In this commentary on the article entitled“Acute carotid stent thrombosis:A case report and literature review”,the key points of the article are discussed.Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)in the setting of caroti...In this commentary on the article entitled“Acute carotid stent thrombosis:A case report and literature review”,the key points of the article are discussed.Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)in the setting of carotid artery stenting(CAS)represents a rare but potentially catastrophic event.There is a wide range of treatment options available,including carotid endarterectomy,which is generally recommended for cases of refractory ACST.While there is no standard treatment regimen,dual antiplatelet therapy is typically recommended both before and after CAS to reduce risk of ACST.展开更多
Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO) is a rare, life-threatening event so far described mainly in small-scale series. The most common causes of AAO are large saddle emboli to the aortic bifurcation, in-situ thrombosis of an a...Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO) is a rare, life-threatening event so far described mainly in small-scale series. The most common causes of AAO are large saddle emboli to the aortic bifurcation, in-situ thrombosis of an atherosclerotic aorta, and occlusion of previous surgical reconstruction. We present the case of a 52-year-old female with rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy with restricted left ventricular function, atrial fibrillation, and previous cardio-embolic stroke, who was brought to the Emergency Department (ED) with sudden-onset dyspnea and lower backache radiating to both the legs. On arrival at the ED, the patient was electively intubated and mechanically ventilated in view of hypoxia and altered mental status, attributed to respiratory failure secondary to acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The secondary survey revealed absence of bilateral femoral and popliteal artery pulsations. A computed tomography (CT) aortogram showed a complete lumen occlusion thrombus in the infra-renal region of the abdominal aorta at the level of L3-L4 lumbar vertebrae. An emergency embolectomy was performed successfully, following which the patient was started on heparin infusion and managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In the ICU, she suffered a torsade-cardiac arrest, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following rapid defibrillation. She was extubated on Day 3. Three weeks later, she was discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, she had developed ischemic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, for which neuro-rehabilitation was advised. In our case report, we would like to highlight the following key points: 1) The importance of a detailed secondary survey in the Emergency Department (ED). 2) An inter-disciplinary approach to a complex syndrome that ensures the highest probability of a good outcome. .展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs a...BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs and the mechanism is still unclear.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of and to identify predictive factors for irreversible intestinal ischemia requiring surgical resection in AMVT patients treated by TT.METHODS The records of consecutive patients with AMVT treated by TT from January 2010 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared patients who required resection of irreversible intestinal ischemia to patients who did not require.RESULTS Among 58 patients,prompt TT was carried out 28.5 h after admission.A total of 42(72.4%)patients underwent arteriovenous combined thrombolysis,and 16(27.6%)underwent arterial thrombolysis alone.The overall 30-d mortality rate was 8.6%.Irreversible intestinal ischemia was indicated in 32(55.2%)patients,who had a higher 30-d mortality and a longer in-hospital stay than patients without resection.The significant independent predictors of irreversible intestinal ischemia were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score(odds ratio=2.368,95% confidence interval:1.047-5.357,P=0.038)and leukocytosis(odds ratio=2.058,95% confidence interval:1.085-3.903,P=0.027).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve,the cutoff values of the APACHE II score and leukocytosis for predicting the onset of irreversible intestinal ischemia were calculated to be 8.5 and 12×10^9/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Prompt TT could achieve a favorable outcome in AMVT patients.High APACHE II score and leukocytosis can significantly predict the occurrence of irreversible intestinal ischemia.Therefore,close monitoring of these factors may help with the early identification of patients with irreversible intestinal ischemia,in whom ultimately surgical resection is required,before the initiation of TT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute stent thrombosis(AST)is a serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The causes of AST include the use of stents of inappropriate diameters,multiple overlapping stents,or excessiv...BACKGROUND Acute stent thrombosis(AST)is a serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The causes of AST include the use of stents of inappropriate diameters,multiple overlapping stents,or excessively long stents;incomplete stent expansion;poor stent adhesion;incomplete coverage of dissection;formation of thrombosis or intramural hematomas;vascular injury secondary to intraoperative mechanical manipulation;insufficient dose administration of postoperative antiplatelet medications;and resistance to antiplatelet drugs.Cases of AST secondary to coronary artery spasms are rare,with only a few reports in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of back pain for 2 d.He was diagnosed with coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction(AMI)based on electrocardiography results and creatinine kinase myocardial band,troponin I,and troponin T levels.A 2.5 mm×33.0 mm drugeluting stent was inserted into the occluded portion of the right coronary artery.Aspirin,clopidogrel,and atorvastatin were started.Six days later,the patient developed AST after taking a bath in the morning.Repeat coronary angiography showed occlusion of the proximal stent,and intravascular ultrasound showed severe coronary artery spasms.The patient’s AST was thought to be caused by coronary artery spasms and treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Postoperatively,he was administered diltiazem to inhibit coronary artery spasms and prevent future episodes of AST.He survived and reported no discomfort at the 2-mo follow-up after the operation and initiation of drug treatment.CONCLUSION Coronary spasms can cause both AMI and AST.For patients who exhibit coronary spasms during PCI,diltiazem administration could reduce spasms and prevent future AST.