PNO1, TP53, and CDKN1A. Western blotting was performed to determine protein levels of PNO1, p53, and p21. HCT-8 cells were transduced with a lentivirus over-expressing PNO1. Colony formation assay was used to detect cell survival in PNO1 overexpression of HCT-8 cells after PZH treatment. Cell-cycle distribution, cell viability and cell apoptosis were performed to identify the effect of PNO1 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-8 cells after PZH treatment. Xenograft BALB/c nude mice bearing HCT116 cells transduced with sh-PNO1 or sh-Ctrl lentivirus were evaluated. Western blot assay was performed to detect PNO1, p53, p21 and PCNA expression in tumor sections. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labling (TUNEL) assay was used to determine the apoptotic cells in tissues.ResultsPZH treatment decreased cell viability, down-regulated PNO1 expression, and up-regulated p53 and p21 expressions in HCT-8 cells (P<0.05). PNO1 overexpression attenuated the effects of PZH treatment, including the expression of p53 and p21, cell growth, cell viability, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro (P<0.05). PNO1 knockdown eliminated the effects of PZH treatment on tumor growth, inhibiting cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in vivo (P<0.05). Similarly, PNO1 knockdown attenuated the effects of PZH treatment on the down-regulation of PNO1 and up-regulation of p53 and p21 in vivo (P<0.05).ConclusionThe mechanism by which PZH induces its CRC anti-proliferative effect is at least in part by regulating the expression of PNO1 and its downstream targets p53 and p21.
文摘The IPCC AR6 assessment of the impacts and risks associated with projected climate changes for the 21st century is both alarming and ambiguous.According to computer projections,global surface temperature may warm from 1.3℃to 8.0℃by 2100,depending on the global climate model(GCM)and the shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenario used for the simulations.Actual climate-change hazards are estimated to be high and very high if the global surface temperature rises,respectively,more than 2.0℃and 3.0℃above pre-industrial levels.Recent studies,however,showed that a substantial number of CMIP6 GCMs run“too hot”because they appear to be too sensitive to radiative forcing,and that the high/extreme emission scenarios SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 are to be rejected because judged to be unlikely and highly unlikely,respectively.Yet,the IPCC AR6 mostly focused on such alarmistic scenarios for risk assessments.This paper examines the impacts and risks of“realistic”climate change projections for the 21st century generated by assessing the theoretical models and integrating them with the existing empirical knowledge on global warming and the various natural cycles of climate change that have been recorded by a variety of scientists and historians.This is achieved by combining the SSP2-4.5 scenario(which is the most likely SSP according to the current policies reported by the International Energy Agency)and empirically optimized climate modeling.According to recent research,the GCM macro-ensemble that best hindcast the global surface warming observed from 1980 to 1990 to 2012–2022 should be made up of models that are characterized by a low equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)(1.5℃<ECS≤3.0℃),in contrast to the IPCC AR6 likely and very likely ECS ranges at 2.5–4.0℃and 2.0–5.0℃,respectively.I show that the low-ECS macro-GCM with the SSP2-4.5 scenario projects a global surface temperature warming of 1.68–3.09℃by 2080–2100 instead of 1.98–3.82℃obtained with the GCMs with ECS in the 2.5–4.0℃range.However,if the global surface temperature records are affected by significant non-climatic warm biases—as suggested by satellite-based lower troposphere temperature records and current studies on urban heat island effects—the same climate simulations should be scaled down by about 30%,resulting in a warming of about 1.18–2.16℃by 2080–2100.Furthermore,similar moderate warming estimates(1.15–2.52℃)are also projected by alternative empirically derived models that aim to recreate the decadal-to-millennial natural climatic oscillations,which the GCMs do not reproduce.The proposed methodologies aim to simulate hypothetical models supposed to optimally hindcast the actual available data.The obtained climate projections show that the expected global surface warming for the 21st-century will likely be mild,that is,no more than 2.5–3.0℃and,on average,likely below the 2.0℃threshold.This should allow for the mitigation and management of the most dangerous climate-change related hazards through appropriate low-cost adaptation policies.In conclusion,enforcing expensive decarbonization and net-zero emission scenarios,such as SSP1-2.6,is not required because the Paris Agreement temperature target of keeping global warming<2℃throughout the 21st century should be compatible also with moderate and pragmatic shared socioeconomic pathways such as the SSP2-4.5.
文摘Theme: The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21 st CenturyDate:12-13 October, 2007Location: Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai, ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from American Medical Association (AMA), ChineseAcademy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Medical Association (CMA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Chinese HealthMinistry.
文摘Theme:The 5th Sino-US Symposiums on Medicine in 21st CenturyDate:12-13 October,2007Location:Shanghai International Convention Center,Shanghai,ChinaThis symposium is participated by physicians and scientists from American Medical Association(AMA),ChineseAcademy of Sciences(CAS),Chinese Medical Association(CMA),Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Chinese HealthMinistry.Category(1)Frontiers of Medicine-New technologies in clinical application,Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovation(2)Evidence-based large scale Clinical Study and Clinical Trials-Standardization,Quality Control and Mega-analyses
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan(Grant No.2017YFB0504205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41622109,41371017)
文摘China's designation of the "21 st-century Maritime Silk Road"(MSR) region is of extraordinary significance to its maritime rights, transportation security, and socio-economic development. We developed a technical framework allowing the use of "big data" derived from the Automatic Identification System(AIS, an automatic ship-tracking network) for two purposes: the accurate mapping of oil tanker trajectories and the creation of heat maps showing the relative use of oil tanker routes and marine shipping chokepoints. We then applied these methods to 1.5 billion AIS records collected within the MSR in 2014 to statistically identify and analyze busy routes, areas, and chokepoints in this strategic region. Our results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide an effective analysis of oil movements based on large-scale AIS datasets, helping researchers and policy makers better understand the footprint and strategic implications of maritime oil transportation in the MSR region.
文摘Purpose:We hope to provoke a conversation about preparing students for an uncertain future that unforeseeable technological innovations will transform in ways we cannot predict.The unprecedented disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic makes this an opportune time to reconsiderall dimensions of education.Design/Approach/Methods:We present information on how technology is transforming virtually every aspect of our lives and the threats we face from social media,climate change,and growing inequality.We then analyze the adequacy of proposals for teaching new skills,such as 2Ist-Century Skills,to prepare students for a world of work that is changing at warp speed.Findings:Despite harbingers of a radically different future,most schools continue to operate much as they have for centuries,providing a one-size-fits-all education.Technology now enables an unprecedented degree of personalization.We can tailor learning opportunities to individual students'interests,talents,and potential with teachers serving as guides,resources,and critical friends.The Internet afford a cornucopia of learning opportunities-online courses,international experts,global collaborations,accessible databases,and libraries.Learning can occur virtually anywhere.Originality/Value:The future depends on decisions we are making today about education.The value of this article is that we call for rethinking every component of education rather than considering each element independently.
文摘I stepped down as president of the Institute for Systems Biol- ogy （ISB） on Jan 1, 2018. As I think about my 17-year term as President, I am astounded at how much I have learned, not only about science but also about, among other things, what it takes to build a unique world-class institution.
