Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper ana...Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.展开更多
The mechanization level of peanut production is the bottleneck restricting the development of peanut production in China,while integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery is an essential approach for improving ...The mechanization level of peanut production is the bottleneck restricting the development of peanut production in China,while integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery is an essential approach for improving mechanization level of peanut production. This paper elaborated requirements of peanut agronomy for agricultural machinery from peanut planting modes,land cultivation,sowing,harvesting,picking,and shelling,etc. Besides,it discussed requirements of agricultural machinery for agronomy from peanut seed quality,variety characteristics,planting modes,and soil condition. In addition,it analyzed existing problems and restricting factors of integration of peanut agronomy and agricultural machinery. Finally,it came up with recommendations for development strategies including increasing government fund input,optimizing industrial distribution,and multidisciplinary joint research.展开更多
Seedling emergence and seedling establishment are two important phases for the good crop stand and final maize crop harvest. A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultr...Seedling emergence and seedling establishment are two important phases for the good crop stand and final maize crop harvest. A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011. Experimental treatments include four tillage treatments (zero, minimum, conventional and deep tillage) and three poultry manure amendments (control (no manure), 5 Mg·ha-1 and 10 Mg·ha-1). Seedling emergence was linearly affected as the tillage intensity was increased. Significant relationship of tillage with leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter was recorded during the both years. Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 produced the higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter and grain yield as compared to 5 Mg·ha-1 and control. Moreover, experimental results concluded that the deep tillage practice has taken less time to start emergence. Similarly, higher values trend of leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation and grain yield was shifted from deep tillage to conventional, minimum and zero tillage practices during both years. Economically, the minimum tillage with poultry manure at rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 gave the better benefit to cost ratio and crop productivity as compared to conventional, deep and zero tillage. The experiment suggested the minimum tillage with poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 may ensure the maize grain yield sustainability.展开更多
The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,th...The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.展开更多
In order to start a new situation for the development of higher education in China,and to achieve the goal of educating people through the whole process and all-round education in colleges and universities,this paper ...In order to start a new situation for the development of higher education in China,and to achieve the goal of educating people through the whole process and all-round education in colleges and universities,this paper takes Crop Breeding Course as an example,from the characteristics of the curriculum,the history of crop breeding and the ideological and political elements of professional courses,explored the curriculum construction in the aspects of excavation,and summarized the effects of the ideological and political construction of Crop Breeding Course.展开更多
In order to study interactions between agronomic variables and chemical composition that determine the quality of tomato fruits, a group of statistical techniques were applied: discriminant analysis (DA), cluster anal...In order to study interactions between agronomic variables and chemical composition that determine the quality of tomato fruits, a group of statistical techniques were applied: discriminant analysis (DA), cluster analysis (CA) and princepal component analysis (PCA) combined with ANOVA. The results of DA when characterizing the agronomic parameters were successful, especially when the collection date was used as a factor for classification. CA showed the importance of the chemical variables related to the metabolic relationships, while the principal component analysis and ANOVA provide information on the interaction between variables related to the production and chemical composition of tomatoes. The combined use of PCA and ANOVA is a suitable tool for studying the complex interactions between agronomy and chemical composition. Collection date was the main agronomic parameter effected the chemical composition, while variety and production system had a minor effect. The application of PCAANOVA showed that the taste of tomato depends on three factors: sugars (glucose and fructose), acidity (citric, malic and ascobirc acids), and minerals (Na and Mg). For the tomatoes with same maturity degree, the taste depends on interaction of date collection and system production.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy field.In conventional paddy rice produc...A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy field.In conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and Controlled Irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy rice.In this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of China.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine treatments.The three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water treatment.The RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding Irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a control.The nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions.The lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at HD-HF.And the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at HD-LF.The Nanjing 44 rice variety was used.It was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy plots.Considering yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than CFI.Mulching under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor cost.In addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of pollution.On the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.展开更多
The inevitable rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration plays an important role in regulating the carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)cycling in the rice-cropping system.Elucidating the effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration(EC...The inevitable rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration plays an important role in regulating the carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)cycling in the rice-cropping system.Elucidating the effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration(ECO_(2))on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields is essential for evaluating agricultural production in response to global climate change.In this study,we conducted a global meta-analysis to assess the overall effect of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields,aiming at providing a guideline for sustainable C and N management in paddy fields under future climate conditions.The results showed that,overall,ECO_(2) significantly increased CH_(4) emissions from rice fields by 23%(P<0.05),but reduced N_(2)O emissions by 22%(P<0.05).With a long duration(>10 yr)of ECO_(2) ,ECO_(2) significantly reduced CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields by 27%and 53%,respectively(P<0.05).Along with the increasing levels of ECO_(2) ,the stimulating effect of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) emissions showed a trend of"weakening firstly and then strengthening",while its effect on N_(2)O emissions changed from stimulation to inhibition.Agronomy managements(e.g.,N application rates,straw incorporations,water regimes,and rice cultivars)affected the effects of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields.With no or half amount of straw incorporation,ECO_(2) increased CH_(4) emissions by 27% or 49%(P<0.05)from paddy fields,respectively,while non-significant effects on CH_(4) emissions from paddy fields were observed under full straw incorporation.With the increasing amount of straw incorporation,the reductions in N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields were enhanced by ECO_(2).Compared with a continuous flooding regime,intermittent irrigation weakened the promoted effect on CH_(4) emissions but stimulated the inhibited effect on N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields under ECO_(2).Therefore,under the future condition of ECO_(2),it is recommended to adopt the appropriate agricultural management measures,such as combining straw incorporation and intermittent irrigation,and optimizing N application and using rice cultivars of high-yield with lower emissions.In addition,it is necessary to conduct comprehensive studies at multiscale,with multi-factor,and by multi-method to effectively reduce the uncertainty of quantifying the response of CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields to future ECO_(2) .展开更多
基金Supported by Project of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education and Research Center Base for Revolutionary Spirit and Cultural Resources of the Communist Party of China in Zunyi Normal University(22KRIZYPY12)Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform and Cultivation Project of Zunyi Normal University in 2022(JGPY2022001)+1 种基金Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project of Guizhou Province in 2022(GZJG20220776)Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions Qianbei Modern Mountain High-efficiency Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements Transfer and Transformation Service Rural Revitalization Demonstration Base(Qian Jiao Ji[2022]No.067).
文摘Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.
基金Supported by People’s Livelihood Plan of Qingdao City(13-1-3-82-nsh)Special Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014CXZ11-2+4 种基金2014CXZ06-2)Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-05-021-04)National Science and Technology Support Program(2014BAD11B04)Key Application Technological Innovation Project of Agriculture in Shandong ProvinceChina Agricultural Research System(CARS-14)
文摘The mechanization level of peanut production is the bottleneck restricting the development of peanut production in China,while integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery is an essential approach for improving mechanization level of peanut production. This paper elaborated requirements of peanut agronomy for agricultural machinery from peanut planting modes,land cultivation,sowing,harvesting,picking,and shelling,etc. Besides,it discussed requirements of agricultural machinery for agronomy from peanut seed quality,variety characteristics,planting modes,and soil condition. In addition,it analyzed existing problems and restricting factors of integration of peanut agronomy and agricultural machinery. Finally,it came up with recommendations for development strategies including increasing government fund input,optimizing industrial distribution,and multidisciplinary joint research.
文摘Seedling emergence and seedling establishment are two important phases for the good crop stand and final maize crop harvest. A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011. Experimental treatments include four tillage treatments (zero, minimum, conventional and deep tillage) and three poultry manure amendments (control (no manure), 5 Mg·ha-1 and 10 Mg·ha-1). Seedling emergence was linearly affected as the tillage intensity was increased. Significant relationship of tillage with leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter was recorded during the both years. Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 produced the higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter and grain yield as compared to 5 Mg·ha-1 and control. Moreover, experimental results concluded that the deep tillage practice has taken less time to start emergence. Similarly, higher values trend of leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation and grain yield was shifted from deep tillage to conventional, minimum and zero tillage practices during both years. Economically, the minimum tillage with poultry manure at rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 gave the better benefit to cost ratio and crop productivity as compared to conventional, deep and zero tillage. The experiment suggested the minimum tillage with poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 may ensure the maize grain yield sustainability.
