目的:基于核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)信号通路探讨真武汤对脾肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病(DKD)小鼠肾脏氧化损伤的干预作用及机制。方法:将25只7周龄SPF级雄性db/m小鼠及95只7周龄SPF级雄性db/db...目的:基于核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)信号通路探讨真武汤对脾肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病(DKD)小鼠肾脏氧化损伤的干预作用及机制。方法:将25只7周龄SPF级雄性db/m小鼠及95只7周龄SPF级雄性db/db小鼠适应性喂养1周。db/m小鼠作为空白组,其余小鼠进行运用灌服生大黄溶液和氢化可的松制备脾肾阳虚型DKD模型,成模后随机分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组(25 mg·kg^(-1))、真武汤高、中、低剂量(33.8、16.9、8.45 g·kg^(-1))组,每组15只,连续灌胃8周。观察小鼠生存状态和计算中医证候评分并测定脾肾阳虚相关、空腹血糖(FBG)及肾功能相关指标;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察各组肾脏组织病理学改变;生化试剂盒法测定肾组织中氧化应激相关指标;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)、GPX4 m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠中医证候积分明显升高(P<0.05),雌二醇(E2)含量明显升高(P<0.05),睾酮(T)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)含量明显降低(P<0.05);FBG明显升高(P<0.05),肾功能明显下降(P<0.05);肾脏病理显示肾小球肥大,肾小球系膜和基底增厚明显,肾组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平均明显降低(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)的含量明显升高(P<0.05),肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、GPX4 m RNA及蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,真武汤高、中剂量组中医证候积分明显降低、E2含量明显降低(P<0.05),T、T3、T4含量明显升高(P<0.05);肾功能明显改善(P<0.05),肾脏病理明显改善,真武汤高、中剂量组小鼠肾组织中CAT、T-AOC、GSH水平均明显升高(P<0.05),MDA的含量明显下降(P<0.05),各给药组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、GPX4 m RNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:真武汤改善脾肾阳虚型db/db小鼠一般状态、肾功能,降低氧化损伤和减轻肾脏病理改变,其作用机制可能与调节Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4通路有关。展开更多
目的:研究清通化瘀汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤(C I R I)铁死亡相关基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、转铁蛋白(Tf)的影响,探究清通化瘀汤防治CIRI的作用机制。方法:240只健康雄性SD大鼠根据体质量随机分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、清通化瘀...目的:研究清通化瘀汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤(C I R I)铁死亡相关基因谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、转铁蛋白(Tf)的影响,探究清通化瘀汤防治CIRI的作用机制。方法:240只健康雄性SD大鼠根据体质量随机分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、清通化瘀汤组(2.01 g/kg)和通心络组(0.12 g/kg)。按术后再灌注取材时间点分为4个亚组,即3 h、24 h、3 d和7 d,每组12只。各组在制备模型前7 d开始灌胃相应蒸馏水和汤药,直至取材结束,在缺血2 h和取材前对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分,采用DCFH-DA法检测脑组织细胞中活性氧(ROS),根据组织铁含量检测试剂盒测量组织内铁含量的积累,采用免疫组化法检测大鼠缺血侧Tf阳性细胞的表达,采用蛋白免疫印迹法和实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠缺血侧GPX4、Tf蛋白及mRNA表达。结果:与空白组和假手术组比较,模型组ROS相对表达水平及Fe~(2+)含量明显升高,Tf蛋白及mRNA表达明显升高,GPX4蛋白及mRNA表达明显降低,Tf阳性细胞的表达明显增加。与模型组比较,清通化瘀汤组和通心络组ROS相对表达水平、Fe~(2+)含量、Tf阳性细胞、Tf蛋白及mRNA表达均显著降低(P<0.05),GPX4蛋白及mRNA表达显著升高(P<0.05)。与通心络组比较,清通化瘀汤对ROS,Fe~(2+)含量,Tf阳性细胞,Tf、GPX4蛋白与mRNA表达的影响更为显著(P<0.05)。结论:清通化瘀汤可以减缓ROS、Fe~(2+)的蓄积,下调Tf的表达和上调GPX4的表达,减轻CIRI,促进脑组织损伤的修复而发挥脑保护的作用。展开更多
Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of t...Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Additionally,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.Here,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated pathways.Clinical data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal controls.Further in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in schizophrenia.Studies indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce ferroptosis.Ongoing research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter activities.Moreover,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by ERVW-1.In conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.展开更多
