A patent is a kind of technical document to protect intellectual property for individuals or enterprises. Patentable idea generation is a crucial step for patent application and analogy is confirmed to be an effective...A patent is a kind of technical document to protect intellectual property for individuals or enterprises. Patentable idea generation is a crucial step for patent application and analogy is confirmed to be an effective technique to inspire creative ideas. Analogy?based design usually starts from representation of an analogy source and is followed by the retrieval of appropriate analogs, mapping of design knowledge and adaptation of target solution. To diffuse one core idea into other new contexts and achieve more patentable ideas, this paper mainly centered on the first two stages of analogy?based design and proposed a patentable ideation framework. The analogical information of the source system, including source design problems and solution, was mined comprehensively through International Patent Classification analysis and represented in the form of function, behavior and structure. Three heuristics were suggested for searching the set of candidate target systems with a similar design problem, where the source design could be transferred. To systematize the process of source representation, analogs retrieval, idea transfer, and solution generation, an ideation model was put forward. Finally, the bladeless fan was selected as a source design to illustrate the application of this work. The design output shows that the representation and heuristics are beneficial, and this systematic ideation method can help the engineer or designer enhance creativity and discover more patentable opportunities.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of tod...Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of today is less than one ten-thousandth of the estimate forty years ago.The NGH researches in China started relatively late,but achievements have been made in the South China Sea(SCS)in the past two decades.Thirty-five studies had been carried out to evaluate NGH resource,and results showed a flat trend,ranging from 60 to 90 billion tons of oil equivalent,which was 2-3 times of the evaluation results of technical recoverable oil and gas resources in the SCS.The big difference is that the previous 35 group of NGH resource evaluations for the SCS only refers to the prospective gas resource with low grade level and high uncertainty,which cannot be used to guide exploration or researches on development strategies.Based on the analogy with the genetic mechanism of conventional oil and gas resources,this study adopts the newly proposed genetic method and geological analogy method to evaluate the NGH resource.Results show that the conventional oil and gas resources are 346.29×10^(8)t,the volume of NGH and free dynamic field are 25.19×10^(4)km^(3) and(2.05-2.48)×10^(6)km^(3),and the total amount of in-situ NGH resources in the SCS is about(4.47-6.02)×10^(12)m^(3).It is considered that the resource of hydrate should not exceed that of conventional oil and gas,so it is 30 times lower than the previous estimate.This study provides a more reliable geological basis for further NGH exploration and development.展开更多
The integral heat model for the system of the Earth’s surface—the atmosphere—the open space based on the electrical circuit analogy is presented. Mathematical models of the heat balance for this system are proposed...The integral heat model for the system of the Earth’s surface—the atmosphere—the open space based on the electrical circuit analogy is presented. Mathematical models of the heat balance for this system are proposed. Heat circuit which is analog of the electrical circuit for investigating the temperature dependencies on the key parameters in the clear form is presented.展开更多
The geologic analogy expert system of oil-generating depressions(GAESOD)constructed on IBM386 by using GCLISP language is a tool-type expert system for geologic analogy.GAESOD consists ofeight parts:(1)illustrating mo...The geologic analogy expert system of oil-generating depressions(GAESOD)constructed on IBM386 by using GCLISP language is a tool-type expert system for geologic analogy.GAESOD consists ofeight parts:(1)illustrating module of system;(2)general controlling module;(3)knowledge base;(4)rea-soning module;(5 )data base;(6)explanation module;(7)gaining and managing module of knowledge;(8)managing module of data base.There are 36 known models of oil—generating depressions of the eastern partand me continental shelf of China in the knowledge base.Three values,such as resemblance coefficient,cer-tainty factor and fine-poor coefficient,will be acquired if this system is applied to any two oil-generatingdepressions.Finally,GAESOD are applied to the analysis of some data from Xichang depression,Hepubasin and the conclusions from this system are consistent with the results from geologic experts.展开更多
An M-metric least square method for polynomial analogy is presented. The relative normal eqUation is of diagonal form, such that the concise solution formula is explicit, and it is suitable to Parallel computation. On...An M-metric least square method for polynomial analogy is presented. The relative normal eqUation is of diagonal form, such that the concise solution formula is explicit, and it is suitable to Parallel computation. On the other hand, by error analysis of a typical example, we can see that the presented method is reliable.展开更多
