[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for chromium （Cr）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, mercury （Hg） and copper （Cu...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for chromium （Cr）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, mercury （Hg） and copper （Cu）. [Method] With 4 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as the experimental materials, their absorption capacity for 6 kinds of heavy metals was compared by pot experiment. [Result] There were great differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the six kinds of heavy metals. According to the absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the heavy metals, the six heavy metals could be classified into three categories. The first category included only Cd with average enrichment coefficient of 8.564; the second category included Hg with average enrichment coefficient of 0.753; and the third category included Cr, As, Pb and Cu with average enrichment coefficients below or equivalent to 0.114. [Conclusion] The absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for heavy metals was grasped by this study, thereby providing reference data for screening of high-yielding and high-quality flue-cured tobacco cultivars.展开更多
a firm＇ s absorption capacity is a key factor to affect the knowledge transfer in ERP implementation, which influences the implementation of ERP By involving the subject - the ERP implementation of enterprise, ERP im...a firm＇ s absorption capacity is a key factor to affect the knowledge transfer in ERP implementation, which influences the implementation of ERP By involving the subject - the ERP implementation of enterprise, ERP implementation is mainly the knowledge absorption of enterprise from the implementation service provider. It analyzes the factors that influence the absorption capacity in the implementation of Deluding the characteristics of the internal and external and knowledge itself, which promote the successful implementation of ERP.展开更多
This study investigated the microstructure and hydrogen absorption properties of a rare-earth high-entropy alloy(HEA),YGdTbDyHo.Results indicated that the YGdTbDyHo alloy had a microstructure of equiaxed grains,with t...This study investigated the microstructure and hydrogen absorption properties of a rare-earth high-entropy alloy(HEA),YGdTbDyHo.Results indicated that the YGdTbDyHo alloy had a microstructure of equiaxed grains,with the alloy elements distributed homogeneously.Upon hydrogen absorption,the phase structure of the HEA changed from a solid solution with an hexagonal-close-packed(HCP)structure to a high-entropy hydride with an faced-centered-cubic(FCC)structure without any secondary phase precipitated.The alloy demonstrated a maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 2.33 H/M(hydrogen atom/metal atom)at 723 K,with an enthalpy change(ΔH)of-141.09 kJ·mol^(-1)and an entropy change(ΔS)of-119.14 J·mol^(-1)·K^(-1).The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen absorption was hydride nucleation and growth,with an apparent activation energy(E_(a))of 20.90 kJ·mol^(-1).Without any activation,the YGdTbDyHo alloy could absorb hydrogen quickly(180 s at 923 K)with nearly no incubation period observed.The reason for the obtained value of 2.33 H/M was that the hydrogen atoms occupied both tetrahedral and octahedral interstices.These results demonstrate the potential application of HEAs as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material with a large H/M ratio,which can be used in the deuterium storage field.展开更多
A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourie...A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourier-transform infrared)spectroscopy,SEM(Scanning electron microscopy)and in terms of water contact angles.Its oil-water absorption and separation capacities were measured by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrophoto-metry.The experimental results have shown that oligomeric silanol covalently bonds by Si-N onto the surface of melamine sponge skeletons.SMS has shown superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle exceeding 150°±1°,a better separation efficiency with regard to diesel oil(by 99.31%(wt/wt%)in oil-water mixture and even up to 99.99%(wt/wt%)for diesel oil in its saturated aqueous solution.Moreover,SMS inherited the intrinsicflame retardancy of the melamine sponge.In general,SMS has shown superhydrophobicity,high porosity,excellent selectivity,remarkable recyclability,and better absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents,and a high separation efficiency for oil in saturated aqueous solutions.展开更多
The study was conducted to determine the influence of gratering and fermentation parameters on the physicochemical quality of starch obtained from two cassava varieties in Sierra Leone (i.e., SLICASS 11 and SLICASS 6)...The study was conducted to determine the influence of gratering and fermentation parameters on the physicochemical quality of starch obtained from two cassava varieties in Sierra Leone (i.e., SLICASS 11 and SLICASS 6). Fresh cassava roots harvested from the Department of Agricultural Engineering were peeled, washed and grated before fermentation and starch extraction. Fermentation was carried out under separate aerobic and anaerobic conditions for a period of Seven days. Physicochemical analyses were conducted at the Postharvest Food and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural and Bio-System Engineering, Njala University to determine the solubility, water absorption capacity and swelling power of starch extracts obtained from various experimental treatments. Fermentation method and duration had significant effects on the solubility, water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling power (SP) of starch extracts. Maximum solubility and WAC were recorded on the fifth day, for both cassava varieties tested, with apparent significant difference resulting from the two gratering bands (i.e., with 1.5-inch nail hole and 4-inch nail hole sizes, respectively). While swelling power increased consistently with temperature for starch obtained from SLICASS-11 variety, an irregular pattern was observed for SLICASS-6 variety. A multiple correlation analysis proposes a significant and weak correlation between temperature, WAC (+0.150) and swelling power (+0.048). Also multiple correlation analyses suggest a significant correlation between fermentation period, the functional properties of starch extracts obtained from both fermentation methods and cassava varieties (i.e., solubility (−0.226), water absorption capacity (+0.301) and swelling power (+0.329)).展开更多
