logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test resu...logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.展开更多
对Parlay APIs协议和SIP协议中与呼叫相关的部分作了对比,首先提出了两者与呼叫相关的核心概念的映射关系,列举了SIP Server工作在两种常用模式下的具体概念映射模型;随后阐述了Parlay CC API与SIP消息之间的映射,并给出实例加以说明;...对Parlay APIs协议和SIP协议中与呼叫相关的部分作了对比,首先提出了两者与呼叫相关的核心概念的映射关系,列举了SIP Server工作在两种常用模式下的具体概念映射模型;随后阐述了Parlay CC API与SIP消息之间的映射,并给出实例加以说明;接着对二者的地址映射问题进行了讨论;最后给出了一个基于SIP的Par-lay CC API构建基本会话的时序关系。展开更多
Intra-abdominal injection of amitraz(0.25 nmol per honeybee,i.e.,approx 2.3 nmol/g)toemerging worker bees,in vivo,led to a significant hypertrehalosemia(300-400%)followed by ahyperglucosemia(≈600%).Maxima were reache...Intra-abdominal injection of amitraz(0.25 nmol per honeybee,i.e.,approx 2.3 nmol/g)toemerging worker bees,in vivo,led to a significant hypertrehalosemia(300-400%)followed by ahyperglucosemia(≈600%).Maxima were reached at 0.5 and 2h,respectively.A strong negativecorrelation between glucosemia and trehalosemia appeared after injection of pure phentolamine(1 nmol per bee),suggesting stimulation of trehalase activities.Simultaneous administration ofthe α-blocker at≥0.25 nmol per individual suppressed the hyperglycemic response of amitraz.The formamidine pesticide thus likely acts on the honeybee α-aminergic system.1989 AcademicPress,Inc.展开更多
The stinging response thresholds of individual European and Africanized worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were analyzed. Workers of each genotype performing defense (guard and soldier bees) and non-defense (nest an...The stinging response thresholds of individual European and Africanized worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were analyzed. Workers of each genotype performing defense (guard and soldier bees) and non-defense (nest and forager bees) associated tasks were collected and exposed to an electric stimulus of 0.5 mA, and the time they took to sting a leather substrate was recorded. Africanized bees had significant lower thresholds of response than European bees. Guards and soldiers were faster to sting than nest and forager bees for the Africanized genotype, whereas for the European genotype, guards stung significantly faster than bees of the other three task groups. This is the first study that shows that individual bees specialized in two defensive tasks also have a lower response threshold for stinging. Our results fit a model of division of labor based on differences in response thresholds to stimuli among workers of different genotypes and task groups.展开更多
The aim of this study was to draw a retrospective analysis on the lethality of Imidacloprid(Gaucho®)and Fipronil(Régent TS®)on Apis mellifera between 1992 and 2016 in France.Early monitoring reports in ...The aim of this study was to draw a retrospective analysis on the lethality of Imidacloprid(Gaucho®)and Fipronil(Régent TS®)on Apis mellifera between 1992 and 2016 in France.Early monitoring reports in the 1992-2002 period notified these two embedded insecticides to be at the origin of massive colony collapse disorders.Ecotoxicological analyses based on the LD50 of Imidacloprid and Fipronil highlighted their differential lethality by both contact(Imidacloprid:81 ng/honeybee vs.Fipronil:5.9 ng/honeybee)and ingestion(Imidacloprid:3.7 ng/honeybee vs.Fipronil:4.2 ng/honeybee),but failed to point Imidacloprid’s high solubility as a higher lethal agent.Chemical properties and action mode of these two insecticides originated neural disfunction in the case of Imidacloprid,and honeybee brood immune depression for Fipronil.Despite the conduction of these monitoring reports and laboratory researches,Fipronil was completely banned in 2005 but Imidacloprid only in 2016.展开更多
Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 42 colonies in 13 localities in the Lake Chad Basin (parts of Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria) and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological ...Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 42 colonies in 13 localities in the Lake Chad Basin (parts of Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria) and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological characters of body size, colour and pilosity were taken from 10 workers per colony and the data subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), stepwise discriminant analysis (DA) and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis. A one-way ANOVA revealed that means of 21 of the morphometric characters differed significantly (p 0.05). The bees formed one cluster in a PCA. However, scatter plots of altitude against principal component 1 of PCA (loaded with characters of body size) revealed an increase of size of the bees along the gradient of the Lake Chad Basin. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that 88% and 77% of the variation in size might be explained by altitude in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the basin, respectively. Additionally, there was a very highly significant strong positive relationship between principal component 1 and altitude (r(30) = 0.618, p < 0.0005). Similarly, HCA and DA classified the colonies into three morphoclusters whose distribution closely followed the altitude of the area.展开更多
文摘logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.