This paper aims to design an optimized blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine(HWAT).Since airfoil is a basic component of blade design,an optimized airfoil(referred as SJX)was proposed based on the line theory through...This paper aims to design an optimized blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine(HWAT).Since airfoil is a basic component of blade design,an optimized airfoil(referred as SJX)was proposed based on the line theory through the weight analogy to pressure distribution of air flow.Its lift,drag,lift⁃to⁃drag ratio were compared with those NACA2409⁃34,NACA2410,and RK40 airfoils by using Profili software at fixed wind velocity and under different angles of attack.The NACA2409⁃34 airfoil was found to be greatly similar with the SJX airfoil.Based on the Wilson method,blades using SJX and NACA2490⁃34 airfoils were developed and different performance parameters such as velocity distribution,pressure distribution,and power were compared under variable wind velocities and different angles of attack ranging from-4°to 6°at different radius from the center of rotor using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in ANSYS FLUENT.Results of the study suggested that the performance of the SJX based airfoil and blade was much more optimized.展开更多
We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the numb...We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.展开更多
Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PS...Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PSS developed in one area (i.e., mental health) could be applied to another area (i.e., maternal health) and whether new PSS could develop in response to PSS gained in another area. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted using interviews. We interviewed 27 consultations from eight Japanese PHNs who consulted in mental health departments before transferring to maternal health departments. The data on how PHNs applied PSS in the selection, mapping, evaluation, and learning stages of the analogy process were extracted from transcribed interviewed data and compared. Results: PHNs provided 59 PSS used in 27 consultations. All PHNs applied past mental health PSS to solve new problems in maternal health. They tended to select past PSS based on structural similarity and to apply PSS via low-level abstraction in serious situations or preventively to avoid causing the current situation to worsen. Notably, PHNs developed maternal health PSS by using past mental health PSS;these new PSS were derived through analogy from various failures and successes. Conclusions: PSS developed in one area can be applied in another area, and new PSS can develop through applying these previous PSS. Identification of structural similarities and preventive analogies must be included in nursing education, especially for nurses working in public health fields.展开更多
In this paper, one of analogies available in the literature between movement of a material particle and ray propagation of a sound in liquid is used. By means of the equations of Hamilton describing movement of a mate...In this paper, one of analogies available in the literature between movement of a material particle and ray propagation of a sound in liquid is used. By means of the equations of Hamilton describing movement of a material particle, analytical expression of a tangent to a trajectory of a sound ray at non-uniform ocean on depth is received. The received expression for a tangent differs from traditional one, defined under law Snelius. Calculation of trajectories, and also other characteristics of a sound field is carried out by two methods: first—traditional, under law Snelius, and second—by the analogy to mechanics method. Calculations are made for canonical type of the sound channel. In the region near to horizontal rays, both methods yield close results, and in the region of steep slope, the small distinction is observed.展开更多
In this study, a model for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) was developed using electrical resistance analogy by relating the rate at which water flows to the current of charge to determine Sludge Filtration Resista...In this study, a model for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) was developed using electrical resistance analogy by relating the rate at which water flows to the current of charge to determine Sludge Filtration Resistance using a typical single Electrical Resistance from a Direct Current Circuit. Synthetic sludge was successfully formulated for experimental purposes. The advantage of using synthetic sludge was that they permitted experiments to be performed on stable samples with known physical and chemical properties not subject to degradation by microbial activity. The result from the present study indicates the effect of conditioner on synthetic sludge filtration at variable pressure for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) and the trends in the results indicated that SFR reduces with increase in the concentration of dissolved salt (CaCl2). The linearity observed between plot of volume of filtrate versus time of filtration by correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9292 (Figure 1) for 10 g of CaCl2 and R2 = 0.9294 (Figure 2) for 18 g of CaCl2. It is evident from the calculated values that they are very strong and have testified that the effect of conditioner on synthetic sludge filtration at variable pressure for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) using electrical resistance analogy is very satisfactory. When compared the existing data from SFR with other measure of filterability calculated using Carman’s equation to validate the model, it was observed that specific resistance decreases as the concentration of CaCl2 (dissolved salt) increases which agrees with SFR.展开更多
