Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards th...Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.展开更多
Zn-based aqueous batteries(ZABs) are gaining widespread popularity due to their low cost and high safety profile. However, the application of ZABs faces significant challenges, such as dendrite growth and parasitic re...Zn-based aqueous batteries(ZABs) are gaining widespread popularity due to their low cost and high safety profile. However, the application of ZABs faces significant challenges, such as dendrite growth and parasitic reactions of metallic Zn anodes. Therefore, achieving high-energy–density ZABs necessitates addressing the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics of Zn anodes. Various strategies are available to mitigate these challenges, with electrolyte additive engineering emerging as one of the most efficient and promising approaches. Despite considerable research in this field, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms behind the high performance of electrolyte additives remains limited. This review aims to provide a detailed introduction to functional electrolyte additives and thoroughly explore their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses potential directions and perspectives in additive engineering for ZABs, offering insights into future development and guidelines for achieving high-performance ZABs.展开更多
Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characte...Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characteristics within perovskite films are subject to modulation by various factors,including crystalline orientation,morphology,and crystalline quality.Achieving preferred crystalline orientation and film morphology via a solution-based process is challenging for Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films.In this work,we employed thiourea as an additive to optimize crystal orientation,enhance film morphology,promote crystallization,and achieve phase purity.Thiourea lowers the surface energy of the(222)plane along the(111)direction,confirmed by x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies,and density functional theory calculations.Varying thiourea concentration enables a bandgap tuning of Cs_(2)SnI_(6) from 1.52 eV to1.07 eV.This approach provides a novel method for utilizing Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films in high-performance optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Sb_(2)S_(3)is a promising candidate for the flexible solar cells or the top subcells in tandem solar cells due to its wide-bandgap,less toxic,acceptable cost and progressive power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,th...Sb_(2)S_(3)is a promising candidate for the flexible solar cells or the top subcells in tandem solar cells due to its wide-bandgap,less toxic,acceptable cost and progressive power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,the poor quality and high trap states of Sb_(2)S_(3)films limit the device performance further enhancement.Herein,we adopt a multidentate ionic liquid,tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate([TMA][PF_(6)])as a novel additive to address this issue.The octahedral[PF_(6)]~-contains six different oriented fluorine atoms with the lone pair electrons,which could coordinate with Sb atoms due to the multidentate anchoring.Thus,the high-quality Sb_(2)S_(3)film with low trap states has been achieved.Moreover,the Fermi level of the Sb_(2)S_(3)film has been upshifted,thereby showing an effective charge transfer.As a result,all photovoltaic parameters of the optimized Sb_(2)S_(3)devices are obviously enhanced,boosting the final PCE from 4.43(control device)to 6.83%.Our study about the multidentate anchoring is manifested to be an effective method to enhance the Sb_(2)S_(3)device performance.展开更多
In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide ...In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide application.The efficiency gap between IPSCs and regular structures has shrunk to less than 1%.Over the past few years,IPSC research has mainly focused on optimizing power conversion efficiency to accelerate the development of IPSCs.This review provides an overview of recent improvements in the efficiency of IPSCs,including interface engineering and novel film production techniques to overcome critical obstacles.Tandem and integrated applications of IPSCs are also summarized.Furthermore,prospects for further development of IPSCs are discussed,including the development of new materials,methods,and device structures for novel IPSCs to meet the requirements of commercialization.展开更多
Understanding the effect of additive on the interfacial charge-carrier transfer dynamics is very crucial to obtaining highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we designed a simple additive,dimethyl oxalate...Understanding the effect of additive on the interfacial charge-carrier transfer dynamics is very crucial to obtaining highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we designed a simple additive,dimethyl oxalate(DO),functioning as an effective defect passivator of perovskite grain boundaries via the coordination interaction between the carbonyl(C=O)and the exposed Pb^(2+).The modification with DO produces pinhole-free and compact perovskite films,enhancing the transportation capability of carriers.As a consequence,the DO-treated PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 22.19%,which is significantly higher than that of the control device without additive(19.58%).More importantly,detailed transient absorption characterization reveals that the use of additive can decrease the hot-carrier cooling dynamics,improve the carrier transfer,and eliminate nonradiative recombination in PSCs.This present work provides a profound understanding the additives effect on the carrier dynamics in PSCs toward the Shockley-Queisser limit.展开更多
