Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia...Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs var/ed temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10^4m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10^4 m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10^4 and 3.3×10^4m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0-10 cm),although not in every station. The maximum number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.展开更多
The potential effects of three heavy metals(Cu,Pb,and Cd)on hatching success of Acartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment ofXiamen Bay were experimentally investigated.The number of A.pacifica nauplii hatched from...The potential effects of three heavy metals(Cu,Pb,and Cd)on hatching success of Acartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment ofXiamen Bay were experimentally investigated.The number of A.pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment sharply decreased with theincrease of metal concentration and exposure time from 3 to 30 d.An increase of the Cu concentration from 34.8 to 348 mg/kg,reducedthe number of hatched nauplii by 46.6%-100%.An increase of the Pb concentration from 75.2 to 752 mg/kg,reduced the number ofhatched nauplii by 21.4%-78.9%.An increase of the Cd concentration from 0.68 to 6.8 mg/kg,reduced the number of hatched naupliiby 31.6%-94.7%.The number of nauplii also significantly decreased with the increase of mixed-metal concentration and exposure timein the mixed-metal test.Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment metal 72-h LC50 values of 1.25 mmol Cu/kg,1.73 mmolPb/kg,and 0.054 mmol Cd/kg,which suggested that Cd was the most toxic to A.pacifica resting eggs in the three tested metals.Theresults indicate that heavy metals with higher concentrations can reduce recruitment of A.pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs toplanktonic population.展开更多
The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment sam...The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment samples decreased with increasing Fuel Oil #0 concentration. The estimated rate of mortality increased markedly with the increase of Fuel Oil #0 concentration. Successive fuel Oil #0 concentrations from 50 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 3.8%-100%. The mortality of A. pacifica resting eggs due to Fuel Oil #0 contamination did not significantly increase as time progressed at each concentration level. The LC50 values of resting eggs, changing from 237.12 to 279.59 mg/kg, remained at an almost stable level in two months. The number of A. pacifica nauplii that hatched from the sediment at 10°C was higher than those from the sediment at 30°C, which indicates that the toxicity of Fuel Oil #0 on A. pacifica resting eggs increases with increasing temperature.展开更多
UV radiation is known to affect aquatic primary producers and their grazers. However, little has been documented on its effects on zooplankton grazing. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of photosynth...UV radiation is known to affect aquatic primary producers and their grazers. However, little has been documented on its effects on zooplankton grazing. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 320-400 nm) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation on grazing, mortality and lipids oxidation of the copepod Acartia pacifica collected from the Xiamen Bay. After 30 min of the exposures, the copepod was fed in darkness with the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at two cell concentrations (2.5 × 10 4 and 2.5 × 10 5 cells/ml). At the low cell concentration, the individuals pre-exposed to PAR (218.0 W/m 2 )+UV-A (48.2 W/m 2 ) or PAR+UV-A+UV-B (2.1 W/m 2 ) showed suppressed clearance and grazing activities compared with those receiving PAR alone, by 22.7% and 17.1% for clearance and by 22.6% and 5.5% for grazing rates, respectively. However, the suppression on clearance and grazing became indistinctive at the high food concentration. Exposures to UV-A and UV-B led to increased lipid oxidation and higher mortality, furthermore, the mortality linearly increased with enhanced oxidation of lipid.展开更多
The variety of aquatic nonindigenous animals in marine habitats worldwide includes more than 16 planktonic Copepoda species.Acartia tonsa is a very successful one,distributed in many seas.Its invasion into European se...The variety of aquatic nonindigenous animals in marine habitats worldwide includes more than 16 planktonic Copepoda species.Acartia tonsa is a very successful one,distributed in many seas.Its invasion into European seas was analyzed before(Brylinski,1981),but from that time A.tonsa extended its range in European aquatic habitats.The author describes the history of the A.tonsa invasion into the Ponto-Caspian basin as well as some misleading earlier publications.Morphologic differences between A.clausi and A.tonsa,the neglect of which led to the wrong identification,were examined.The data on A.tonsa and total copepod dynamics in the Sevastopol Bay during the period of 1976~1996 and the same data on the Caspian Sea since 1981 were analyzed.The average size of A.tonsa in new habitats decreased,and its relative density in the Black and Caspian Seas gradually increased.展开更多
The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica (Copepoda: Calanoida) and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The number of viable eggs in the sediment...The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica (Copepoda: Calanoida) and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The number of viable eggs in the sediment increased from January to May with the increase in the number of planktonic females. When the population of A. pacifica disappeared from the water column, the number of eggs in the sediment began to decrease and reached a low value due to lack of input. The peak of nauplii abundance occurred when the hatching potential of eggs from the sediment was high under the natural environment from February to June. The hatching of resting eggs of A. pacifica was essentially temperature-dependent after suspension, while photoperiod regimes had no significant effect on the hatching. The mean density of subitaneous eggs was 1.122 0 g/cm 3 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.000 2 g/cm 3 . The mean density of diapause eggs was 1.151 2 g/cm 3 with a SD of 0.000 1 g/cm 3 . The sinking rates of subitaneous eggs ranged from 19.55 to 26.17 m/d, while those of diapause eggs ranged from 30.29 to 31.28 m/d. The comparison of the egg deposition time and egg hatching time suggested that in most cases virtually all subitaneous eggs of A. pacifica would settle to the bottom before their hatching even though the eggs have high potential to hatch. The evidence was provided that the seasonal dynamics of A. pacifica is accompanied by benthic-pelagic coupling.展开更多
Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our ...Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .展开更多
文摘Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs var/ed temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10^4m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10^4 m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10^4 and 3.3×10^4m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0-10 cm),although not in every station. The maximum number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40506002,40076034)PRIC Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists(No.JDQ200502).