The cross product in Euclidean space IR3 is an operation in which two vectors are associated to generate a third vector, also in space IR3. This product can be studied rewriting its basic equations in a matrix structu...The cross product in Euclidean space IR3 is an operation in which two vectors are associated to generate a third vector, also in space IR3. This product can be studied rewriting its basic equations in a matrix structure, more specifically in terms of determinants. Such a structure allows extending, for analogy, the ideas of the cross product for a type of the product of vectors in higher dimensions, through the systematic increase of the number of rows and columns in determinants that constitute the equations. So, in a n-dimensional space with Euclidean norm, we can associate n – 1 vectors and to obtain an n-th vector, with the same geometric characteristics of the product in three dimensions. This kind of operation is also a geometric interpretation of the product defined by Eckman [1]. The same analogies are also useful in the verification of algebraic properties of such products, based?on known properties of determinants.展开更多
According to LN?,theoretical&true elongation of tensile,and by adopting the increasing function of formulas with the derivation and analogy methods,the elongation formula of 0<(1+ε)^1/ε<e&0<ε^1/ε&...According to LN?,theoretical&true elongation of tensile,and by adopting the increasing function of formulas with the derivation and analogy methods,the elongation formula of 0<(1+ε)^1/ε<e&0<ε^1/ε<1&four convergences are deduced too whenε>1 and 0<ε<1.The inequalities of LNε<εand LN(1+ε)<εand LN(1+ε)>LNεare deduced ifε>1 and 0<ε<1 in material dynamics.Finally the conclusions of LNε<εand LNε<LN(1+ε)<εare deduced together ifε>1 and 0<ε<1.展开更多
Compared with endoreversible heat engine with pure heat transfer and endoreversible isothermal chemical engine with pure mass transfer,endoreversible non-isothermal chemical engine(ENICE)is a more reasonable model of ...Compared with endoreversible heat engine with pure heat transfer and endoreversible isothermal chemical engine with pure mass transfer,endoreversible non-isothermal chemical engine(ENICE)is a more reasonable model of practical mass exchanger,solid device and chemo-electric systems.There exists heat and mass transfer(HMT)simultaneously between working fluid and chemical potential reservoir in ENICE.There is coupled HMT effect that in ENICE should be considered.There are two ways to consider this coupled effect.One is based on Onsager equations,and another is based on Lewis analogy.For the mathematical and physical description of the above HMT process,the model using Onsager equations are more appropriate in the linear HMT region not far from the equilibrium state,while that based on Lewis analogy is more appropriate in nonlinear HMT region far from the equilibrium state.Different from the previous research on the power optimization of ENICEs with Onsager equations,this paper optimizes power and efficiency of ENICE based on Lewis analogy.HMT processes are assumed to obey Newtonian heat transfer law(q∝ΔT,and T is temperature)and Fick's diffusive mass transfer law(g∝Δc,and c is concentration),respectively.Analytical results of power output and corresponding vector efficiency(η_(T)andη_(μ))of ENICE are obtained,which provide important parallel results with those based on Onsager equations.They include special cases for endoreversible Carnot heat engine with q∝ΔT and endoreversible isothermal chemical engine with g∝Δc.Adopting Lewis analogy in the modelling of ENICEs with simultaneous HMT is an important work.It provides important analytical and numerical results different from those with Onsager equations obtained previously and enriches the research contents of FTT.The research results in this paper have a certain guiding significance for the optimal designs of single irreversible NICEs,multistage NICE systems,practical mass exchangers,solid devices,chemo-electric systems,and so on.展开更多
Considering from point of view of the dynamics,it is convenient to regard the field to be predictedas a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field,and thus the statistical technique can beused in c...Considering from point of view of the dynamics,it is convenient to regard the field to be predictedas a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field,and thus the statistical technique can beused in combining with the dynamics.Along this line,a coupled atmosphere-earth surface analogy-dynamicalmodel is formulated and applied to making monthly prediction.This approach facilitated the utility of the useful information contained in both the historical data setand the initial field to improve the dynamic model based solo on the latter and show better skill in prediction.展开更多