Taking absorptive capacity effects on research spillovers into consideration, this paper focuses on the R＆D investment decisions and the output decisions of labor-managed firms. Based on the general model of the cost...Taking absorptive capacity effects on research spillovers into consideration, this paper focuses on the R＆D investment decisions and the output decisions of labor-managed firms. Based on the general model of the cost-reducing R＆D, the strategic interactions of output and R＆D investment between labor-managed firms in a duopoly are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of absorptive capacity effects on optimal output in the production stage is discussed. In the R＆D stage, the impacts of absorptive capacity effects on the equilibrium R＆D investment in cooperative and non-cooperative R＆D are analyzed. Finally, the R＆D strategy of labor-managed firms is compared with the behavior of profit-maximizing firms. The results show that equilibrium R＆D investment is always higher than that in the exogenous spillover rate, which is similar to the behavior of the profit-maximizing firms. However, unlike the profit-maximizing firms, the impact of the absorptive capacity that affects the relationship between the optimal output and its own（rival＇ s）R＆D is shown to be dependent upon a return-to-scale of the production.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive c...[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive capacity to formaldehyde can be increased most greatly by LaCl3. [Method] Effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, the indoor ornamental plant, which could significantly en- hance the degradation capacity of formaldehyde, was screened out to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formaldehyde resistance. [Result] The ability to absorb formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was enhanced by dif- ferent ranges after spraying with LaCl3 at suitable concentrations. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aureun and Sansevieria trifasciata increased by 15.16%, 4.72%, 19.75% and 7.68%, respectively. In the four indoor ornamental plants, the capacity of S. au- reun to absorb formaldehyde was greatly improved by spraying LaCl3. When S. au- reun was stressed by formaldehyde, its chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and POD activity increased by 8.17%, 56.92%, and 11.32%, respectively. However, compared the pre-spraying group with the no-spraying group under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of S. aureun reduced less, membrane permeability and MDA cumulative both increased less, but POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] The formaldehyde absorption capacity of S. aureun was mostly improved after LaCl3 was sprayed.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to analyze LaCl3 sprayed onto Scindapsus au- reus on Chlorophyll content and plasmamembrane permeability of leaves of Scindap- sus aureus, in order to determinate a suitable dosage of LaCl3....[Objective] This study was to analyze LaCl3 sprayed onto Scindapsus au- reus on Chlorophyll content and plasmamembrane permeability of leaves of Scindap- sus aureus, in order to determinate a suitable dosage of LaCl3. [Method] With Scindapsus aureus as the test subject, 110 households of 20 communities in the New District of Nantong were selected to investigate formaldehyde concentration in indoor air; and effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, its physiological and biochemical mechanism of formaldehyde resistance was studied. [Result] The re- sults showed that formaldehyde pollution of indoor air was serious in the New District of Nantong, and the degree of pollution was related to the time after decoration. The suitable concentration of LaCl3 for Scindapsus aureus was 20 mg/L. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus, which was calculated by per unit leaf area, was enhanced after spraying the suitable concentration of LaCl3 by 19.75%. When Scindapsus aureus was stressed by formaldehyde, chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability and cumulative MDA amount increased by 8.17% and 56.92%, respectively, and POD activity increased by 11.32%. However, by com- paring the group pre-sprayed with LaCl3 and the group not sprayed with LaCl3 under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of Scindapsus aureus reduced lessly, mem- brane permeability and MDA both increased lessly, while POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] This study provides a new thinking direction for broadening of rare earth application and control measures of indoor air pollution.展开更多
The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm＇s ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing...The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm＇s ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing information （absorptive capacity）. In so doing, we explore different methodologies through which we may analyze the knowledge transmission： both the production function approach and the knowledge function approach. In order to construct the spillover stocks, different dimensions are considered： geographic and technological.展开更多
The development of novel absorbents is essential for SO_(2)removal.In this study,a novel ionic liquid(IL,[BHEP][HSO_(4)])was prepared,and water was selected as the co-solvent.The density and viscosity of aqueous[BHEP]...The development of novel absorbents is essential for SO_(2)removal.In this study,a novel ionic liquid(IL,[BHEP][HSO_(4)])was prepared,and water was selected as the co-solvent.The density and viscosity of aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were measured and the SO_(2)absorption performance was systematically investigated.Furthermore,the thermodynamic properties of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were calculated.Additionally,the mechanism of SO_(2)absorption in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]was confirmed using Fouriertransform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.It showed that[BHEP][HSO_(4)]absorbed0.302 g·g^(-1)(g SO_(2)/g IL)at an SO_(2)partial pressure of 2000μl·L^(-1)at 303.2 K,and the SO_(2)desorption enthalpy was-39.63 k J·mol^(-1).The mechanistic study confirmed the chemical absorption of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)].展开更多