文摘对Parlay APIs协议和SIP协议中与呼叫相关的部分作了对比,首先提出了两者与呼叫相关的核心概念的映射关系,列举了SIP Server工作在两种常用模式下的具体概念映射模型;随后阐述了Parlay CC API与SIP消息之间的映射,并给出实例加以说明;接着对二者的地址映射问题进行了讨论;最后给出了一个基于SIP的Par-lay CC API构建基本会话的时序关系。
文摘Intra-abdominal injection of amitraz(0.25 nmol per honeybee,i.e.,approx 2.3 nmol/g)toemerging worker bees,in vivo,led to a significant hypertrehalosemia(300-400%)followed by ahyperglucosemia(≈600%).Maxima were reached at 0.5 and 2h,respectively.A strong negativecorrelation between glucosemia and trehalosemia appeared after injection of pure phentolamine(1 nmol per bee),suggesting stimulation of trehalase activities.Simultaneous administration ofthe α-blocker at≥0.25 nmol per individual suppressed the hyperglycemic response of amitraz.The formamidine pesticide thus likely acts on the honeybee α-aminergic system.1989 AcademicPress,Inc.
文摘The stinging response thresholds of individual European and Africanized worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were analyzed. Workers of each genotype performing defense (guard and soldier bees) and non-defense (nest and forager bees) associated tasks were collected and exposed to an electric stimulus of 0.5 mA, and the time they took to sting a leather substrate was recorded. Africanized bees had significant lower thresholds of response than European bees. Guards and soldiers were faster to sting than nest and forager bees for the Africanized genotype, whereas for the European genotype, guards stung significantly faster than bees of the other three task groups. This is the first study that shows that individual bees specialized in two defensive tasks also have a lower response threshold for stinging. Our results fit a model of division of labor based on differences in response thresholds to stimuli among workers of different genotypes and task groups.
文摘The aim of this study was to draw a retrospective analysis on the lethality of Imidacloprid(Gaucho®)and Fipronil(Régent TS®)on Apis mellifera between 1992 and 2016 in France.Early monitoring reports in the 1992-2002 period notified these two embedded insecticides to be at the origin of massive colony collapse disorders.Ecotoxicological analyses based on the LD50 of Imidacloprid and Fipronil highlighted their differential lethality by both contact(Imidacloprid:81 ng/honeybee vs.Fipronil:5.9 ng/honeybee)and ingestion(Imidacloprid:3.7 ng/honeybee vs.Fipronil:4.2 ng/honeybee),but failed to point Imidacloprid’s high solubility as a higher lethal agent.Chemical properties and action mode of these two insecticides originated neural disfunction in the case of Imidacloprid,and honeybee brood immune depression for Fipronil.Despite the conduction of these monitoring reports and laboratory researches,Fipronil was completely banned in 2005 but Imidacloprid only in 2016.
文摘Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 42 colonies in 13 localities in the Lake Chad Basin (parts of Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria) and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological characters of body size, colour and pilosity were taken from 10 workers per colony and the data subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), stepwise discriminant analysis (DA) and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis. A one-way ANOVA revealed that means of 21 of the morphometric characters differed significantly (p 0.05). The bees formed one cluster in a PCA. However, scatter plots of altitude against principal component 1 of PCA (loaded with characters of body size) revealed an increase of size of the bees along the gradient of the Lake Chad Basin. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that 88% and 77% of the variation in size might be explained by altitude in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the basin, respectively. Additionally, there was a very highly significant strong positive relationship between principal component 1 and altitude (r(30) = 0.618, p < 0.0005). Similarly, HCA and DA classified the colonies into three morphoclusters whose distribution closely followed the altitude of the area.