文摘目的:基于核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)信号通路探讨真武汤对脾肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病(DKD)小鼠肾脏氧化损伤的干预作用及机制。方法:将25只7周龄SPF级雄性db/m小鼠及95只7周龄SPF级雄性db/db小鼠适应性喂养1周。db/m小鼠作为空白组,其余小鼠进行运用灌服生大黄溶液和氢化可的松制备脾肾阳虚型DKD模型,成模后随机分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组(25 mg·kg^(-1))、真武汤高、中、低剂量(33.8、16.9、8.45 g·kg^(-1))组,每组15只,连续灌胃8周。观察小鼠生存状态和计算中医证候评分并测定脾肾阳虚相关、空腹血糖(FBG)及肾功能相关指标;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察各组肾脏组织病理学改变;生化试剂盒法测定肾组织中氧化应激相关指标;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)、GPX4 m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠中医证候积分明显升高(P<0.05),雌二醇(E2)含量明显升高(P<0.05),睾酮(T)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)含量明显降低(P<0.05);FBG明显升高(P<0.05),肾功能明显下降(P<0.05);肾脏病理显示肾小球肥大,肾小球系膜和基底增厚明显,肾组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平均明显降低(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)的含量明显升高(P<0.05),肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、GPX4 m RNA及蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,真武汤高、中剂量组中医证候积分明显降低、E2含量明显降低(P<0.05),T、T3、T4含量明显升高(P<0.05);肾功能明显改善(P<0.05),肾脏病理明显改善,真武汤高、中剂量组小鼠肾组织中CAT、T-AOC、GSH水平均明显升高(P<0.05),MDA的含量明显下降(P<0.05),各给药组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、GPX4 m RNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:真武汤改善脾肾阳虚型db/db小鼠一般状态、肾功能,降低氧化损伤和减轻肾脏病理改变,其作用机制可能与调节Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4通路有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272321 and 81971943)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023kf0230)the Stanley Foundation from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(SMRI),United States(No.06R-1366).
文摘Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are remnants of retroviral infections in human germline cells from millions of years ago.Among these,ERVW-1(also known as HERV-W-ENV,ERVWE1,or ENVW)encodes the envelope protein of the HERV-W family,which contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.Additionally,neuropathological studies have revealed cell death and disruption of iron homeostasis in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.Here,our bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the human prefrontal cortex RNA microarray dataset(GSE53987)were mainly related to ferroptosis and its associated pathways.Clinical data demonstrated significantly lower expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes,particularly Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2),in schizophrenia patients compared to normal controls.Further in-depth analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between ERVW-1 expression and the levels of GPX4/SLC3A2 in schizophrenia.Studies indicated that ERVW-1 increased iron levels,malondialdehyde(MDA),and transferrin receptor protein 1(TFR1)expression while decreasing glutathione(GSH)levels and triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,suggesting that ERVW-1 can induce ferroptosis.Ongoing research has shown that ERVW-1 reduced the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2 by inhibiting their promoter activities.Moreover,Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),the ferroptosis inhibitor,reversed the iron accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss,as well as restored the expressions of ferroptosis markers GSH,MDA,and TFR1 induced by ERVW-1.In conclusion,ERVW-1 could promote ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of GPX4 and SLC3A2,revealing a novel mechanism by which ERVW-1 contributes to neuronal cell death in schizophrenia.