The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite films.To address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,C_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2...The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite films.To address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,C_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric properties.It is believed that the C=O bond on LF molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative recombination.This novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric devices.The trifluoromethyl functional(–CF_(3))group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from water erosion.Moreover,LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film quality.Consequently,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric performance.The LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),which is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without LF.The responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respectively,which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite photodetector.Meanwhile,the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental stability.This strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.展开更多
Defects as non-radiative recombination centers hinder the further efficiency improvements of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Additive engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective method for defect passivation in ...Defects as non-radiative recombination centers hinder the further efficiency improvements of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Additive engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective method for defect passivation in perovskite films.Here,we employed(4-methoxyphenyl)potassium trifluoroborate(C_(7)H_(7)BF_(3)KO)with and K+functional groups to passivate spray-coated(FAPbI_(3))_(x)(MAPbBr_(3))_(1-x) perovskite and eliminate hysteresis.It is shown that the F of can form hydrogen bonds with the H atom in the amino group of MA+/FA+ions of perovskite,thus reducing the generation of MA+/FA+vacancies and improving device efficiency.Meanwhile,K+and reduced MA+/FA+vacancies can inhibit ion migration,thereby eliminating hysteresis.With the aid of C_(7)H_(7)BF_(3)KO,we obtained hysteresis-free PSCs with the maximum efficiency of 19.5%by spray-coating in air.Our work demonstrates that additive engineering is promising to improve the performance of spray-coated PSCs.展开更多
Suppressing the nonradiative recombination in the bulk and surface of perovskite film is highly desired to improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this study...Suppressing the nonradiative recombination in the bulk and surface of perovskite film is highly desired to improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this study,a benzotriazole derivative(6-chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole,Cl-HOBT)is applied to improve the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI3)perovskite film.Meanwhile,incorporation of Cl-HOBT elongates the photoluminescence carrier lifetime and chargerecombination lifetime,implying the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination is greatly suppressed.Besides,the improved energy level alignment and enhanced built-in potential are conducive to the charge carrier separation and transfer process with Cl-HOBT.Consequently,a PCE of 20.27%and an open-circuit voltage(Voc)of 1.09 V are achieved for the inverted MAPbI3 PSCs,along with an 85%maintaining of the initial PCE under stored at relative humidity of 20%for 500 h.Furthermore,the existence of Cl-HOBT could inhibit the formation of Pb0 defect under prolonged UV illumination to retard the degradation of perovskite film.It is believed that this study paves a novel path for the realization of highefficiency PSCs with UV-stability.展开更多
CsPbI_(2)Br-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention because of their excellent phase stability and appropriate bandgap.However,numerous defects of undercoordinated ions or mobile species are th...CsPbI_(2)Br-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention because of their excellent phase stability and appropriate bandgap.However,numerous defects of undercoordinated ions or mobile species are the sites of carrier nonradiative recombination,causing a low power conversion efficiency(PCE).In this work,NaCl and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots(N-GQDs)as binary additives are introduced into perovskite precursor to obtain high-quality photoactive films.Chloride ion(Cl^(-))is incorporated into perovskite due to the same physical and chemical properties as bromine(Br^(-)),that align the energy level of CsPbI_(2)Br,decrease the energy barrier between perovskite and P3HT to promote carrier transport and extraction,hence result in the reduced energy loss.Meanwhile,because of its good conductivity,N-GQDs at grain boundaries can rapidly conduct photogenerated electrons to SnO_(2),suppressing carrier recombination at grain boundaries.Furthermore,the trap state density of the CsPbI_(2)Br film with binary additives is reduced,which could prolong the carrier lifetime,and improve surface morphology.As a result,a PCE of 15.37%for CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with binary additives is obtained,which shows~22.76%relative increment compare with the pristine PSCs.Therefore,a simple and convenient optimization strategy of binary additives for PSCs is proposed in this work.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for large-scale energy storage,due to the advantages of high-safety,high energy...Aqueous zinc metal batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for large-scale energy storage,due to the advantages of high-safety,high energy density and low cost.As the bridge connecting cathode and anode,electrolyte provides a realistic operating environment.In alkaline and neutral aqueous zinc metal batteries,issues associated with electrolyte and anode are still intractable.In this review,we reveal the development and evolution of electrolytes for aqueous zinc metal batteries from alkaline to neutral via the description of fundamentals and challenges in terms of comparison and connection.We also elaborate the strategies in electrolytes regulation and highlight the basic roles and progresses in additives engineering.展开更多
Sb_(2)S_(3) is a promising photovoltaic absorber with appropriate bandgap,excellent light absorption coefficient and great stability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)S_(3) planar thin film solar ce...Sb_(2)S_(3) is a promising photovoltaic absorber with appropriate bandgap,excellent light absorption coefficient and great stability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)S_(3) planar thin film solar cells is unsatisfactory for further commercial application due to low crystallinity and high resistivity of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Here,we introduce an additive of 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl Chloride(CSCl)to alleviate these problems.The CSCl molecular contains two terminal Cl with lone pair electrons,which have the interaction with Sb atoms.Thus,the Sb_(2)S_(3) film with enhanced crystallization and low trap states has been obtained and the resistivity is also decreased.Furthermore,CSCl additive raises the Fermi level of the Sb_(2)S_(3) film,thereby enhancing the transport of electron from Sb_(2)S_(3) to TiO_(2).Consequently,the optimal PCE of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells is raised from 4.20%(control device)to 5.84%.Our research demonstrates a novel additive to enhance the photoelectric performance of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells.展开更多
Functional additives have recently been regarded as emerging candidates to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,nicotinamide(N),2-chloronicotinamide(2Cl),and 6-chloronicotinamid...Functional additives have recently been regarded as emerging candidates to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,nicotinamide(N),2-chloronicotinamide(2Cl),and 6-chloronicotinamide(6Cl)were employed as O-ligands to facilitate the deposition of MAPbI_(3)(MA=methylammonium)and MA-free FA_(0.88)Cs_(0.12)PbI_(2.64)Br_(0.36)(FA=formamidinium)perovskite films by multifunctional anchoring.By density functional theory(DFT)calculations and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)measurements,it is identified that the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level for additive modified MAPbI_(3)perovskite could reduce the voltage deficit for hole extraction.Moreover,due to the most favorable charge distribution and significant improvements in charge mobility and defect passivation,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 2Cl-MAPbI_(3)PSCs was significantly improved from 19.32%to 21.12%.More importantly,the two-dimensional grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS)analysis showed that PbI_(2) defects were effectively suppressed and femtosecond transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy demonstrated that the trap-assisted recombination at grain boundaries was effectively inhibited in the 2Cl-MA-free film.As a result,the thermally stable 2Cl-MA-free PSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 23.13%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))of 1.164 V and an ultrahigh fill factor(FF)of 85.7%.Our work offers a practical strategy for further commercializing stable and efficient PSCs.展开更多
Defect passivation is one of the important strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.In this work,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT)as antioxidant was introduced into the perovski...Defect passivation is one of the important strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.In this work,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT)as antioxidant was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to improve the quality of the prepared perovskite films,so that these films performed a larger and uniform grain size.Moreover,the-OH functional group in BHT interacts with I-,thus reducing the density of defect states and inhibiting the non-radiative recombination.The presence of hydrophobic groups in BHT protects the film from moisture erosion and improves the long-term stability of PSCs devices.The maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the constructed ITO/SnO_(2)/BHTMAPbI_(3)/Carbon device is 16.88%,and the unpackaged cell maintains the initial efficiency of 99.3%after698 h of storage under the environmental condition of 30%humidity.This work provides an efficient approach to improve the performance of printable hole transport layer-free carbon electrode perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have rapidly developed in the past few years,with a record efficiency exceeding 25%.However,the long-term stability of PSCs remains a challenge and limits their practical application.Many h...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have rapidly developed in the past few years,with a record efficiency exceeding 25%.However,the long-term stability of PSCs remains a challenge and limits their practical application.Many high-performance PSCs have an n-i-p device architecture employing 4-tert-butylpyridine(t-BP)and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt(Li-TFSI)as bi-dopants for the hole-transporting layer(HTL).However,the hygroscopicity of Li-TFSI and low boiling point of t-BP negatively impact the moisture stability of these PSC devices.Herein,we report the use of the fluorine-containing hydrophobic compound tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine(35FP)as a dopant for poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA).With better hydrophobicity and stability than undoped PTAA,a PSC device containing 35FP-doped PTAA demonstrated improved charge transport properties and reduced trap density,leading to a significant enhancement in performance.In addition,the long-term stability of a 35FP-doped PTAA PSC under air exposure without encapsulation was demonstrated,with 80%of the initial device efficiency maintained for 1,000 h.This work provides a new approach for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs to explore hydrophobic dopants as a substitute for hydrophilic Li-TFSI/t-BP.展开更多
The effects of Sr addition and pressure increase on the microstructure and casting defects of a low-pressure die cast （LPDC） AISi7Mg0.3 alloy have been studied. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been...The effects of Sr addition and pressure increase on the microstructure and casting defects of a low-pressure die cast （LPDC） AISi7Mg0.3 alloy have been studied. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the microstructural changes and the amount of porosity occurring at different Sr levels and pressure parameters. The results indicate that an increase in the filling pressure induces lower heat dissipation of the liquid close to the die/core surfaces, with the formation of slightly greater dendrite arms and coarser eutectic Si particles. On the other hand, the increase in the Sr level leads to finer microstructural scale and eutectic Si. The analysed variables, within the experimental conditions, do not affect the morphology of eutectic Si particles. Higher applied pressure and Sr content generate castings with lower amount of porosiW. However, as the filling pressure increases the flow of metal inside the die cavity is more turbulent, leading to the formation of oxide films and cold shots. In the analysed range of experimental conditions, the design of experiment methodology and the analysis of variance have been used to develop statistical models that accurately predict the average size of secondary dendrite arm spacing and the amount of porosity in the low-pressure die cast AISiTMg0.3 alloy.展开更多
基金the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program under Grant SEV-2013-0295 for the postdoctoral contract to H.X.To the Solar Era.Net Cofund 2(EU)and the AEI(Spain)for the project Pr Oper Photo Mi Le(Ref 12 and PCI2020-112185)the Spanish State Research Agency for the grant Self-Power(PID2019-10^(4)272RB-C54/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+2 种基金the Agència de Gestiód’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca(AGAUR)for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 217 SGR 329 and the Xarxa d’R+D+I Energy for Society(XRE4S)CONACYT for the scholarship to C.P.ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO(Grant No.SEV-2017-0706)funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.
基金financially National Natural Science Foundation of China (22309165)Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Province (242300421126)+6 种基金Talent Development Funding Project of Shanghai (2021030)Joint Fund of Science and Technology R&D Plan of Henan Province (232301420053)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2023M743170)Key Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province (24A530010, and 23A530002)Key Laboratory of Adv. Mater. of Ministry of Education (Adv Mat2023-17)State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry Jilin University (2024-34)Frontier Exploration Projects of Longmen Laboratory of Henan (LMQYTSKT021)。
文摘Zn-based aqueous batteries(ZABs) are gaining widespread popularity due to their low cost and high safety profile. However, the application of ZABs faces significant challenges, such as dendrite growth and parasitic reactions of metallic Zn anodes. Therefore, achieving high-energy–density ZABs necessitates addressing the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics of Zn anodes. Various strategies are available to mitigate these challenges, with electrolyte additive engineering emerging as one of the most efficient and promising approaches. Despite considerable research in this field, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms behind the high performance of electrolyte additives remains limited. This review aims to provide a detailed introduction to functional electrolyte additives and thoroughly explore their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, it discusses potential directions and perspectives in additive engineering for ZABs, offering insights into future development and guidelines for achieving high-performance ZABs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12174275,62174113,61874139,61904201,and 11875088)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2019B1515120057)。
文摘Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characteristics within perovskite films are subject to modulation by various factors,including crystalline orientation,morphology,and crystalline quality.Achieving preferred crystalline orientation and film morphology via a solution-based process is challenging for Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films.In this work,we employed thiourea as an additive to optimize crystal orientation,enhance film morphology,promote crystallization,and achieve phase purity.Thiourea lowers the surface energy of the(222)plane along the(111)direction,confirmed by x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies,and density functional theory calculations.Varying thiourea concentration enables a bandgap tuning of Cs_(2)SnI_(6) from 1.52 eV to1.07 eV.This approach provides a novel method for utilizing Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
基金financially supported by the Basic Research Fund for Free Exploration in Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20180306171402878)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072228,51571166 and 21603175)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102019JC005)。
文摘Sb_(2)S_(3)is a promising candidate for the flexible solar cells or the top subcells in tandem solar cells due to its wide-bandgap,less toxic,acceptable cost and progressive power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,the poor quality and high trap states of Sb_(2)S_(3)films limit the device performance further enhancement.Herein,we adopt a multidentate ionic liquid,tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate([TMA][PF_(6)])as a novel additive to address this issue.The octahedral[PF_(6)]~-contains six different oriented fluorine atoms with the lone pair electrons,which could coordinate with Sb atoms due to the multidentate anchoring.Thus,the high-quality Sb_(2)S_(3)film with low trap states has been achieved.Moreover,the Fermi level of the Sb_(2)S_(3)film has been upshifted,thereby showing an effective charge transfer.As a result,all photovoltaic parameters of the optimized Sb_(2)S_(3)devices are obviously enhanced,boosting the final PCE from 4.43(control device)to 6.83%.Our study about the multidentate anchoring is manifested to be an effective method to enhance the Sb_(2)S_(3)device performance.
