The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun res...The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun reservoir, canal locks and navigation channel through the Isthmus of Panama tropical forests in the 1910s, chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides have been essential for controlling upland and wetland vegetation as well as managing mosquito-borne diseases. Chemicals and pesticides flowed into Lake Gatun via land surface runoff and subsurface drainage either attached to the sediment or in solution during the rainy season. Lake Gatun and the Panama Canal was the drinking water source for most of the civilian and military population living in the Panama Canal Zone. Between 1948 and 1999, US military base commanders had the ability to order, from the Federal Supply Catalog, commercially available herbicide 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD for use on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. The herbicide 2,4,5-T was transported to Panama Canal Zone ports, including the ports Cristobal on the Caribbean and Balboa on the Pacific, and distributed to the US military bases in Panama by rail or truck. The US National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for the Research on Cancer listed dioxin and TCDD as known human carcinogens. Dioxins are endocrine disrupters and can cause certain chloracne, cancers, developmental and reproductive effects. In 1985, the United States government banned the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD, after it was shown to cause cancer in animals. The objectives of this study are to determine: 1) the fate of dioxin TCDD, a contaminant in the herbicide 2,4,5-T, sprayed on the US military base vegetation in the Panama Canal Zone from 1948 to 1999, 2) the transport of dioxin TCDD rich sediment via soil erosion and overland flow into Lake Gatun and Panama Canal waterways and 3) the human health impacts of dioxin TCDD, a known carcinogen, on US military and Panamanian civilians exposed to dioxin TCDD in the Panama Canal Zone.展开更多
A rare earth Schiff base complex:lanthanum tris(N-phenylethyl-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldiminato)s [La(OPEBS)_3] was successfully applied as single component initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-...A rare earth Schiff base complex:lanthanum tris(N-phenylethyl-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldiminato)s [La(OPEBS)_3] was successfully applied as single component initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-one (PDO) in bulk.The influence of reaction conditions,such as polymerization temperature,the molar ratio of the monomer to initiator (M/I) on the monomer conversion and molecular weight of the polymer has been investigated.Poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) with a viscosity-average molecular weight (My...展开更多
目的通过检测IL-5与INF-γ在患儿的腺样体组织、中耳积液及血清中的表达,探讨其在儿童分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)发病机制中的作用。方法将2017年我科住院的符合条件的腺样体肥大患儿,随机分为单纯腺样体肥大组及腺...目的通过检测IL-5与INF-γ在患儿的腺样体组织、中耳积液及血清中的表达,探讨其在儿童分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)发病机制中的作用。方法将2017年我科住院的符合条件的腺样体肥大患儿,随机分为单纯腺样体肥大组及腺样体肥大伴OME组患儿各20例,检测OME患儿腺样体组织、中耳积液及血清中IL-5与INF-γ的表达,并进行比较。结果腺样体肥大组与OME组两组间比较腺样体组织中IL-5表达,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.211,P<0.05)。两组间比较血清中IL-5表达,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。伴发OME组内比较IL-5的表达:腺样体组织与血清比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.955,P<0.05)。腺样体组织与中耳积液比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.486,P<0.05)。血清与中耳积液比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腺样体肥大组与OME组两组间比较腺样体组织中INF-γ表达,差异无统计学意义(t=1.038,P>0.05)。两组间比较血清中INF-γ表达,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.509,P>0.05)。伴发OME组内比较INF-γ的表达:腺样体组织与血清比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.810,P<0.05)。腺样体组织与中耳积液比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.075,P<0.05)。血清与中耳积液比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.062,P>0.05)。结论 Th2型细胞因子活化亢进,Th2/Th1失衡,导致腺样体局部免疫异常,可能是儿童腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的重要发病基础。展开更多
文摘The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun reservoir, canal locks and navigation channel through the Isthmus of Panama tropical forests in the 1910s, chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides have been essential for controlling upland and wetland vegetation as well as managing mosquito-borne diseases. Chemicals and pesticides flowed into Lake Gatun via land surface runoff and subsurface drainage either attached to the sediment or in solution during the rainy season. Lake Gatun and the Panama Canal was the drinking water source for most of the civilian and military population living in the Panama Canal Zone. Between 1948 and 1999, US military base commanders had the ability to order, from the Federal Supply Catalog, commercially available herbicide 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD for use on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. The herbicide 2,4,5-T was transported to Panama Canal Zone ports, including the ports Cristobal on the Caribbean and Balboa on the Pacific, and distributed to the US military bases in Panama by rail or truck. The US National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for the Research on Cancer listed dioxin and TCDD as known human carcinogens. Dioxins are endocrine disrupters and can cause certain chloracne, cancers, developmental and reproductive effects. In 1985, the United States government banned the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD, after it was shown to cause cancer in animals. The objectives of this study are to determine: 1) the fate of dioxin TCDD, a contaminant in the herbicide 2,4,5-T, sprayed on the US military base vegetation in the Panama Canal Zone from 1948 to 1999, 2) the transport of dioxin TCDD rich sediment via soil erosion and overland flow into Lake Gatun and Panama Canal waterways and 3) the human health impacts of dioxin TCDD, a known carcinogen, on US military and Panamanian civilians exposed to dioxin TCDD in the Panama Canal Zone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key program,Nos.G20434020 and G20774078).
文摘A rare earth Schiff base complex:lanthanum tris(N-phenylethyl-3,5-di-t-butylsalicylaldiminato)s [La(OPEBS)_3] was successfully applied as single component initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-one (PDO) in bulk.The influence of reaction conditions,such as polymerization temperature,the molar ratio of the monomer to initiator (M/I) on the monomer conversion and molecular weight of the polymer has been investigated.Poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) with a viscosity-average molecular weight (My...
文摘目的通过检测IL-5与INF-γ在患儿的腺样体组织、中耳积液及血清中的表达,探讨其在儿童分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)发病机制中的作用。方法将2017年我科住院的符合条件的腺样体肥大患儿,随机分为单纯腺样体肥大组及腺样体肥大伴OME组患儿各20例,检测OME患儿腺样体组织、中耳积液及血清中IL-5与INF-γ的表达,并进行比较。结果腺样体肥大组与OME组两组间比较腺样体组织中IL-5表达,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.211,P<0.05)。两组间比较血清中IL-5表达,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。伴发OME组内比较IL-5的表达:腺样体组织与血清比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.955,P<0.05)。腺样体组织与中耳积液比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.486,P<0.05)。血清与中耳积液比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腺样体肥大组与OME组两组间比较腺样体组织中INF-γ表达,差异无统计学意义(t=1.038,P>0.05)。两组间比较血清中INF-γ表达,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.509,P>0.05)。伴发OME组内比较INF-γ的表达:腺样体组织与血清比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.810,P<0.05)。腺样体组织与中耳积液比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.075,P<0.05)。血清与中耳积液比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.062,P>0.05)。结论 Th2型细胞因子活化亢进,Th2/Th1失衡,导致腺样体局部免疫异常,可能是儿童腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的重要发病基础。