The coupling effects among lateral mode,longitudinal mode and torsional mode of a launch vehicle cannot be taken into account in traditional dynamic analysis using lateral beam model and longitudinal spring-mass model...The coupling effects among lateral mode,longitudinal mode and torsional mode of a launch vehicle cannot be taken into account in traditional dynamic analysis using lateral beam model and longitudinal spring-mass model individually.To deal with the problem,propellant analogy methods based on beam model are proposed and coupled mass-matrix of liquid propellant is constructed through additional mass in the present study.Then an integrated model of launch vehicle for free vibration analysis is established,by which research on the interactions between longitudinal and lateral modes,longitudinal and torsional modes of the launch vehicle can be implemented.Numerical examples for tandem tanks validate the present method and its necessity.展开更多
From the viewpoint of dynamics, it is convenient to regard the field to be predicted as a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field, and thus the statistical technique can be used in combining wit...From the viewpoint of dynamics, it is convenient to regard the field to be predicted as a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field, and thus the statistical technique can be used in combining with the dynamics. Along this line, a coupled atmosphere-earth surface analogy-dynamical model is formulated and applied to making eight seasonal predictions. All of the predictions were initiated from January and have been made from February to August of 1981 to 1988. The experiments of eight-year predictions show certain skill in seasonal prediction, and the skill scores of prediction are greater than those of single statistical analogy forecast.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)is an effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.However,it may cause severe postop...BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)is an effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.However,it may cause severe postoperative pain and inflammatory responses.The paravertebral block(PVB)is a regional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia to the thoracic and abdominal regions.AIM To evaluate the effect of PVB on postoperative analgesia and inflammatory response in patients undergoing TACE combined with MWA for advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.METHODS Sixty patients were randomly divided into PVB and control groups.The PVB group received ultrasound-guided PVB with 0.375%ropivacaine preoperatively,whereas the control group received intravenous analgesia with sufentanil.The primary outcome was the visual analog scale(VAS)score for pain at 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h after the procedure.Secondary outcomes were the dose of sufentanil used,incidence of adverse events,and levels of inflammatory markers(white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin)before and after the procedure.RESULTS The PVB group had significantly lower VAS scores at 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h after the procedure compared with the control group(P<0.05).The PVB group also had a significantly lower consumption of sufentanil and a lower incidence of nausea,vomiting,and respiratory depression than did the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the PVB group had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers 24 h and 48 h after the procedure(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PVB can effectively reduce postoperative pain and inflammatory responses and improve postoperative comfort and recovery in patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis treated with TACE combined with MWA.展开更多
The objective in this presentation is to introduce some of the unique properties and applications of nullors in active circuit analysis and designs. The emphasis is to discuss the role nullors can play in symbolic rep...The objective in this presentation is to introduce some of the unique properties and applications of nullors in active circuit analysis and designs. The emphasis is to discuss the role nullors can play in symbolic representation of transfer functions. To show this we adopt the topological platform for the circuit analysis and use a recently developed Admittance Method (AM) to achieve the Sum of Tree Products (STP), replacing the determinant and cofactors of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) of the circuit. To construct a transfer function, we start with a given active circuit and convert all its controlled sources and I/O-ports to nullors. Now, with a solid nullor circuit (passive elements and nullors) we first eliminate the passive elements through AM operations. This produces the STPs. Second, the all-nullor circuit is then used to find the signs or the STPs. Finally, the transfer function (in symbolic, if chosen) is obtained from the ratio between the STPs.展开更多
In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To ...In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To address this issue,the application of a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)in grid-connected inverters control is referenced and proposes a control strategy called the analogous virtual synchronous generator(AVSG)control strategy for the interface DC/DC converter of the battery in the microgrid.Besides,a flexible parameter adaptive control method is introduced to further enhance the inertial behavior of the AVSG control.Firstly,a theoretical analysis is conducted on the various components of the DC microgrid,the structure of analogous virtual synchronous generator,and the control structure’s main parameters related to the DC microgrid’s inertial behavior.Secondly,the voltage change rate tracking coefficient is introduced to adjust the change of the virtual capacitance and damping coefficient flexibility,which further strengthens the inertia trend of the DC microgrid.Additionally,a small-signal modeling approach is used to analyze the approximate range of the AVSG’s main parameters ensuring system stability.Finally,conduct a simulation analysis by building the model of the DC microgrid system with photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES)in MATLAB/Simulink.Simulation results from different scenarios have verified that the AVSG control introduces fixed inertia and damping into the droop control of the battery,resulting in a certain level of inertia enhancement.Furthermore,the additional adaptive control strategy built upon the AVSG control provides better and flexible inertial support for the DC microgrid,further enhances the stability of the DC bus voltage,and has a more positive impact on the battery performance.展开更多
In recent years, in （K-, π-） strangeness-exchange reaction on nuclei, some hypernuclear spectra such as Λ9Be, Σ9Be, and Λ12C, Σ12C have been found. By analysing the experimental excited spectra of recoilless st...In recent years, in （K-, π-） strangeness-exchange reaction on nuclei, some hypernuclear spectra such as Λ9Be, Σ9Be, and Λ12C, Σ12C have been found. By analysing the experimental excited spectra of recoilless strangeness-exchange reaction （K-, π-）, one can展开更多
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.51675159)Human Resource and Social Security Project of Hebei Province(No.JRS-2016-3097)
文摘A patent is a kind of technical document to protect intellectual property for individuals or enterprises. Patentable idea generation is a crucial step for patent application and analogy is confirmed to be an effective technique to inspire creative ideas. Analogy?based design usually starts from representation of an analogy source and is followed by the retrieval of appropriate analogs, mapping of design knowledge and adaptation of target solution. To diffuse one core idea into other new contexts and achieve more patentable ideas, this paper mainly centered on the first two stages of analogy?based design and proposed a patentable ideation framework. The analogical information of the source system, including source design problems and solution, was mined comprehensively through International Patent Classification analysis and represented in the form of function, behavior and structure. Three heuristics were suggested for searching the set of candidate target systems with a similar design problem, where the source design could be transferred. To systematize the process of source representation, analogs retrieval, idea transfer, and solution generation, an ideation model was put forward. Finally, the bladeless fan was selected as a source design to illustrate the application of this work. The design output shows that the representation and heuristics are beneficial, and this systematic ideation method can help the engineer or designer enhance creativity and discover more patentable opportunities.
基金supported by a major consulting project of"South China Sea Oil and Gas Comprehensive Development Strategy Research"led by Academician Gao Deli and the Faculty of Chinese Academy of SciencesCounsulting Project of Chinese Academy of Science(Approval Number:2019-ZW11-Z-035)+1 种基金National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973)(Nos:2006CB202300,2011CB201100)China High-tech R&D Program(863)(2013AA092600)。
文摘Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of today is less than one ten-thousandth of the estimate forty years ago.The NGH researches in China started relatively late,but achievements have been made in the South China Sea(SCS)in the past two decades.Thirty-five studies had been carried out to evaluate NGH resource,and results showed a flat trend,ranging from 60 to 90 billion tons of oil equivalent,which was 2-3 times of the evaluation results of technical recoverable oil and gas resources in the SCS.The big difference is that the previous 35 group of NGH resource evaluations for the SCS only refers to the prospective gas resource with low grade level and high uncertainty,which cannot be used to guide exploration or researches on development strategies.Based on the analogy with the genetic mechanism of conventional oil and gas resources,this study adopts the newly proposed genetic method and geological analogy method to evaluate the NGH resource.Results show that the conventional oil and gas resources are 346.29×10^(8)t,the volume of NGH and free dynamic field are 25.19×10^(4)km^(3) and(2.05-2.48)×10^(6)km^(3),and the total amount of in-situ NGH resources in the SCS is about(4.47-6.02)×10^(12)m^(3).It is considered that the resource of hydrate should not exceed that of conventional oil and gas,so it is 30 times lower than the previous estimate.This study provides a more reliable geological basis for further NGH exploration and development.
文摘The integral heat model for the system of the Earth’s surface—the atmosphere—the open space based on the electrical circuit analogy is presented. Mathematical models of the heat balance for this system are proposed. Heat circuit which is analog of the electrical circuit for investigating the temperature dependencies on the key parameters in the clear form is presented.