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)is a rare but devastating complication in the carotid artery stenting(CAS)procedure.The aim of this article is to report a case and review cases of ACST reported in the l...BACKGROUND Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)is a rare but devastating complication in the carotid artery stenting(CAS)procedure.The aim of this article is to report a case and review cases of ACST reported in the literature,and investigate risk factors and management strategies for ACST.CASE SUMMARY We reviewed the treatment process of a patient with ACST after CAS.Then multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting ACST from 2005 to 2020.The demographic data,risk factors,treatment strategies,and prognosis were extracted and analyzed.CONCLUSION The reason for ACST is multifactorial.Proper patient selection,normative antiplatelet treatment,and perfect technical detail may decrease the incidence of ACST.Several treatment strategies such as thrombolysis,mechanical thrombectomy,and open surgery may be options for the treatment of ACST.Limited data have shown that carotid endarterectomy is effective with favorable results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT)is a rare condition associated with a high mortality rate.The treatment strategy for MVT is clinically challenging due to its insidious onset and rapid develo...BACKGROUND Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT)is a rare condition associated with a high mortality rate.The treatment strategy for MVT is clinically challenging due to its insidious onset and rapid development,especially when accompanied by kidney transplantation.CASE SUMMARY Here we present a rare case of acute MVT developed 3 years after renal transplantation.A 49-year-old patient was admitted with acute abdominal pain and diagnosed as MVT with intestinal necrosis.An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed to remove the infarcted segment of the bowel.Immediate systemic anticoagulation was also initiated.During the treatment,the patient experienced bleeding,anastomotic leakage,and sepsis.However,after aggressive treatment was administered,all thrombi were completely resolved,and the patient recovered with his renal graft function unimpaired.CONCLUSION The present case suggests that accurate diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are important to improve the survival rate of MVT patients.Bleeding with anastomotic fistula needs to be treated with caution because of grafts.Also,previously published cases of mesenteric thrombosis after renal transplantation were reviewed.展开更多
Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any...Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any necrotic intestine.Surgery and endovascular intervention are two complementary approaches to mesenteric ischemia.Endovascular intervention is not an alternative to the surgical approach,but it has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with AMI when judiciously combined with a surgical approach.Due to the need for emergent treatment of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia,the treatment strategy needs to be modified for each facility.This review aims to highlight cutting-edge studies and provide reasonable treatment strategies for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia based on available evidence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging(MB)is increasingly recognized to stimulate atherogenesis,which may contribute to an acute coronary syndrome.Stenting the coronary segment with MB has been recognized to have an increased...BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging(MB)is increasingly recognized to stimulate atherogenesis,which may contribute to an acute coronary syndrome.Stenting the coronary segment with MB has been recognized to have an increased risk of in-stent restenosis,stent fracture and coronary perforation.The safety and efficacy of stenting the culprit lesion with overlaying MB in ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)as primary reperfusion therapy has not been established.CASE SUMMARY We reported a patient who presented with inferior STEMI with a culprit lesion of an acute thrombotic occlusion in the right coronary artery and thrombolysis and thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction 0 flow.After the stent placement during primary percutaneous coronary intervention,intravascular ultrasound revealed MB overlying the stented segment where heavy atherosclerotic plaque were present.Likely due to the combination of plaque herniation or prolapse caused by MB,as well as local increased inflammation and thrombogenicity,acute stent thrombosis occurred at this region,which led to acute stent failure.The patient required an emergent repeated cardiac catheterization and placing a second layer of stent to enhance the radial strength and reduce the inter-strut space.CONCLUSION Plaque herniation or prolapse after stenting a MB segment in STEMI is a potential etiology for acute stent failure.展开更多
文摘In this commentary on the article entitled“Acute carotid stent thrombosis:A case report and literature review”,the key points of the article are discussed.Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)in the setting of carotid artery stenting(CAS)represents a rare but potentially catastrophic event.There is a wide range of treatment options available,including carotid endarterectomy,which is generally recommended for cases of refractory ACST.While there is no standard treatment regimen,dual antiplatelet therapy is typically recommended both before and after CAS to reduce risk of ACST.