基金Supported by Project of Bohai Granary in Hebei Province(2013BAD05B0504)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(F17C10007-4)
文摘The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.
基金Project of Ideological and Political Construction of Crop Breeding Course in Hunan University of Arts and Science(J35020040).
文摘In order to start a new situation for the development of higher education in China,and to achieve the goal of educating people through the whole process and all-round education in colleges and universities,this paper takes Crop Breeding Course as an example,from the characteristics of the curriculum,the history of crop breeding and the ideological and political elements of professional courses,explored the curriculum construction in the aspects of excavation,and summarized the effects of the ideological and political construction of Crop Breeding Course.
文摘In order to study interactions between agronomic variables and chemical composition that determine the quality of tomato fruits, a group of statistical techniques were applied: discriminant analysis (DA), cluster analysis (CA) and princepal component analysis (PCA) combined with ANOVA. The results of DA when characterizing the agronomic parameters were successful, especially when the collection date was used as a factor for classification. CA showed the importance of the chemical variables related to the metabolic relationships, while the principal component analysis and ANOVA provide information on the interaction between variables related to the production and chemical composition of tomatoes. The combined use of PCA and ANOVA is a suitable tool for studying the complex interactions between agronomy and chemical composition. Collection date was the main agronomic parameter effected the chemical composition, while variety and production system had a minor effect. The application of PCAANOVA showed that the taste of tomato depends on three factors: sugars (glucose and fructose), acidity (citric, malic and ascobirc acids), and minerals (Na and Mg). For the tomatoes with same maturity degree, the taste depends on interaction of date collection and system production.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.51079042)the 111 Project of the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs,China(Grant No.B12032).
文摘A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy field.In conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and Controlled Irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy rice.In this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of China.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine treatments.The three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water treatment.The RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding Irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a control.The nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions.The lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at HD-HF.And the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at HD-LF.The Nanjing 44 rice variety was used.It was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy plots.Considering yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than CFI.Mulching under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor cost.In addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of pollution.On the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0300105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877325)the project of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2018349)。
文摘The inevitable rise of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration plays an important role in regulating the carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)cycling in the rice-cropping system.Elucidating the effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration(ECO_(2))on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields is essential for evaluating agricultural production in response to global climate change.In this study,we conducted a global meta-analysis to assess the overall effect of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields,aiming at providing a guideline for sustainable C and N management in paddy fields under future climate conditions.The results showed that,overall,ECO_(2) significantly increased CH_(4) emissions from rice fields by 23%(P<0.05),but reduced N_(2)O emissions by 22%(P<0.05).With a long duration(>10 yr)of ECO_(2) ,ECO_(2) significantly reduced CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields by 27%and 53%,respectively(P<0.05).Along with the increasing levels of ECO_(2) ,the stimulating effect of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) emissions showed a trend of"weakening firstly and then strengthening",while its effect on N_(2)O emissions changed from stimulation to inhibition.Agronomy managements(e.g.,N application rates,straw incorporations,water regimes,and rice cultivars)affected the effects of ECO_(2) on CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields.With no or half amount of straw incorporation,ECO_(2) increased CH_(4) emissions by 27% or 49%(P<0.05)from paddy fields,respectively,while non-significant effects on CH_(4) emissions from paddy fields were observed under full straw incorporation.With the increasing amount of straw incorporation,the reductions in N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields were enhanced by ECO_(2).Compared with a continuous flooding regime,intermittent irrigation weakened the promoted effect on CH_(4) emissions but stimulated the inhibited effect on N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields under ECO_(2).Therefore,under the future condition of ECO_(2),it is recommended to adopt the appropriate agricultural management measures,such as combining straw incorporation and intermittent irrigation,and optimizing N application and using rice cultivars of high-yield with lower emissions.In addition,it is necessary to conduct comprehensive studies at multiscale,with multi-factor,and by multi-method to effectively reduce the uncertainty of quantifying the response of CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields to future ECO_(2) .
