Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elemen...Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.展开更多
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great po...Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great potentiality as spice crop due to nutritive and medicinal values. The experiments were carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2011 to 2012 to determine optimum planting time for seed production of black cumin. The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V1: Exotic, Iran;V2: BARI kalozira-1;V3: Local, Faridpur and V4: Local, Natore. Factor B: sowing date: D1: 16 October;D2: 1 November;D3: 16 November and D4: 1 December. Therefore, treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Result revealed that significantly the highest 2.37 t/ha in V1, followed by V2 (1.96 t/ha). V2 and V3 (1.97 t/ha) were statistically similar and maximum yield was obtained from D2 (2.65 t/ha). In combined effect, maximum yield 3.00 t/ha was obtained in V1D2.. Investigation on time of sowing revealed that performance of black cumin was better in earlier sowings (16 October, 1 November) than later ones. The highest yield (4g plant-1;2.65 tha-1) was obtained when the crop was sown on 1 November. Among the genotypes, the exotic one with sowing in 1 November gave the highest seed yield (4.54 g·plant-1;3.00 t·ha-1).展开更多
湖泛是太湖蓝藻水华较为独特的灾害表征形式,也是危害湖泊生态服务功能的主要因素,认知其发生机制、演变特征对湖泊蓝藻水华灾害防控具有重要作用.本文基于2009-2017年江苏省水文部门逐年4-10月对太湖湖泛易发区现场巡查获得的湖泛发生...湖泛是太湖蓝藻水华较为独特的灾害表征形式,也是危害湖泊生态服务功能的主要因素,认知其发生机制、演变特征对湖泊蓝藻水华灾害防控具有重要作用.本文基于2009-2017年江苏省水文部门逐年4-10月对太湖湖泛易发区现场巡查获得的湖泛发生状况数据,结合期间水质、入湖水量、营养盐负荷等环境条件变化监测,分析了太湖水域湖泛发生的时空变化特征,研究了湖泛发生前后的环境因子变化规律,探讨了湖泛强度年际波动成因.结果表明,2009-2017年太湖共发现面积超过0.01 km^2的湖泛61起,年发生次数3~17次不等;湖泛发生位置主要集中在太湖湖西沿岸带,9年发生了32次,占总频次的一半以上;其次为梅梁湾;贡湖相对较少,而巡查的东部湖区未发现湖泛事件.通过对湖泛发生日与前10日的环境条件对比分析发现,湖泛发生前5天持续的高温、低压和低风速等气象条件有利于湖泛发生:气温连续高于25℃、气压低于101.0 k Pa,有利于诱发湖泛;主导风向为东南风也有利于太湖西北部蓝藻水华严重区域的湖泛发生;大量蓝藻水华物质是湖泛发生的重要物质基础:湖泛发生前10日,湖体平均藻密度基本在1500万cells/L以上.湖泛发生强度还受前一年营养盐外源负荷的影响,湖泛发生频次较高的年份,前一年总磷和总氮营养盐入湖负荷也均处于较高水平.研究表明,尽管2007年无锡贡湖水厂发生饮用水危机以来太湖流域已经开展了大量的水环境治理工程,但是截至目前,太湖的湖泛发生风险仍处于较高水平,在营养盐还未控制到较低水平之前,太湖的湖泛巡查与防控仍是十分必要和艰巨的任务.展开更多
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Programs on Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2012X0713-005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20118790)+2 种基金the 135 Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lim-nologyChinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y213518090)the Industry-University-Research Prosepective Joint Research Projects of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2011165)
文摘Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.
文摘Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;Family-Ranunculaceae) is an important spice crop. Mature seeds are consumed for edible and medical purposes and also used as a food additive and flavour. Seed of black cumin has great potentiality as spice crop due to nutritive and medicinal values. The experiments were carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2011 to 2012 to determine optimum planting time for seed production of black cumin. The experiment was two factorials. Factor A: 4 genotypes were V1: Exotic, Iran;V2: BARI kalozira-1;V3: Local, Faridpur and V4: Local, Natore. Factor B: sowing date: D1: 16 October;D2: 1 November;D3: 16 November and D4: 1 December. Therefore, treatment combinations were 16 in total. So, in 3 replications total plot was 48. Result revealed that significantly the highest 2.37 t/ha in V1, followed by V2 (1.96 t/ha). V2 and V3 (1.97 t/ha) were statistically similar and maximum yield was obtained from D2 (2.65 t/ha). In combined effect, maximum yield 3.00 t/ha was obtained in V1D2.. Investigation on time of sowing revealed that performance of black cumin was better in earlier sowings (16 October, 1 November) than later ones. The highest yield (4g plant-1;2.65 tha-1) was obtained when the crop was sown on 1 November. Among the genotypes, the exotic one with sowing in 1 November gave the highest seed yield (4.54 g·plant-1;3.00 t·ha-1).
文摘湖泛是太湖蓝藻水华较为独特的灾害表征形式,也是危害湖泊生态服务功能的主要因素,认知其发生机制、演变特征对湖泊蓝藻水华灾害防控具有重要作用.本文基于2009-2017年江苏省水文部门逐年4-10月对太湖湖泛易发区现场巡查获得的湖泛发生状况数据,结合期间水质、入湖水量、营养盐负荷等环境条件变化监测,分析了太湖水域湖泛发生的时空变化特征,研究了湖泛发生前后的环境因子变化规律,探讨了湖泛强度年际波动成因.结果表明,2009-2017年太湖共发现面积超过0.01 km^2的湖泛61起,年发生次数3~17次不等;湖泛发生位置主要集中在太湖湖西沿岸带,9年发生了32次,占总频次的一半以上;其次为梅梁湾;贡湖相对较少,而巡查的东部湖区未发现湖泛事件.通过对湖泛发生日与前10日的环境条件对比分析发现,湖泛发生前5天持续的高温、低压和低风速等气象条件有利于湖泛发生:气温连续高于25℃、气压低于101.0 k Pa,有利于诱发湖泛;主导风向为东南风也有利于太湖西北部蓝藻水华严重区域的湖泛发生;大量蓝藻水华物质是湖泛发生的重要物质基础:湖泛发生前10日,湖体平均藻密度基本在1500万cells/L以上.湖泛发生强度还受前一年营养盐外源负荷的影响,湖泛发生频次较高的年份,前一年总磷和总氮营养盐入湖负荷也均处于较高水平.研究表明,尽管2007年无锡贡湖水厂发生饮用水危机以来太湖流域已经开展了大量的水环境治理工程,但是截至目前,太湖的湖泛发生风险仍处于较高水平,在营养盐还未控制到较低水平之前,太湖的湖泛巡查与防控仍是十分必要和艰巨的任务.