This work investigated and quantified the physicomechanical properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites produced with recycled polyethylene terephthalate, recycled polyethylene and sawdust derived from selected...This work investigated and quantified the physicomechanical properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites produced with recycled polyethylene terephthalate, recycled polyethylene and sawdust derived from selected tropical timbers, namely, Nauclea diderrichii, Brachystegia eurycoma, Erythrophleum suaveolens and Prosopis africana, for possible utilization in the wood industry. The compounding of the polymer blends of the precursor plastics, namely recycled PET (rPET) and recycled PE (rPE) with the sawdust (SD) from the selected timbers to produce the desired wood rPET/rPE composites was carried out via the flat press method. The characterization of the physicomechanical properties of the wood plastic composites (WPCs) produced, such as the density, hardness, flexural strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation %, thickness swelling and water absorption capacity was carried out using methods based mainly on the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The results of the investigation on the resultant composites indicated that changes in the SD content affected the density of flat-pressed WPCs in line with literature. Generally, it was observed that as wood dust increased and PET content decreased, the density of composites decreased with some deviations as expected probably due to the anisotropic nature of the wood fillers. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a statistically significant variation in the wood composites of Nuclea diderichii based on the physicomechanical values as the p-value (0.020) obtained was less than the critical level of α = 0.05. It was also observed that the composite, Wood 1 Sample 5 (W<sub>1</sub>S<sub>5</sub>) which was composed of 40% rPE, 40% rPET and 20% SD (derived from Nuclea diderichii), had the highest percentage elongation (26.84%);the highest flexural strength (14.995 N/mm<sup>2</sup>) and possibly the least carbon footprint in the environment. These properties of W<sub>1</sub>S<sub>5</sub> suggest that it could therefore be the best option for the production of building materials like ceiling boards or floor skirting in the wood plastic composite industry. The results of these investigations have therefore indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and rPET/rPE was technically feasible and had prospects for large scale production in the wood industry.展开更多
This work investigated and quantified the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of four (4) tropical timbers as precursor raw materials for possible utilization in the wood plastic industry. The phy...This work investigated and quantified the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of four (4) tropical timbers as precursor raw materials for possible utilization in the wood plastic industry. The physicochemical properties of the wood samples such as the bulk and tapped density, moisture content, water absorption capacity at 25°C, volatile content, fixed carbon, ash content, alpha cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives contents were determined using standard methods like the European Committee for Standardization and (CEN/TS) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were examined with Fourier Infrared Transform (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that the bulk density values of the timbers ranged from 0.34 g/cm<sup>3</sup> in Brachystegia eurycoma (W<sub>3</sub>) to 0.47 g/cm<sup>3</sup> in Erythrophleum suaveolens (W<sub>2</sub>), with the other timbers, Nuclea diderichii (W<sub>1</sub>) and Prosopis africana (W<sub>4</sub>) having the same bulk density of 0.40 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. With respect to their moisture content, W<sub>2</sub> had the highest value (8.38%) while Nauclea diderrichii had the lowest value (6.52%). The water absorption capacities of the woods studied correlated with the cellulose composition of wood in the order of: W<sub>3</sub> > W<sub>1</sub> > W<sub>4</sub> > W<sub>2</sub>. The FTIR results showed that W<sub>2</sub> and W<sub>3</sub> presented a slightly more prominent and broader band than the other woods at 1731 cm<sup>-1</sup>, in agreement with the higher holocellulose content of these species, while W<sub>2</sub> and W<sub>4</sub> presented the most prominent peaks indicating higher lignin content than W<sub>1</sub> and W<sub>3</sub>. The SEM micrographs of the wood flour samples investigated indicated that the surfaces of the woods were rough and heterogeneous with irregular crystal and brick shaped particles. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) carried out with respect to the chemical composition of the wood samples indicated that there was no statistically significant variation in the wood chemical composition between species as the p-value (0.852) obtained was greater than the critical level of α = 0.05.展开更多
Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the...Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as thedetermining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality(perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility(vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism.展开更多
A new kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based o...A new kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based on the tests results, we analyzed the mechanical behaviors of the material under different conditions and obtained the inherent influencing laws of some factors on the material＇s dynamic buffering performance. It was shown that the dynamic buffering performance varied directly with impact velocity, and inversely with the void diameter, thickness and buffeting area of the composite material.展开更多
Lost circulation of drilling fluid is one of the most common engineering problems in the drilling process of fractured formations.In this study,an oil-absorbing polymer gel synthesized using compound monomers with rig...Lost circulation of drilling fluid is one of the most common engineering problems in the drilling process of fractured formations.In this study,an oil-absorbing polymer gel synthesized using compound monomers with rigid and flexible chains was applied to control the oil-based drilling fluid loss while drilling.The microstructure,oil-absorbing performance,and plugging performance the gel was investigated.A large number of dense pores on the surface of the gel were observed,which allowed the oil molecules to enter the internal space of the gel.The initial oil absorption capacity of the gel was fast,and it increased with the increase in the temperature and decrease in the particle size,reaching 20.93 g/g at140℃.At a high temperature of 140℃,the bearing pressure capacity of the gel formula containing particles of different particle sizes reached 7.6 MPa for a fracture of a width of 3 mm,showing that the oil-absorbing gel have excellent plugging performance at high temperature.Plugging mechanism of the gel was investigated through visualized fracture plugging experiments.Results show that the dynamic migratio n,particle-swelling,particle-bridging,particle-aggregation,deformation-filling,and compaction-plugging contribute to the whole lost circulation control process,reflecting that the plugging performance can be effectively enhanced by improving the aggregation and filling degrees of the gel with different particle sizes.展开更多
Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut,which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors(M receptor).This study explored the influences of dietary are...Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut,which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors(M receptor).This study explored the influences of dietary arecoline on growth performance,intestinal digestion and absorption abilities,antioxidant capacity,and the apical junction complex(AJC)of adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Adult grass carp(608to 1512 g)were fed at 6 graded levels of dietary arecoline(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 mg/kg diet)for 9weeks.The results suggested that appropriate dietary supplementation of arecoline(1.0 mg/kg)increased growth parameters and intestinal growth in adult grass carp(P<0.05),enhanced digestion and absorption capacities(P<0.05),up-regulated muscarinic receptor 3(M3)mRNA level(P<0.05),increased the content of neuropeptide fish substance P(P<0.05),improved antioxidant capacity by activating the Keap1a/Nrf2signaling pathway(P<0.05),reduced intestinal mucosal permeability(P<0.05),and increased m RNA levels of tight junction(TJ)and adherent junction AJ-related proteins in fish by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway(RhoA/ROCK/MLCK/NMII)(P<0.05).In addition,the appropriate arecoline supplementation for adult grass carp was determined to be 1.20,1.21,1.07,and 1.19 mg/kg based on percentage weight gain,lipase activity,serum diamine oxidase,and protein carbonyl,respectively.Overall,to the best of our knowledge,we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary arecoline on intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities and structural integrity in fish and evaluated the appropriate level of supplementation.展开更多
The article deals with the information on saline soils of the irrigated land in Mugan-Salyan massif and their appearance reasons. During the study, changes in the physical properties of water, land drainage, groundwat...The article deals with the information on saline soils of the irrigated land in Mugan-Salyan massif and their appearance reasons. During the study, changes in the physical properties of water, land drainage, groundwater level, mineralization, soil salinity of this territory have been investigated as well. Studies show that in the current territory elevated levels of ground water in drainage and irrigation networks, revealed that their mineralization and the amount of salts in the soil were under bad condition. On the basis on studies measurements for soils state in Mugan-Salyan massif have been presented.展开更多
Plain round bars were commonly used as main bars in the design of RC （reinforced concrete） buildings prior to the 1970s. According to previous research investigating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete me...Plain round bars were commonly used as main bars in the design of RC （reinforced concrete） buildings prior to the 1970s. According to previous research investigating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete members constructed with plain round bars, the strength of those members did not reach the calculated flexural strength due to bond slippage of main bars before yielding. It is important, therefore, to investigate the hysteretic bond mechanisms of plain round bars in concrete. In this research, analytical models were proposed to predict hysteretic bond-slip mechanisms between plain round bar and concrete depending on the results of experiments performed by the authors. In addition, the energy absorption capacity and the equivalent viscous damping factors obtained from the experimental results and analytical models are discussed. As a result of comparisons between the experimental data and the analysis models, good agreements were obtained.展开更多
The highly active absorbent with oxidization based on fly ash, lime and additive was prepared. Experiments of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out using fixture bed and duct injection. The...The highly active absorbent with oxidization based on fly ash, lime and additive was prepared. Experiments of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out using fixture bed and duct injection. The influencial factors for the absorptive capacity of the absorbent were studied. The absorptive capacities of 120.7 mg for SO 2 and 43.7 mg for NOx were achieved at a Ca/(S+N) molar ratio 1.2, respectively, corresponding removal efficiencies of 87% and 76%, while spent absorbent appeared in the form of dry powder. The optimal temperature and humidity of flue gas treated with this process were shown to be approximately 50℃, and 5% respectively. The mechanism of removal for SO 2 and NOx was investigated. In comparison with traditional dry FGD, this process appears to have lower cost, less complicated configuration and simpler disposal of used absorbent. The valuable references can be provided for industrial application by this process. The foreground of application will be vast in China and in the world.展开更多
For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive c...For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.展开更多
基金Supported by Tobacco Project of Changsha Branch of Hunan Tobacco Corporation(CYKJ2014-01)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for chromium （Cr）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, mercury （Hg） and copper （Cu）. [Method] With 4 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as the experimental materials, their absorption capacity for 6 kinds of heavy metals was compared by pot experiment. [Result] There were great differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the six kinds of heavy metals. According to the absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the heavy metals, the six heavy metals could be classified into three categories. The first category included only Cd with average enrichment coefficient of 8.564; the second category included Hg with average enrichment coefficient of 0.753; and the third category included Cr, As, Pb and Cu with average enrichment coefficients below or equivalent to 0.114. [Conclusion] The absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for heavy metals was grasped by this study, thereby providing reference data for screening of high-yielding and high-quality flue-cured tobacco cultivars.