基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(GRF Grant Nos.15221320,CRF C7018-20G)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Project No.JCYJ 20200109105003940,SGDX20201103095403016)+6 种基金the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(GHP/205/20SZ)the Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)provided by the Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitythe GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(GDSTC No.2019B121205001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91963129)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(Grant No.2018B030322001)the Student Innovation Training Program(Grant Nos.2021S07)from Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)the Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(pdjh2022c0003&pdjh2022c0005)。
文摘In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide application.The efficiency gap between IPSCs and regular structures has shrunk to less than 1%.Over the past few years,IPSC research has mainly focused on optimizing power conversion efficiency to accelerate the development of IPSCs.This review provides an overview of recent improvements in the efficiency of IPSCs,including interface engineering and novel film production techniques to overcome critical obstacles.Tandem and integrated applications of IPSCs are also summarized.Furthermore,prospects for further development of IPSCs are discussed,including the development of new materials,methods,and device structures for novel IPSCs to meet the requirements of commercialization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22065038)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(KC10110419)+4 种基金High-Level Talents Introduction in Yunnan Province(C619300A010)the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Yunnan(K264202006820)International Joint Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials of Yunnan Province(202003AE140001)the Program for Excellent Young Talents of Yunnan UniversityMajor Science and Technology Project of Precious Metal Materials Genetic Engineering in Yunnan Province(No.2019ZE001-1,202002AB080001-6)for financial support.
文摘Understanding the effect of additive on the interfacial charge-carrier transfer dynamics is very crucial to obtaining highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we designed a simple additive,dimethyl oxalate(DO),functioning as an effective defect passivator of perovskite grain boundaries via the coordination interaction between the carbonyl(C=O)and the exposed Pb^(2+).The modification with DO produces pinhole-free and compact perovskite films,enhancing the transportation capability of carriers.As a consequence,the DO-treated PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 22.19%,which is significantly higher than that of the control device without additive(19.58%).More importantly,detailed transient absorption characterization reveals that the use of additive can decrease the hot-carrier cooling dynamics,improve the carrier transfer,and eliminate nonradiative recombination in PSCs.This present work provides a profound understanding the additives effect on the carrier dynamics in PSCs toward the Shockley-Queisser limit.
文摘The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite films.To address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,C_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric properties.It is believed that the C=O bond on LF molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative recombination.This novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric devices.The trifluoromethyl functional(–CF_(3))group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from water erosion.Moreover,LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film quality.Consequently,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric performance.The LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),which is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without LF.The responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respectively,which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite photodetector.Meanwhile,the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental stability.This strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51861145101).