文摘The geologic analogy expert system of oil-generating depressions(GAESOD)constructed on IBM386 by using GCLISP language is a tool-type expert system for geologic analogy.GAESOD consists ofeight parts:(1)illustrating module of system;(2)general controlling module;(3)knowledge base;(4)rea-soning module;(5 )data base;(6)explanation module;(7)gaining and managing module of knowledge;(8)managing module of data base.There are 36 known models of oil—generating depressions of the eastern partand me continental shelf of China in the knowledge base.Three values,such as resemblance coefficient,cer-tainty factor and fine-poor coefficient,will be acquired if this system is applied to any two oil-generatingdepressions.Finally,GAESOD are applied to the analysis of some data from Xichang depression,Hepubasin and the conclusions from this system are consistent with the results from geologic experts.
文摘An M-metric least square method for polynomial analogy is presented. The relative normal eqUation is of diagonal form, such that the concise solution formula is explicit, and it is suitable to Parallel computation. On the other hand, by error analysis of a typical example, we can see that the presented method is reliable.
文摘This paper aims to design an optimized blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine(HWAT).Since airfoil is a basic component of blade design,an optimized airfoil(referred as SJX)was proposed based on the line theory through the weight analogy to pressure distribution of air flow.Its lift,drag,lift⁃to⁃drag ratio were compared with those NACA2409⁃34,NACA2410,and RK40 airfoils by using Profili software at fixed wind velocity and under different angles of attack.The NACA2409⁃34 airfoil was found to be greatly similar with the SJX airfoil.Based on the Wilson method,blades using SJX and NACA2490⁃34 airfoils were developed and different performance parameters such as velocity distribution,pressure distribution,and power were compared under variable wind velocities and different angles of attack ranging from-4°to 6°at different radius from the center of rotor using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in ANSYS FLUENT.Results of the study suggested that the performance of the SJX based airfoil and blade was much more optimized.
文摘We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.
文摘Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PSS developed in one area (i.e., mental health) could be applied to another area (i.e., maternal health) and whether new PSS could develop in response to PSS gained in another area. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted using interviews. We interviewed 27 consultations from eight Japanese PHNs who consulted in mental health departments before transferring to maternal health departments. The data on how PHNs applied PSS in the selection, mapping, evaluation, and learning stages of the analogy process were extracted from transcribed interviewed data and compared. Results: PHNs provided 59 PSS used in 27 consultations. All PHNs applied past mental health PSS to solve new problems in maternal health. They tended to select past PSS based on structural similarity and to apply PSS via low-level abstraction in serious situations or preventively to avoid causing the current situation to worsen. Notably, PHNs developed maternal health PSS by using past mental health PSS;these new PSS were derived through analogy from various failures and successes. Conclusions: PSS developed in one area can be applied in another area, and new PSS can develop through applying these previous PSS. Identification of structural similarities and preventive analogies must be included in nursing education, especially for nurses working in public health fields.
文摘In this paper, one of analogies available in the literature between movement of a material particle and ray propagation of a sound in liquid is used. By means of the equations of Hamilton describing movement of a material particle, analytical expression of a tangent to a trajectory of a sound ray at non-uniform ocean on depth is received. The received expression for a tangent differs from traditional one, defined under law Snelius. Calculation of trajectories, and also other characteristics of a sound field is carried out by two methods: first—traditional, under law Snelius, and second—by the analogy to mechanics method. Calculations are made for canonical type of the sound channel. In the region near to horizontal rays, both methods yield close results, and in the region of steep slope, the small distinction is observed.
文摘In this study, a model for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) was developed using electrical resistance analogy by relating the rate at which water flows to the current of charge to determine Sludge Filtration Resistance using a typical single Electrical Resistance from a Direct Current Circuit. Synthetic sludge was successfully formulated for experimental purposes. The advantage of using synthetic sludge was that they permitted experiments to be performed on stable samples with known physical and chemical properties not subject to degradation by microbial activity. The result from the present study indicates the effect of conditioner on synthetic sludge filtration at variable pressure for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) and the trends in the results indicated that SFR reduces with increase in the concentration of dissolved salt (CaCl2). The linearity observed between plot of volume of filtrate versus time of filtration by correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9292 (Figure 1) for 10 g of CaCl2 and R2 = 0.9294 (Figure 2) for 18 g of CaCl2. It is evident from the calculated values that they are very strong and have testified that the effect of conditioner on synthetic sludge filtration at variable pressure for sludge filtration resistance (SFR) using electrical resistance analogy is very satisfactory. When compared the existing data from SFR with other measure of filterability calculated using Carman’s equation to validate the model, it was observed that specific resistance decreases as the concentration of CaCl2 (dissolved salt) increases which agrees with SFR.