文摘a firm＇ s absorption capacity is a key factor to affect the knowledge transfer in ERP implementation, which influences the implementation of ERP By involving the subject - the ERP implementation of enterprise, ERP implementation is mainly the knowledge absorption of enterprise from the implementation service provider. It analyzes the factors that influence the absorption capacity in the implementation of Deluding the characteristics of the internal and external and knowledge itself, which promote the successful implementation of ERP.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21171018 and 51271021)the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials。
文摘This study investigated the microstructure and hydrogen absorption properties of a rare-earth high-entropy alloy(HEA),YGdTbDyHo.Results indicated that the YGdTbDyHo alloy had a microstructure of equiaxed grains,with the alloy elements distributed homogeneously.Upon hydrogen absorption,the phase structure of the HEA changed from a solid solution with an hexagonal-close-packed(HCP)structure to a high-entropy hydride with an faced-centered-cubic(FCC)structure without any secondary phase precipitated.The alloy demonstrated a maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 2.33 H/M(hydrogen atom/metal atom)at 723 K,with an enthalpy change(ΔH)of-141.09 kJ·mol^(-1)and an entropy change(ΔS)of-119.14 J·mol^(-1)·K^(-1).The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen absorption was hydride nucleation and growth,with an apparent activation energy(E_(a))of 20.90 kJ·mol^(-1).Without any activation,the YGdTbDyHo alloy could absorb hydrogen quickly(180 s at 923 K)with nearly no incubation period observed.The reason for the obtained value of 2.33 H/M was that the hydrogen atoms occupied both tetrahedral and octahedral interstices.These results demonstrate the potential application of HEAs as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material with a large H/M ratio,which can be used in the deuterium storage field.
基金funded by Qingyang Science and Technology Support Project(KT2019-03)。
文摘A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourier-transform infrared)spectroscopy,SEM(Scanning electron microscopy)and in terms of water contact angles.Its oil-water absorption and separation capacities were measured by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrophoto-metry.The experimental results have shown that oligomeric silanol covalently bonds by Si-N onto the surface of melamine sponge skeletons.SMS has shown superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle exceeding 150°±1°,a better separation efficiency with regard to diesel oil(by 99.31%(wt/wt%)in oil-water mixture and even up to 99.99%(wt/wt%)for diesel oil in its saturated aqueous solution.Moreover,SMS inherited the intrinsicflame retardancy of the melamine sponge.In general,SMS has shown superhydrophobicity,high porosity,excellent selectivity,remarkable recyclability,and better absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents,and a high separation efficiency for oil in saturated aqueous solutions.