文摘Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO) is a rare, life-threatening event so far described mainly in small-scale series. The most common causes of AAO are large saddle emboli to the aortic bifurcation, in-situ thrombosis of an atherosclerotic aorta, and occlusion of previous surgical reconstruction. We present the case of a 52-year-old female with rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy with restricted left ventricular function, atrial fibrillation, and previous cardio-embolic stroke, who was brought to the Emergency Department (ED) with sudden-onset dyspnea and lower backache radiating to both the legs. On arrival at the ED, the patient was electively intubated and mechanically ventilated in view of hypoxia and altered mental status, attributed to respiratory failure secondary to acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The secondary survey revealed absence of bilateral femoral and popliteal artery pulsations. A computed tomography (CT) aortogram showed a complete lumen occlusion thrombus in the infra-renal region of the abdominal aorta at the level of L3-L4 lumbar vertebrae. An emergency embolectomy was performed successfully, following which the patient was started on heparin infusion and managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In the ICU, she suffered a torsade-cardiac arrest, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following rapid defibrillation. She was extubated on Day 3. Three weeks later, she was discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, she had developed ischemic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, for which neuro-rehabilitation was advised. In our case report, we would like to highlight the following key points: 1) The importance of a detailed secondary survey in the Emergency Department (ED). 2) An inter-disciplinary approach to a complex syndrome that ensures the highest probability of a good outcome. .
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770532Jiangsu Province Medical Foundation for Youth Talents,China,No.QNRC2016901.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs and the mechanism is still unclear.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of and to identify predictive factors for irreversible intestinal ischemia requiring surgical resection in AMVT patients treated by TT.METHODS The records of consecutive patients with AMVT treated by TT from January 2010 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared patients who required resection of irreversible intestinal ischemia to patients who did not require.RESULTS Among 58 patients,prompt TT was carried out 28.5 h after admission.A total of 42(72.4%)patients underwent arteriovenous combined thrombolysis,and 16(27.6%)underwent arterial thrombolysis alone.The overall 30-d mortality rate was 8.6%.Irreversible intestinal ischemia was indicated in 32(55.2%)patients,who had a higher 30-d mortality and a longer in-hospital stay than patients without resection.The significant independent predictors of irreversible intestinal ischemia were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score(odds ratio=2.368,95% confidence interval:1.047-5.357,P=0.038)and leukocytosis(odds ratio=2.058,95% confidence interval:1.085-3.903,P=0.027).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve,the cutoff values of the APACHE II score and leukocytosis for predicting the onset of irreversible intestinal ischemia were calculated to be 8.5 and 12×10^9/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Prompt TT could achieve a favorable outcome in AMVT patients.High APACHE II score and leukocytosis can significantly predict the occurrence of irreversible intestinal ischemia.Therefore,close monitoring of these factors may help with the early identification of patients with irreversible intestinal ischemia,in whom ultimately surgical resection is required,before the initiation of TT.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 82000252
文摘BACKGROUND Acute stent thrombosis(AST)is a serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The causes of AST include the use of stents of inappropriate diameters,multiple overlapping stents,or excessively long stents;incomplete stent expansion;poor stent adhesion;incomplete coverage of dissection;formation of thrombosis or intramural hematomas;vascular injury secondary to intraoperative mechanical manipulation;insufficient dose administration of postoperative antiplatelet medications;and resistance to antiplatelet drugs.Cases of AST secondary to coronary artery spasms are rare,with only a few reports in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of back pain for 2 d.He was diagnosed with coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction(AMI)based on electrocardiography results and creatinine kinase myocardial band,troponin I,and troponin T levels.A 2.5 mm×33.0 mm drugeluting stent was inserted into the occluded portion of the right coronary artery.Aspirin,clopidogrel,and atorvastatin were started.Six days later,the patient developed AST after taking a bath in the morning.Repeat coronary angiography showed occlusion of the proximal stent,and intravascular ultrasound showed severe coronary artery spasms.The patient’s AST was thought to be caused by coronary artery spasms and treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Postoperatively,he was administered diltiazem to inhibit coronary artery spasms and prevent future episodes of AST.He survived and reported no discomfort at the 2-mo follow-up after the operation and initiation of drug treatment.CONCLUSION Coronary spasms can cause both AMI and AST.For patients who exhibit coronary spasms during PCI,diltiazem administration could reduce spasms and prevent future AST.