文摘Defects as non-radiative recombination centers hinder the further efficiency improvements of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Additive engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective method for defect passivation in perovskite films.Here,we employed(4-methoxyphenyl)potassium trifluoroborate(C_(7)H_(7)BF_(3)KO)with and K+functional groups to passivate spray-coated(FAPbI_(3))_(x)(MAPbBr_(3))_(1-x) perovskite and eliminate hysteresis.It is shown that the F of can form hydrogen bonds with the H atom in the amino group of MA+/FA+ions of perovskite,thus reducing the generation of MA+/FA+vacancies and improving device efficiency.Meanwhile,K+and reduced MA+/FA+vacancies can inhibit ion migration,thereby eliminating hysteresis.With the aid of C_(7)H_(7)BF_(3)KO,we obtained hysteresis-free PSCs with the maximum efficiency of 19.5%by spray-coating in air.Our work demonstrates that additive engineering is promising to improve the performance of spray-coated PSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC (No. 51702038)the Sichuan Science & Technology Program (No. 2020YFG0061)the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals。
文摘Suppressing the nonradiative recombination in the bulk and surface of perovskite film is highly desired to improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this study,a benzotriazole derivative(6-chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole,Cl-HOBT)is applied to improve the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI3)perovskite film.Meanwhile,incorporation of Cl-HOBT elongates the photoluminescence carrier lifetime and chargerecombination lifetime,implying the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination is greatly suppressed.Besides,the improved energy level alignment and enhanced built-in potential are conducive to the charge carrier separation and transfer process with Cl-HOBT.Consequently,a PCE of 20.27%and an open-circuit voltage(Voc)of 1.09 V are achieved for the inverted MAPbI3 PSCs,along with an 85%maintaining of the initial PCE under stored at relative humidity of 20%for 500 h.Furthermore,the existence of Cl-HOBT could inhibit the formation of Pb0 defect under prolonged UV illumination to retard the degradation of perovskite film.It is believed that this study paves a novel path for the realization of highefficiency PSCs with UV-stability.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61804070 and 11674138)the Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province(No.20JR10RA611 and 21JR7RA467)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2021-60 and lzujbky-2021-sp54).
文摘CsPbI_(2)Br-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention because of their excellent phase stability and appropriate bandgap.However,numerous defects of undercoordinated ions or mobile species are the sites of carrier nonradiative recombination,causing a low power conversion efficiency(PCE).In this work,NaCl and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots(N-GQDs)as binary additives are introduced into perovskite precursor to obtain high-quality photoactive films.Chloride ion(Cl^(-))is incorporated into perovskite due to the same physical and chemical properties as bromine(Br^(-)),that align the energy level of CsPbI_(2)Br,decrease the energy barrier between perovskite and P3HT to promote carrier transport and extraction,hence result in the reduced energy loss.Meanwhile,because of its good conductivity,N-GQDs at grain boundaries can rapidly conduct photogenerated electrons to SnO_(2),suppressing carrier recombination at grain boundaries.Furthermore,the trap state density of the CsPbI_(2)Br film with binary additives is reduced,which could prolong the carrier lifetime,and improve surface morphology.As a result,a PCE of 15.37%for CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with binary additives is obtained,which shows~22.76%relative increment compare with the pristine PSCs.Therefore,a simple and convenient optimization strategy of binary additives for PSCs is proposed in this work.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0116)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(No.A1098531023601355).
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for large-scale energy storage,due to the advantages of high-safety,high energy density and low cost.As the bridge connecting cathode and anode,electrolyte provides a realistic operating environment.In alkaline and neutral aqueous zinc metal batteries,issues associated with electrolyte and anode are still intractable.In this review,we reveal the development and evolution of electrolytes for aqueous zinc metal batteries from alkaline to neutral via the description of fundamentals and challenges in terms of comparison and connection.We also elaborate the strategies in electrolytes regulation and highlight the basic roles and progresses in additives engineering.
基金This research is supported by the Key Research and Development Program from Shaanxi Province,China(2020GXLH-Z-025)the Shaanxi International Cooperation Project,China(2020KWZ-018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(3102019ghxm003,3102019JC005,3102019ghjd001).
文摘Sb_(2)S_(3) is a promising photovoltaic absorber with appropriate bandgap,excellent light absorption coefficient and great stability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)S_(3) planar thin film solar cells is unsatisfactory for further commercial application due to low crystallinity and high resistivity of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Here,we introduce an additive of 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl Chloride(CSCl)to alleviate these problems.The CSCl molecular contains two terminal Cl with lone pair electrons,which have the interaction with Sb atoms.Thus,the Sb_(2)S_(3) film with enhanced crystallization and low trap states has been obtained and the resistivity is also decreased.Furthermore,CSCl additive raises the Fermi level of the Sb_(2)S_(3) film,thereby enhancing the transport of electron from Sb_(2)S_(3) to TiO_(2).Consequently,the optimal PCE of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells is raised from 4.20%(control device)to 5.84%.Our research demonstrates a novel additive to enhance the photoelectric performance of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702038,U21A20331,51773212 and 81903743)the Sichuan Science&Technology Program(2020YFG0061)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(21925506)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2021J192).
文摘Functional additives have recently been regarded as emerging candidates to improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,nicotinamide(N),2-chloronicotinamide(2Cl),and 6-chloronicotinamide(6Cl)were employed as O-ligands to facilitate the deposition of MAPbI_(3)(MA=methylammonium)and MA-free FA_(0.88)Cs_(0.12)PbI_(2.64)Br_(0.36)(FA=formamidinium)perovskite films by multifunctional anchoring.By density functional theory(DFT)calculations and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)measurements,it is identified that the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)level for additive modified MAPbI_(3)perovskite could reduce the voltage deficit for hole extraction.Moreover,due to the most favorable charge distribution and significant improvements in charge mobility and defect passivation,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 2Cl-MAPbI_(3)PSCs was significantly improved from 19.32%to 21.12%.More importantly,the two-dimensional grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS)analysis showed that PbI_(2) defects were effectively suppressed and femtosecond transient absorption(TA)spectroscopy demonstrated that the trap-assisted recombination at grain boundaries was effectively inhibited in the 2Cl-MA-free film.As a result,the thermally stable 2Cl-MA-free PSCs achieved a remarkable PCE of 23.13%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))of 1.164 V and an ultrahigh fill factor(FF)of 85.7%.Our work offers a practical strategy for further commercializing stable and efficient PSCs.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22169022,22162026 and 62104137)the Shaanxi Technical Innovation Guidance Project of China(No.2018HJCG-17)+1 种基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021173)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702058)。
文摘Defect passivation is one of the important strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.In this work,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT)as antioxidant was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to improve the quality of the prepared perovskite films,so that these films performed a larger and uniform grain size.Moreover,the-OH functional group in BHT interacts with I-,thus reducing the density of defect states and inhibiting the non-radiative recombination.The presence of hydrophobic groups in BHT protects the film from moisture erosion and improves the long-term stability of PSCs devices.The maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the constructed ITO/SnO_(2)/BHTMAPbI_(3)/Carbon device is 16.88%,and the unpackaged cell maintains the initial efficiency of 99.3%after698 h of storage under the environmental condition of 30%humidity.This work provides an efficient approach to improve the performance of printable hole transport layer-free carbon electrode perovskite solar cells.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61974054 and 61675088)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of Jilin(No.20190701023GH)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Developing Scheme of Jilin Province(Nos.20200401045GX)the Project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(No.20190302011G).
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have rapidly developed in the past few years,with a record efficiency exceeding 25%.However,the long-term stability of PSCs remains a challenge and limits their practical application.Many high-performance PSCs have an n-i-p device architecture employing 4-tert-butylpyridine(t-BP)and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt(Li-TFSI)as bi-dopants for the hole-transporting layer(HTL).However,the hygroscopicity of Li-TFSI and low boiling point of t-BP negatively impact the moisture stability of these PSC devices.Herein,we report the use of the fluorine-containing hydrophobic compound tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine(35FP)as a dopant for poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA).With better hydrophobicity and stability than undoped PTAA,a PSC device containing 35FP-doped PTAA demonstrated improved charge transport properties and reduced trap density,leading to a significant enhancement in performance.In addition,the long-term stability of a 35FP-doped PTAA PSC under air exposure without encapsulation was demonstrated,with 80%of the initial device efficiency maintained for 1,000 h.This work provides a new approach for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs to explore hydrophobic dopants as a substitute for hydrophilic Li-TFSI/t-BP.
文摘The effects of Sr addition and pressure increase on the microstructure and casting defects of a low-pressure die cast （LPDC） AISi7Mg0.3 alloy have been studied. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the microstructural changes and the amount of porosity occurring at different Sr levels and pressure parameters. The results indicate that an increase in the filling pressure induces lower heat dissipation of the liquid close to the die/core surfaces, with the formation of slightly greater dendrite arms and coarser eutectic Si particles. On the other hand, the increase in the Sr level leads to finer microstructural scale and eutectic Si. The analysed variables, within the experimental conditions, do not affect the morphology of eutectic Si particles. Higher applied pressure and Sr content generate castings with lower amount of porosiW. However, as the filling pressure increases the flow of metal inside the die cavity is more turbulent, leading to the formation of oxide films and cold shots. In the analysed range of experimental conditions, the design of experiment methodology and the analysis of variance have been used to develop statistical models that accurately predict the average size of secondary dendrite arm spacing and the amount of porosity in the low-pressure die cast AISiTMg0.3 alloy.