文摘The study was conducted to determine the influence of gratering and fermentation parameters on the physicochemical quality of starch obtained from two cassava varieties in Sierra Leone (i.e., SLICASS 11 and SLICASS 6). Fresh cassava roots harvested from the Department of Agricultural Engineering were peeled, washed and grated before fermentation and starch extraction. Fermentation was carried out under separate aerobic and anaerobic conditions for a period of Seven days. Physicochemical analyses were conducted at the Postharvest Food and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural and Bio-System Engineering, Njala University to determine the solubility, water absorption capacity and swelling power of starch extracts obtained from various experimental treatments. Fermentation method and duration had significant effects on the solubility, water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling power (SP) of starch extracts. Maximum solubility and WAC were recorded on the fifth day, for both cassava varieties tested, with apparent significant difference resulting from the two gratering bands (i.e., with 1.5-inch nail hole and 4-inch nail hole sizes, respectively). While swelling power increased consistently with temperature for starch obtained from SLICASS-11 variety, an irregular pattern was observed for SLICASS-6 variety. A multiple correlation analysis proposes a significant and weak correlation between temperature, WAC (+0.150) and swelling power (+0.048). Also multiple correlation analyses suggest a significant correlation between fermentation period, the functional properties of starch extracts obtained from both fermentation methods and cassava varieties (i.e., solubility (−0.226), water absorption capacity (+0.301) and swelling power (+0.329)).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70671024)Annual Research Results in Zhejiang Federation of Humanities and Social Sciences Circles(No.08N40)
文摘Taking absorptive capacity effects on research spillovers into consideration, this paper focuses on the R＆D investment decisions and the output decisions of labor-managed firms. Based on the general model of the cost-reducing R＆D, the strategic interactions of output and R＆D investment between labor-managed firms in a duopoly are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of absorptive capacity effects on optimal output in the production stage is discussed. In the R＆D stage, the impacts of absorptive capacity effects on the equilibrium R＆D investment in cooperative and non-cooperative R＆D are analyzed. Finally, the R＆D strategy of labor-managed firms is compared with the behavior of profit-maximizing firms. The results show that equilibrium R＆D investment is always higher than that in the exogenous spillover rate, which is similar to the behavior of the profit-maximizing firms. However, unlike the profit-maximizing firms, the impact of the absorptive capacity that affects the relationship between the optimal output and its own（rival＇ s）R＆D is shown to be dependent upon a return-to-scale of the production.
基金Supported by the Qing Lan Project for Excellent Young Key Teachers of Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in 2010 [Jiangsu Teacher(2010)27]Undergraduate Practice and Innovation Training Program of Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in 2010 and 2012 [Jiangsu Education Department(2010)27,Jiangsu Education Department Office(2012)3]+2 种基金Fund of Jiangsu R&D Center for Engineering Technology of Preventing and Treating Rural Environmental Pollution [(2011)13]Science and Technology Program of Nantong City(DE2009006S2009019)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive capacity to formaldehyde can be increased most greatly by LaCl3. [Method] Effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, the indoor ornamental plant, which could significantly en- hance the degradation capacity of formaldehyde, was screened out to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formaldehyde resistance. [Result] The ability to absorb formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was enhanced by dif- ferent ranges after spraying with LaCl3 at suitable concentrations. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aureun and Sansevieria trifasciata increased by 15.16%, 4.72%, 19.75% and 7.68%, respectively. In the four indoor ornamental plants, the capacity of S. au- reun to absorb formaldehyde was greatly improved by spraying LaCl3. When S. au- reun was stressed by formaldehyde, its chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and POD activity increased by 8.17%, 56.92%, and 11.32%, respectively. However, compared the pre-spraying group with the no-spraying group under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of S. aureun reduced less, membrane permeability and MDA cumulative both increased less, but POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] The formaldehyde absorption capacity of S. aureun was mostly improved after LaCl3 was sprayed.
基金Supported by Qing Lan Project for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(SJS[2010]27)College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Program of Jiangsu Province in 2014(SJBG[2010]8)+2 种基金Funding Project for Rural Environment Pollution Control Engineering and Technological Research Center of Jiangsu Province(SJK[2011]13)Funding Project of Science and Technology Plan in Nantong City(HS2014025)First Petty Funding Project for Ecological Construction of Nantong City(TH[2014]33)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to analyze LaCl3 sprayed onto Scindapsus au- reus on Chlorophyll content and plasmamembrane permeability of leaves of Scindap- sus aureus, in order to determinate a suitable dosage of LaCl3. [Method] With Scindapsus aureus as the test subject, 110 households of 20 communities in the New District of Nantong were selected to investigate formaldehyde concentration in indoor air; and effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, its physiological and biochemical mechanism of formaldehyde resistance was studied. [Result] The re- sults showed that formaldehyde pollution of indoor air was serious in the New District of Nantong, and the degree of pollution was related to the time after decoration. The suitable concentration of LaCl3 for Scindapsus aureus was 20 mg/L. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Scindapsus aureus, which was calculated by per unit leaf area, was enhanced after spraying the suitable concentration of LaCl3 by 19.75%. When Scindapsus aureus was stressed by formaldehyde, chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability and cumulative MDA amount increased by 8.17% and 56.92%, respectively, and POD activity increased by 11.32%. However, by com- paring the group pre-sprayed with LaCl3 and the group not sprayed with LaCl3 under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of Scindapsus aureus reduced lessly, mem- brane permeability and MDA both increased lessly, while POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] This study provides a new thinking direction for broadening of rare earth application and control measures of indoor air pollution.