基金Supported by Elite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital,No.ZRJY2021-QM13。
文摘BACKGROUND Acute carotid stent thrombosis(ACST)is a rare but devastating complication in the carotid artery stenting(CAS)procedure.The aim of this article is to report a case and review cases of ACST reported in the literature,and investigate risk factors and management strategies for ACST.CASE SUMMARY We reviewed the treatment process of a patient with ACST after CAS.Then multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting ACST from 2005 to 2020.The demographic data,risk factors,treatment strategies,and prognosis were extracted and analyzed.CONCLUSION The reason for ACST is multifactorial.Proper patient selection,normative antiplatelet treatment,and perfect technical detail may decrease the incidence of ACST.Several treatment strategies such as thrombolysis,mechanical thrombectomy,and open surgery may be options for the treatment of ACST.Limited data have shown that carotid endarterectomy is effective with favorable results.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT)is a rare condition associated with a high mortality rate.The treatment strategy for MVT is clinically challenging due to its insidious onset and rapid development,especially when accompanied by kidney transplantation.CASE SUMMARY Here we present a rare case of acute MVT developed 3 years after renal transplantation.A 49-year-old patient was admitted with acute abdominal pain and diagnosed as MVT with intestinal necrosis.An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed to remove the infarcted segment of the bowel.Immediate systemic anticoagulation was also initiated.During the treatment,the patient experienced bleeding,anastomotic leakage,and sepsis.However,after aggressive treatment was administered,all thrombi were completely resolved,and the patient recovered with his renal graft function unimpaired.CONCLUSION The present case suggests that accurate diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are important to improve the survival rate of MVT patients.Bleeding with anastomotic fistula needs to be treated with caution because of grafts.Also,previously published cases of mesenteric thrombosis after renal transplantation were reviewed.
文摘Acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)is a rare cause of the“acute abdomen”,characterized by impaired blood flow to the intestine.The principle of treatment is restoration of perfusion to ischemic bowel and resection of any necrotic intestine.Surgery and endovascular intervention are two complementary approaches to mesenteric ischemia.Endovascular intervention is not an alternative to the surgical approach,but it has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with AMI when judiciously combined with a surgical approach.Due to the need for emergent treatment of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia,the treatment strategy needs to be modified for each facility.This review aims to highlight cutting-edge studies and provide reasonable treatment strategies for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia based on available evidence.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging(MB)is increasingly recognized to stimulate atherogenesis,which may contribute to an acute coronary syndrome.Stenting the coronary segment with MB has been recognized to have an increased risk of in-stent restenosis,stent fracture and coronary perforation.The safety and efficacy of stenting the culprit lesion with overlaying MB in ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)as primary reperfusion therapy has not been established.CASE SUMMARY We reported a patient who presented with inferior STEMI with a culprit lesion of an acute thrombotic occlusion in the right coronary artery and thrombolysis and thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction 0 flow.After the stent placement during primary percutaneous coronary intervention,intravascular ultrasound revealed MB overlying the stented segment where heavy atherosclerotic plaque were present.Likely due to the combination of plaque herniation or prolapse caused by MB,as well as local increased inflammation and thrombogenicity,acute stent thrombosis occurred at this region,which led to acute stent failure.The patient required an emergent repeated cardiac catheterization and placing a second layer of stent to enhance the radial strength and reduce the inter-strut space.CONCLUSION Plaque herniation or prolapse after stenting a MB segment in STEMI is a potential etiology for acute stent failure.