文摘The cross product in Euclidean space IR3 is an operation in which two vectors are associated to generate a third vector, also in space IR3. This product can be studied rewriting its basic equations in a matrix structure, more specifically in terms of determinants. Such a structure allows extending, for analogy, the ideas of the cross product for a type of the product of vectors in higher dimensions, through the systematic increase of the number of rows and columns in determinants that constitute the equations. So, in a n-dimensional space with Euclidean norm, we can associate n – 1 vectors and to obtain an n-th vector, with the same geometric characteristics of the product in three dimensions. This kind of operation is also a geometric interpretation of the product defined by Eckman [1]. The same analogies are also useful in the verification of algebraic properties of such products, based?on known properties of determinants.
基金KNRF(the Korea of National Research Foundation)under the Specified base program 96-0300-11-01-3.
文摘According to LN?,theoretical&true elongation of tensile,and by adopting the increasing function of formulas with the derivation and analogy methods,the elongation formula of 0<(1+ε)^1/ε<e&0<ε^1/ε<1&four convergences are deduced too whenε>1 and 0<ε<1.The inequalities of LNε<εand LN(1+ε)<εand LN(1+ε)>LNεare deduced ifε>1 and 0<ε<1 in material dynamics.Finally the conclusions of LNε<εand LNε<LN(1+ε)<εare deduced together ifε>1 and 0<ε<1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51976235 and 52171317)。
文摘Compared with endoreversible heat engine with pure heat transfer and endoreversible isothermal chemical engine with pure mass transfer,endoreversible non-isothermal chemical engine(ENICE)is a more reasonable model of practical mass exchanger,solid device and chemo-electric systems.There exists heat and mass transfer(HMT)simultaneously between working fluid and chemical potential reservoir in ENICE.There is coupled HMT effect that in ENICE should be considered.There are two ways to consider this coupled effect.One is based on Onsager equations,and another is based on Lewis analogy.For the mathematical and physical description of the above HMT process,the model using Onsager equations are more appropriate in the linear HMT region not far from the equilibrium state,while that based on Lewis analogy is more appropriate in nonlinear HMT region far from the equilibrium state.Different from the previous research on the power optimization of ENICEs with Onsager equations,this paper optimizes power and efficiency of ENICE based on Lewis analogy.HMT processes are assumed to obey Newtonian heat transfer law(q∝ΔT,and T is temperature)and Fick's diffusive mass transfer law(g∝Δc,and c is concentration),respectively.Analytical results of power output and corresponding vector efficiency(η_(T)andη_(μ))of ENICE are obtained,which provide important parallel results with those based on Onsager equations.They include special cases for endoreversible Carnot heat engine with q∝ΔT and endoreversible isothermal chemical engine with g∝Δc.Adopting Lewis analogy in the modelling of ENICEs with simultaneous HMT is an important work.It provides important analytical and numerical results different from those with Onsager equations obtained previously and enriches the research contents of FTT.The research results in this paper have a certain guiding significance for the optimal designs of single irreversible NICEs,multistage NICE systems,practical mass exchangers,solid devices,chemo-electric systems,and so on.
文摘Considering from point of view of the dynamics,it is convenient to regard the field to be predictedas a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field,and thus the statistical technique can beused in combining with the dynamics.Along this line,a coupled atmosphere-earth surface analogy-dynamicalmodel is formulated and applied to making monthly prediction.This approach facilitated the utility of the useful information contained in both the historical data setand the initial field to improve the dynamic model based solo on the latter and show better skill in prediction.
基金supported by the National Special Funds for Astronautics(Grant No.51320103)China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology for their financial support
文摘The coupling effects among lateral mode,longitudinal mode and torsional mode of a launch vehicle cannot be taken into account in traditional dynamic analysis using lateral beam model and longitudinal spring-mass model individually.To deal with the problem,propellant analogy methods based on beam model are proposed and coupled mass-matrix of liquid propellant is constructed through additional mass in the present study.Then an integrated model of launch vehicle for free vibration analysis is established,by which research on the interactions between longitudinal and lateral modes,longitudinal and torsional modes of the launch vehicle can be implemented.Numerical examples for tandem tanks validate the present method and its necessity.