文摘The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm＇s ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing information （absorptive capacity）. In so doing, we explore different methodologies through which we may analyze the knowledge transmission： both the production function approach and the knowledge function approach. In order to construct the spillover stocks, different dimensions are considered： geographic and technological.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108115,21776123)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2021 M691554)Kempe foundation(SMK21-0020)in Sweden。
文摘The development of novel absorbents is essential for SO_(2)removal.In this study,a novel ionic liquid(IL,[BHEP][HSO_(4)])was prepared,and water was selected as the co-solvent.The density and viscosity of aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were measured and the SO_(2)absorption performance was systematically investigated.Furthermore,the thermodynamic properties of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]were calculated.Additionally,the mechanism of SO_(2)absorption in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)]was confirmed using Fouriertransform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.It showed that[BHEP][HSO_(4)]absorbed0.302 g·g^(-1)(g SO_(2)/g IL)at an SO_(2)partial pressure of 2000μl·L^(-1)at 303.2 K,and the SO_(2)desorption enthalpy was-39.63 k J·mol^(-1).The mechanistic study confirmed the chemical absorption of SO_(2)in aqueous[BHEP][HSO_(4)].
文摘This work investigated and quantified the physicomechanical properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites produced with recycled polyethylene terephthalate, recycled polyethylene and sawdust derived from selected tropical timbers, namely, Nauclea diderrichii, Brachystegia eurycoma, Erythrophleum suaveolens and Prosopis africana, for possible utilization in the wood industry. The compounding of the polymer blends of the precursor plastics, namely recycled PET (rPET) and recycled PE (rPE) with the sawdust (SD) from the selected timbers to produce the desired wood rPET/rPE composites was carried out via the flat press method. The characterization of the physicomechanical properties of the wood plastic composites (WPCs) produced, such as the density, hardness, flexural strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation %, thickness swelling and water absorption capacity was carried out using methods based mainly on the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The results of the investigation on the resultant composites indicated that changes in the SD content affected the density of flat-pressed WPCs in line with literature. Generally, it was observed that as wood dust increased and PET content decreased, the density of composites decreased with some deviations as expected probably due to the anisotropic nature of the wood fillers. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a statistically significant variation in the wood composites of Nuclea diderichii based on the physicomechanical values as the p-value (0.020) obtained was less than the critical level of α = 0.05. It was also observed that the composite, Wood 1 Sample 5 (W<sub>1</sub>S<sub>5</sub>) which was composed of 40% rPE, 40% rPET and 20% SD (derived from Nuclea diderichii), had the highest percentage elongation (26.84%);the highest flexural strength (14.995 N/mm<sup>2</sup>) and possibly the least carbon footprint in the environment. These properties of W<sub>1</sub>S<sub>5</sub> suggest that it could therefore be the best option for the production of building materials like ceiling boards or floor skirting in the wood plastic composite industry. The results of these investigations have therefore indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and rPET/rPE was technically feasible and had prospects for large scale production in the wood industry.
文摘This work investigated and quantified the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of four (4) tropical timbers as precursor raw materials for possible utilization in the wood plastic industry. The physicochemical properties of the wood samples such as the bulk and tapped density, moisture content, water absorption capacity at 25°C, volatile content, fixed carbon, ash content, alpha cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives contents were determined using standard methods like the European Committee for Standardization and (CEN/TS) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were examined with Fourier Infrared Transform (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that the bulk density values of the timbers ranged from 0.34 g/cm<sup>3</sup> in Brachystegia eurycoma (W<sub>3</sub>) to 0.47 g/cm<sup>3</sup> in Erythrophleum suaveolens (W<sub>2</sub>), with the other timbers, Nuclea diderichii (W<sub>1</sub>) and Prosopis africana (W<sub>4</sub>) having the same bulk density of 0.40 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. With respect to their moisture content, W<sub>2</sub> had the highest value (8.38%) while Nauclea diderrichii had the lowest value (6.52%). The water absorption capacities of the woods studied correlated with the cellulose composition of wood in the order of: W<sub>3</sub> > W<sub>1</sub> > W<sub>4</sub> > W<sub>2</sub>. The FTIR results showed that W<sub>2</sub> and W<sub>3</sub> presented a slightly more prominent and broader band than the other woods at 1731 cm<sup>-1</sup>, in agreement with the higher holocellulose content of these species, while W<sub>2</sub> and W<sub>4</sub> presented the most prominent peaks indicating higher lignin content than W<sub>1</sub> and W<sub>3</sub>. The SEM micrographs of the wood flour samples investigated indicated that the surfaces of the woods were rough and heterogeneous with irregular crystal and brick shaped particles. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) carried out with respect to the chemical composition of the wood samples indicated that there was no statistically significant variation in the wood chemical composition between species as the p-value (0.852) obtained was greater than the critical level of α = 0.05.
基金Financial support provided to the first author from the Department of Science&Technology,Government of India under grant DST/INSPIRE FELLOWSHIP/2012/558
文摘Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as thedetermining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality(perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility(vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism.