文摘The potential effects of three heavy metals(Cu,Pb,and Cd)on hatching success of Acartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment ofXiamen Bay were experimentally investigated.The number of A.pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment sharply decreased with theincrease of metal concentration and exposure time from 3 to 30 d.An increase of the Cu concentration from 34.8 to 348 mg/kg,reducedthe number of hatched nauplii by 46.6%-100%.An increase of the Pb concentration from 75.2 to 752 mg/kg,reduced the number ofhatched nauplii by 21.4%-78.9%.An increase of the Cd concentration from 0.68 to 6.8 mg/kg,reduced the number of hatched naupliiby 31.6%-94.7%.The number of nauplii also significantly decreased with the increase of mixed-metal concentration and exposure timein the mixed-metal test.Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment metal 72-h LC50 values of 1.25 mmol Cu/kg,1.73 mmolPb/kg,and 0.054 mmol Cd/kg,which suggested that Cd was the most toxic to A.pacifica resting eggs in the three tested metals.Theresults indicate that heavy metals with higher concentrations can reduce recruitment of A.pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs toplanktonic population.
基金Funded by NNSF of China (No.40506002, 40576065)the SOA Foundation for Young Scientists (No.2006119)PRIC Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists (No. JDQ200502).
文摘The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment samples decreased with increasing Fuel Oil #0 concentration. The estimated rate of mortality increased markedly with the increase of Fuel Oil #0 concentration. Successive fuel Oil #0 concentrations from 50 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 3.8%-100%. The mortality of A. pacifica resting eggs due to Fuel Oil #0 contamination did not significantly increase as time progressed at each concentration level. The LC50 values of resting eggs, changing from 237.12 to 279.59 mg/kg, remained at an almost stable level in two months. The number of A. pacifica nauplii that hatched from the sediment at 10°C was higher than those from the sediment at 30°C, which indicates that the toxicity of Fuel Oil #0 on A. pacifica resting eggs increases with increasing temperature.
基金The Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team Program under contract No. IRT0941Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation under contract No. 11ZR1449900Visiting Scholarship of State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University under contract No. MELRS0919
文摘UV radiation is known to affect aquatic primary producers and their grazers. However, little has been documented on its effects on zooplankton grazing. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 320-400 nm) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation on grazing, mortality and lipids oxidation of the copepod Acartia pacifica collected from the Xiamen Bay. After 30 min of the exposures, the copepod was fed in darkness with the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at two cell concentrations (2.5 × 10 4 and 2.5 × 10 5 cells/ml). At the low cell concentration, the individuals pre-exposed to PAR (218.0 W/m 2 )+UV-A (48.2 W/m 2 ) or PAR+UV-A+UV-B (2.1 W/m 2 ) showed suppressed clearance and grazing activities compared with those receiving PAR alone, by 22.7% and 17.1% for clearance and by 22.6% and 5.5% for grazing rates, respectively. However, the suppression on clearance and grazing became indistinctive at the high food concentration. Exposures to UV-A and UV-B led to increased lipid oxidation and higher mortality, furthermore, the mortality linearly increased with enhanced oxidation of lipid.
文摘The variety of aquatic nonindigenous animals in marine habitats worldwide includes more than 16 planktonic Copepoda species.Acartia tonsa is a very successful one,distributed in many seas.Its invasion into European seas was analyzed before(Brylinski,1981),but from that time A.tonsa extended its range in European aquatic habitats.The author describes the history of the A.tonsa invasion into the Ponto-Caspian basin as well as some misleading earlier publications.Morphologic differences between A.clausi and A.tonsa,the neglect of which led to the wrong identification,were examined.The data on A.tonsa and total copepod dynamics in the Sevastopol Bay during the period of 1976~1996 and the same data on the Caspian Sea since 1981 were analyzed.The average size of A.tonsa in new habitats decreased,and its relative density in the Black and Caspian Seas gradually increased.
基金We appreciate the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40506002 and 40076034the State 0ceanic Administration Foundation for Young Scientists of China under contract No.2006119the Polar Research Institute of China Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists of China under contract No.JDQ200502.
文摘The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica (Copepoda: Calanoida) and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The number of viable eggs in the sediment increased from January to May with the increase in the number of planktonic females. When the population of A. pacifica disappeared from the water column, the number of eggs in the sediment began to decrease and reached a low value due to lack of input. The peak of nauplii abundance occurred when the hatching potential of eggs from the sediment was high under the natural environment from February to June. The hatching of resting eggs of A. pacifica was essentially temperature-dependent after suspension, while photoperiod regimes had no significant effect on the hatching. The mean density of subitaneous eggs was 1.122 0 g/cm 3 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.000 2 g/cm 3 . The mean density of diapause eggs was 1.151 2 g/cm 3 with a SD of 0.000 1 g/cm 3 . The sinking rates of subitaneous eggs ranged from 19.55 to 26.17 m/d, while those of diapause eggs ranged from 30.29 to 31.28 m/d. The comparison of the egg deposition time and egg hatching time suggested that in most cases virtually all subitaneous eggs of A. pacifica would settle to the bottom before their hatching even though the eggs have high potential to hatch. The evidence was provided that the seasonal dynamics of A. pacifica is accompanied by benthic-pelagic coupling.
文摘Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .
