Surface modifications can introduce natural gradients or structural hierarchy into human-made microlattices,making them simultaneously strong and tough.Herein,we describe our investigations of the mechanical propertie...Surface modifications can introduce natural gradients or structural hierarchy into human-made microlattices,making them simultaneously strong and tough.Herein,we describe our investigations of the mechanical properties and the underlying mechanisms of additively manufactured nickel–chromium superalloy(IN625)microlattices after surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT).Our results demonstrated that SMAT increased the yielding strength of these microlattices by more than 64.71%and also triggered a transition in their mechanical behaviour.Two primary failure modes were distinguished:weak global deformation,and layer-by-layer collapse,with the latter enhanced by SMAT.The significantly improved mechanical performance was attributable to the ultrafine and hard graded-nanograin layer induced by SMAT,which effectively leveraged the material and structural effects.These results were further validated by finite element analysis.This work provides insight into collapse behaviour and should facilitate the design of ultralight yet buckling-resistant cellular materials.展开更多
This study is based on the case study of Gyantse county of Shigatse, Tibet. It's an article about issue of finding a meaningful and sustainable role of the past in the present and the future in terms of Tibetan tr...This study is based on the case study of Gyantse county of Shigatse, Tibet. It's an article about issue of finding a meaningful and sustainable role of the past in the present and the future in terms of Tibetan traditional architecture and planning. Due to rapid social and economic changes, the link between past and present is broken. In order to reestablish this vital link, it would require creative solutions and not mere static preservation.展开更多
Having been invented at the beginning of 20th century,aircraft is the concrete success of human being related to flying fantasy,which has been existing for centuries.The centuries-old studies accelerated in the 19th c...Having been invented at the beginning of 20th century,aircraft is the concrete success of human being related to flying fantasy,which has been existing for centuries.The centuries-old studies accelerated in the 19th century and it has been finally succeeded to take off under Wright Brothers in 1903 together with scientific and technologic processes.A creative energy boosted at the beginning of 20^th century and a new age,“age of aviation and aircraft”emerged.The political atmosphere in the world was considerably tense at the beginning of 20^th century.World War I and World War II were experienced.War Effort was directly effective in the development of aircraft and aviation architecture.In terms of aviation architecture,aircraft hangars,aircraft factories,wind tunnels,runways and airports can be considered.Birth and development of aircraft industry are in parallel with birth and development of modern architecture(and organic architecture).The period between 1918-1939 is characterized as“Golden Age”of aviation in the West(particularly in the U.S).The literature and archive resources have been reviewed in the Republic of Turkey simultaneously.In this article,interactions between aircraft technology and aviation architecture are discussed.展开更多
“Professional Guiding Standards for Advanced Education Architecture in University Undergraduate Students”(2013 edition)indicates that the education system of architecture should include a section on“environment and...“Professional Guiding Standards for Advanced Education Architecture in University Undergraduate Students”(2013 edition)indicates that the education system of architecture should include a section on“environment and site.”It should involve six learning components which are concepts of site and environment,site terrain classifications,environment of two tendencies,elements involved in the sites,elements of environmental impact,and site design.[1]As site design(drawing)has become a significant topic in the examination of registered architects,many domestic architecture colleges have set up site design courses as independent ones.After more than ten years of exploration and research in developing the education system of site design courses,teaching experiences and achievements have been acquired.Site design courses have been gradually integrated with general plan design,registered architect examination,and architectural programming.Teachers have specified relevant learning goals in the regular daily curriculum in addition to the basic and vocational education of architecture.In this way,the site design course would be more in line with the educational goals of architecture.This paper aims to analyze the education of site design courses in hope of developing the future architectural education.展开更多