基金Project supported by the program of droughts and floods forecast of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Post-doctor Science Foundation of China
文摘From the viewpoint of dynamics, it is convenient to regard the field to be predicted as a small disturbance superposed on the historical analogous field, and thus the statistical technique can be used in combining with the dynamics. Along this line, a coupled atmosphere-earth surface analogy-dynamical model is formulated and applied to making eight seasonal predictions. All of the predictions were initiated from January and have been made from February to August of 1981 to 1988. The experiments of eight-year predictions show certain skill in seasonal prediction, and the skill scores of prediction are greater than those of single statistical analogy forecast.
文摘BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)is an effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.However,it may cause severe postoperative pain and inflammatory responses.The paravertebral block(PVB)is a regional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia to the thoracic and abdominal regions.AIM To evaluate the effect of PVB on postoperative analgesia and inflammatory response in patients undergoing TACE combined with MWA for advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis.METHODS Sixty patients were randomly divided into PVB and control groups.The PVB group received ultrasound-guided PVB with 0.375%ropivacaine preoperatively,whereas the control group received intravenous analgesia with sufentanil.The primary outcome was the visual analog scale(VAS)score for pain at 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h after the procedure.Secondary outcomes were the dose of sufentanil used,incidence of adverse events,and levels of inflammatory markers(white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin)before and after the procedure.RESULTS The PVB group had significantly lower VAS scores at 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h after the procedure compared with the control group(P<0.05).The PVB group also had a significantly lower consumption of sufentanil and a lower incidence of nausea,vomiting,and respiratory depression than did the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the PVB group had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers 24 h and 48 h after the procedure(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PVB can effectively reduce postoperative pain and inflammatory responses and improve postoperative comfort and recovery in patients with advanced gastric cancer and liver metastasis treated with TACE combined with MWA.
文摘The objective in this presentation is to introduce some of the unique properties and applications of nullors in active circuit analysis and designs. The emphasis is to discuss the role nullors can play in symbolic representation of transfer functions. To show this we adopt the topological platform for the circuit analysis and use a recently developed Admittance Method (AM) to achieve the Sum of Tree Products (STP), replacing the determinant and cofactors of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) of the circuit. To construct a transfer function, we start with a given active circuit and convert all its controlled sources and I/O-ports to nullors. Now, with a solid nullor circuit (passive elements and nullors) we first eliminate the passive elements through AM operations. This produces the STPs. Second, the all-nullor circuit is then used to find the signs or the STPs. Finally, the transfer function (in symbolic, if chosen) is obtained from the ratio between the STPs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52067013),and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(20JR5RA395).
文摘In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To address this issue,the application of a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)in grid-connected inverters control is referenced and proposes a control strategy called the analogous virtual synchronous generator(AVSG)control strategy for the interface DC/DC converter of the battery in the microgrid.Besides,a flexible parameter adaptive control method is introduced to further enhance the inertial behavior of the AVSG control.Firstly,a theoretical analysis is conducted on the various components of the DC microgrid,the structure of analogous virtual synchronous generator,and the control structure’s main parameters related to the DC microgrid’s inertial behavior.Secondly,the voltage change rate tracking coefficient is introduced to adjust the change of the virtual capacitance and damping coefficient flexibility,which further strengthens the inertia trend of the DC microgrid.Additionally,a small-signal modeling approach is used to analyze the approximate range of the AVSG’s main parameters ensuring system stability.Finally,conduct a simulation analysis by building the model of the DC microgrid system with photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES)in MATLAB/Simulink.Simulation results from different scenarios have verified that the AVSG control introduces fixed inertia and damping into the droop control of the battery,resulting in a certain level of inertia enhancement.Furthermore,the additional adaptive control strategy built upon the AVSG control provides better and flexible inertial support for the DC microgrid,further enhances the stability of the DC bus voltage,and has a more positive impact on the battery performance.
文摘In recent years, in （K-, π-） strangeness-exchange reaction on nuclei, some hypernuclear spectra such as Λ9Be, Σ9Be, and Λ12C, Σ12C have been found. By analysing the experimental excited spectra of recoilless strangeness-exchange reaction （K-, π-）, one can