基金Funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51008306)
文摘A new kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based on the tests results, we analyzed the mechanical behaviors of the material under different conditions and obtained the inherent influencing laws of some factors on the material＇s dynamic buffering performance. It was shown that the dynamic buffering performance varied directly with impact velocity, and inversely with the void diameter, thickness and buffeting area of the composite material.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52074327,51991361)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2020QE107)
文摘Lost circulation of drilling fluid is one of the most common engineering problems in the drilling process of fractured formations.In this study,an oil-absorbing polymer gel synthesized using compound monomers with rigid and flexible chains was applied to control the oil-based drilling fluid loss while drilling.The microstructure,oil-absorbing performance,and plugging performance the gel was investigated.A large number of dense pores on the surface of the gel were observed,which allowed the oil molecules to enter the internal space of the gel.The initial oil absorption capacity of the gel was fast,and it increased with the increase in the temperature and decrease in the particle size,reaching 20.93 g/g at140℃.At a high temperature of 140℃,the bearing pressure capacity of the gel formula containing particles of different particle sizes reached 7.6 MPa for a fracture of a width of 3 mm,showing that the oil-absorbing gel have excellent plugging performance at high temperature.Plugging mechanism of the gel was investigated through visualized fracture plugging experiments.Results show that the dynamic migratio n,particle-swelling,particle-bridging,particle-aggregation,deformation-filling,and compaction-plugging contribute to the whole lost circulation control process,reflecting that the plugging performance can be effectively enhanced by improving the aggregation and filling degrees of the gel with different particle sizes.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200,2018YFD0900400)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(31922086)supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45).
文摘Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut,which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors(M receptor).This study explored the influences of dietary arecoline on growth performance,intestinal digestion and absorption abilities,antioxidant capacity,and the apical junction complex(AJC)of adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Adult grass carp(608to 1512 g)were fed at 6 graded levels of dietary arecoline(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 mg/kg diet)for 9weeks.The results suggested that appropriate dietary supplementation of arecoline(1.0 mg/kg)increased growth parameters and intestinal growth in adult grass carp(P<0.05),enhanced digestion and absorption capacities(P<0.05),up-regulated muscarinic receptor 3(M3)mRNA level(P<0.05),increased the content of neuropeptide fish substance P(P<0.05),improved antioxidant capacity by activating the Keap1a/Nrf2signaling pathway(P<0.05),reduced intestinal mucosal permeability(P<0.05),and increased m RNA levels of tight junction(TJ)and adherent junction AJ-related proteins in fish by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway(RhoA/ROCK/MLCK/NMII)(P<0.05).In addition,the appropriate arecoline supplementation for adult grass carp was determined to be 1.20,1.21,1.07,and 1.19 mg/kg based on percentage weight gain,lipase activity,serum diamine oxidase,and protein carbonyl,respectively.Overall,to the best of our knowledge,we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary arecoline on intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities and structural integrity in fish and evaluated the appropriate level of supplementation.
文摘The article deals with the information on saline soils of the irrigated land in Mugan-Salyan massif and their appearance reasons. During the study, changes in the physical properties of water, land drainage, groundwater level, mineralization, soil salinity of this territory have been investigated as well. Studies show that in the current territory elevated levels of ground water in drainage and irrigation networks, revealed that their mineralization and the amount of salts in the soil were under bad condition. On the basis on studies measurements for soils state in Mugan-Salyan massif have been presented.
文摘Plain round bars were commonly used as main bars in the design of RC （reinforced concrete） buildings prior to the 1970s. According to previous research investigating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete members constructed with plain round bars, the strength of those members did not reach the calculated flexural strength due to bond slippage of main bars before yielding. It is important, therefore, to investigate the hysteretic bond mechanisms of plain round bars in concrete. In this research, analytical models were proposed to predict hysteretic bond-slip mechanisms between plain round bar and concrete depending on the results of experiments performed by the authors. In addition, the energy absorption capacity and the equivalent viscous damping factors obtained from the experimental results and analytical models are discussed. As a result of comparisons between the experimental data and the analysis models, good agreements were obtained.
文摘The highly active absorbent with oxidization based on fly ash, lime and additive was prepared. Experiments of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out using fixture bed and duct injection. The influencial factors for the absorptive capacity of the absorbent were studied. The absorptive capacities of 120.7 mg for SO 2 and 43.7 mg for NOx were achieved at a Ca/(S+N) molar ratio 1.2, respectively, corresponding removal efficiencies of 87% and 76%, while spent absorbent appeared in the form of dry powder. The optimal temperature and humidity of flue gas treated with this process were shown to be approximately 50℃, and 5% respectively. The mechanism of removal for SO 2 and NOx was investigated. In comparison with traditional dry FGD, this process appears to have lower cost, less complicated configuration and simpler disposal of used absorbent. The valuable references can be provided for industrial application by this process. The foreground of application will be vast in China and in the world.
文摘For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.