Lithium metal anode holds an important position in fast-charging batteries.But lithium dendrite issues tend to exacerbate at high currents.Li F can be considered as an effective way to improve the Li metal surface ele...Lithium metal anode holds an important position in fast-charging batteries.But lithium dendrite issues tend to exacerbate at high currents.Li F can be considered as an effective way to improve the Li metal surface electrochemical stability to achieve high power and high energy.However,most of reported work are relying on in situ formation of a 2D Li F on Li metal in liquid electrolyte,which limits the scalability and plated Li quantity.Here,we address this challenge and report a scalable synthesis of Li F-rich 3D architected Li metal anode via a direct pyrolysis of molten lithium and fluoropolymer to enable fast Li charging with high current density(20 mA cm-2)and high areal capacity(20 m Ah cm-2).The 3D structure is synthesized by the pyrolysis of fluoropolymer with Li metal and results show high similarity to the pristine electrolyte-derived solid-electrolyte-interphase(SEI).This concept using pyrolysis of fluoropolymer with Li-containing active materials could be also extended to modify Li metal oxide cathode(e.g.,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4)for mixed conductive interphase and engineer Li solid ion conductors(e.g.,Li garnet-type oxides)for interface stabilization andframework design.展开更多
The issue of climatism is a matter of concern today, given the growth of technology and the subject of globalization, which is defined and explained in many respects. The rapid advancement of technology makes communic...The issue of climatism is a matter of concern today, given the growth of technology and the subject of globalization, which is defined and explained in many respects. The rapid advancement of technology makes communication and navigation readily available. This factor causes the challenge for human societies to discover more recent developments that in turn raise the issues of how can the climatism be compatible with the creation of an architectural work, taking into account that the countries’ conventional boundaries lose their importance. And, the factors affect climatism, in other words, the way that climatism, human societies with diverse cultures, and the surrounding environment interact with each other, is raised. And, in general, the way that an architecture work to interact with its environment is discussed. In this sense, the traditional and indigenous architecture, and the fluidity of the region in the architectural framework also address the characteristics of the physical and architectural features of each region from the architectural arena, introducing effective approaches to architecture and urban planning (objective and tactical approaches), using the rational-logical approach to regional review. Then, the discussion of regionalism and regional influences in the physical fabric of each traditional architectural structure’s region is presented, with the special look of traditional architecture that is expressed in consistency between the building and the nature, and to explain the arguments to the examples and characteristics.展开更多
This paper describes a structural equation modeling （SEM） analysis of factors influencing architects＇ trust in project design teams. We undertook a survey of architects, during which we distributed 193 questionnair...This paper describes a structural equation modeling （SEM） analysis of factors influencing architects＇ trust in project design teams. We undertook a survey of architects, during which we distributed 193 questionnaires in 29 A-level architectural design institutes selected radomly from the altogether 59 ones in Shenzhen, P. R. China, and received 130 valid questionnaires. We used Amos 6.0 for SEM to identify significant personal construct based factors affecting interpersonal trust. The results show that only social interaction between architects significantly affects their interpersonal trust. The explained variance of trus~ is not very high in the model. Therefore, future research should add more factors into the current model. The practical implication is that team managers should promote the social interactions between team members such that the interpersonal trust level between team members can be improved.展开更多
基金support provided by Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone Shenzhen Park Project:HZQB-KCZYB-2020030the Hong Kong General Research Fund(GRF)Scheme(Ref:CityU 11216219)+2 种基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Project No:AoE/M-402/20)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program:JCYJ20220818101204010the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission via the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center.
文摘Surface modifications can introduce natural gradients or structural hierarchy into human-made microlattices,making them simultaneously strong and tough.Herein,we describe our investigations of the mechanical properties and the underlying mechanisms of additively manufactured nickel–chromium superalloy(IN625)microlattices after surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT).Our results demonstrated that SMAT increased the yielding strength of these microlattices by more than 64.71%and also triggered a transition in their mechanical behaviour.Two primary failure modes were distinguished:weak global deformation,and layer-by-layer collapse,with the latter enhanced by SMAT.The significantly improved mechanical performance was attributable to the ultrafine and hard graded-nanograin layer induced by SMAT,which effectively leveraged the material and structural effects.These results were further validated by finite element analysis.This work provides insight into collapse behaviour and should facilitate the design of ultralight yet buckling-resistant cellular materials.
文摘This study is based on the case study of Gyantse county of Shigatse, Tibet. It's an article about issue of finding a meaningful and sustainable role of the past in the present and the future in terms of Tibetan traditional architecture and planning. Due to rapid social and economic changes, the link between past and present is broken. In order to reestablish this vital link, it would require creative solutions and not mere static preservation.
文摘Having been invented at the beginning of 20th century,aircraft is the concrete success of human being related to flying fantasy,which has been existing for centuries.The centuries-old studies accelerated in the 19th century and it has been finally succeeded to take off under Wright Brothers in 1903 together with scientific and technologic processes.A creative energy boosted at the beginning of 20^th century and a new age,“age of aviation and aircraft”emerged.The political atmosphere in the world was considerably tense at the beginning of 20^th century.World War I and World War II were experienced.War Effort was directly effective in the development of aircraft and aviation architecture.In terms of aviation architecture,aircraft hangars,aircraft factories,wind tunnels,runways and airports can be considered.Birth and development of aircraft industry are in parallel with birth and development of modern architecture(and organic architecture).The period between 1918-1939 is characterized as“Golden Age”of aviation in the West(particularly in the U.S).The literature and archive resources have been reviewed in the Republic of Turkey simultaneously.In this article,interactions between aircraft technology and aviation architecture are discussed.
文摘“Professional Guiding Standards for Advanced Education Architecture in University Undergraduate Students”(2013 edition)indicates that the education system of architecture should include a section on“environment and site.”It should involve six learning components which are concepts of site and environment,site terrain classifications,environment of two tendencies,elements involved in the sites,elements of environmental impact,and site design.[1]As site design(drawing)has become a significant topic in the examination of registered architects,many domestic architecture colleges have set up site design courses as independent ones.After more than ten years of exploration and research in developing the education system of site design courses,teaching experiences and achievements have been acquired.Site design courses have been gradually integrated with general plan design,registered architect examination,and architectural programming.Teachers have specified relevant learning goals in the regular daily curriculum in addition to the basic and vocational education of architecture.In this way,the site design course would be more in line with the educational goals of architecture.This paper aims to analyze the education of site design courses in hope of developing the future architectural education.
基金supported by the startup funding at University of Delaware
文摘Lithium metal anode holds an important position in fast-charging batteries.But lithium dendrite issues tend to exacerbate at high currents.Li F can be considered as an effective way to improve the Li metal surface electrochemical stability to achieve high power and high energy.However,most of reported work are relying on in situ formation of a 2D Li F on Li metal in liquid electrolyte,which limits the scalability and plated Li quantity.Here,we address this challenge and report a scalable synthesis of Li F-rich 3D architected Li metal anode via a direct pyrolysis of molten lithium and fluoropolymer to enable fast Li charging with high current density(20 mA cm-2)and high areal capacity(20 m Ah cm-2).The 3D structure is synthesized by the pyrolysis of fluoropolymer with Li metal and results show high similarity to the pristine electrolyte-derived solid-electrolyte-interphase(SEI).This concept using pyrolysis of fluoropolymer with Li-containing active materials could be also extended to modify Li metal oxide cathode(e.g.,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4)for mixed conductive interphase and engineer Li solid ion conductors(e.g.,Li garnet-type oxides)for interface stabilization andframework design.
文摘The issue of climatism is a matter of concern today, given the growth of technology and the subject of globalization, which is defined and explained in many respects. The rapid advancement of technology makes communication and navigation readily available. This factor causes the challenge for human societies to discover more recent developments that in turn raise the issues of how can the climatism be compatible with the creation of an architectural work, taking into account that the countries’ conventional boundaries lose their importance. And, the factors affect climatism, in other words, the way that climatism, human societies with diverse cultures, and the surrounding environment interact with each other, is raised. And, in general, the way that an architecture work to interact with its environment is discussed. In this sense, the traditional and indigenous architecture, and the fluidity of the region in the architectural framework also address the characteristics of the physical and architectural features of each region from the architectural arena, introducing effective approaches to architecture and urban planning (objective and tactical approaches), using the rational-logical approach to regional review. Then, the discussion of regionalism and regional influences in the physical fabric of each traditional architectural structure’s region is presented, with the special look of traditional architecture that is expressed in consistency between the building and the nature, and to explain the arguments to the examples and characteristics.
基金Funded by the R & D Project of the Ministry of Construction of China.
文摘This paper describes a structural equation modeling （SEM） analysis of factors influencing architects＇ trust in project design teams. We undertook a survey of architects, during which we distributed 193 questionnaires in 29 A-level architectural design institutes selected radomly from the altogether 59 ones in Shenzhen, P. R. China, and received 130 valid questionnaires. We used Amos 6.0 for SEM to identify significant personal construct based factors affecting interpersonal trust. The results show that only social interaction between architects significantly affects their interpersonal trust. The explained variance of trus~ is not very high in the model. Therefore, future research should add more factors into the current model. The practical implication is that team managers should promote the social interactions between team members such that the interpersonal trust level between team members can be improved.
