Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our...Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common musculoskeletal disease,and it is a major cause of pain,disability and health burden.Pain is the most common and bothersome presentation of OA,but its treatment is still suboptimal...Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common musculoskeletal disease,and it is a major cause of pain,disability and health burden.Pain is the most common and bothersome presentation of OA,but its treatment is still suboptimal,due to the short-term action of employed analgesics and their poor adverse effect profile.Due to their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been extensively investigated as a potential therapy for OA,and numerous preclinical and clinical studies found a significant improvement in joint pathology and function,pain scores and/or quality of life after administration of MSCs.Only a limited number of studies,however,addressed pain control as the primary end-point or investigated the potential mechanisms of analgesia induced by MSCs.In this paper,we review the evidence reported in literature that support the analgesic action of MSCs in OA,and we summarize the potential mechanisms of these antinociceptive effects.展开更多
Paracetamol (PCM) is enlisted in the WHO model list as an essential medicine for pain and palliative care, but at overdose, it causes hepatic damage. This study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy and hepato...Paracetamol (PCM) is enlisted in the WHO model list as an essential medicine for pain and palliative care, but at overdose, it causes hepatic damage. This study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy and hepatoprotective property of a solid dispersion (SD) loaded with PCM. A number of PCM loaded formulations (PSDs) were fabricated using silica alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol and/or Na-citrate followed by in-vitro dissolution profiling. Selected PSDs with improved dissolution profile were subjected to solid-state characterization (DSC, PXRD, FTIR, and SEM), stability study along with investigation of in-vivo analgesic efficacy and effect on hepatocytes. Among these, PSD10 showed a rapid and significantly higher in-vitro drug release than pure PCM. This improvement was distinct to other PSDs also. Solid-state characterization of PSD10 authenticated the conversion of crystalline PCM to amorphous form upon formulation. Subsequent oral administration of PSD10 in Swiss albino mice showed 1.44-fold greater analgesic efficacy than pure PCM at dose 30 mg/kg. Besides, at acute toxic dose, liver histology of PSD10 mice was comparable with NC mice indicating hepatic protection upon formulation, whereas the PCM mice showed extensive hepatic necrosis which was also endorsed by significantly higher values of SGPT, SGOT, and ALP than PSD10 mice. Finally, an accelerated stability study of PSD10 performed according to the guideline of ICH noticed no remarkable deviation in its dissolution performance as well as crystalline nature. Thus, this newly developed PSD10 may be a safe and promising alternative for pain management and palliative care.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was esta...Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was established using injections of estradiol benzoate combined with progesterone. The effects of the breast lump resolution detergent on nipple height and diameter in the rat model were observed, along with its impact on serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P). Additionally, the study examined the morphological changes in breast tissue. The impact of the breast nodule detergent on blood rheology parameters was also observed. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the breast nodule detergent was assessed using the cotton ball granuloma experiment, and the analgesic effect was observed using the writhing test. Results: The breast lump resolution detergent reduced nipple height and diameter in the rat model, decreased serum levels of E2, PRL, and P, and alleviated pathological changes in breast tissue. It also lowered hemorheological parameters including whole blood high, medium, and low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, red blood cell deformability index, red blood cell electrophoresis time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute “blood stasis” rat model. The detergent reduced the weight of cotton ball granulomas in mice and decreased the number of writhing episodes caused by acetic acid. Conclusion: The breast lump resolution detergent demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in treating breast hyperplasia, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, exerting anti-inflammatory properties, and providing analgesic effects. The downregulation of serum E2 and PRL levels and the upregulation of P levels may be critical mechanisms underlying its efficacy.展开更多
Background:Peanut shells are a commonly discarded byproduct of peanut processing.However,recent studies have shown that they contain bioactive compounds that have potential health benefits.Specifically,water extract f...Background:Peanut shells are a commonly discarded byproduct of peanut processing.However,recent studies have shown that they contain bioactive compounds that have potential health benefits.Specifically,water extract from peanut shells has been identified as a promising source of these compounds.Therefore,investigating the effects of water extract from peanut shells on coagulation and analgesia in mice could have significant implications for human health.Methods:(1)Analgesic experiments:The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the hot plate method in mice.The aspirin group was used as a positive control group for analgesic experiments.(2)Coagulation experiment:the coagulation effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the capillary method and slide method.Yunnan Baiyao group was the positive control group of the coagulation test.Results:(1)The analgesic effect of peanut shell water extract on mice was prolonged with the increase in dose.The low,medium,and high dose groups of peanut shell could improve the pain domain of mice induced by the hot plate method in a certain period(P<0.05);with the increase of peanut shell water extract dose,liver weight coefficient increased(P<0.05).(2)Peanut shell water extract coagulated mice,and the high-dose group of peanut shells was the most significant.Within the scope of this study,the higher the concentration,the better the coagulation effect(P<0.05).Compared with distilled water group,the liver weight coefficients of the Yunnan Baiyao group,low,middle,and high dose groups of peanut shells were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The aqueous extract of peanut shells has a specific analgesic effect on mice.(2)The aqueous extract of peanut shells promotes coagulation,and the pro-coagulant effect is more significant with increasing dose and the liver weight coefficient increases.展开更多
AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied...AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied to the Shangjuxu(ST37, bilateral) acupoints in model rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Responses of wide dynamic range neurons in dorsal horns of the spinal cord were observed through the extracellular recordings. Mast cells(MC) activity in the colons of rats were assessed, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R) and 5-HT4Rexpressions in the colons were measured.RESULTS Compared with normal control group, responses of wide dynamic range neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were increased in the EA at 1 m A and 3 m A groups(1 m A: 0.84 ± 0.74 vs 2.73 ± 0.65, P < 0.001; 3 m A: 1.91 ± 1.48 vs 6.44 ± 1.26, P < 0.001) and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ groups(43?℃: 1.76 ± 0.81 vs 4.14 ± 1.83, P = 0.001; 46?℃: 5.19 ± 2.03 vs 7.91 ± 2.27, P = 0.01). MC degranulation rates and the expression of 5-HT, 5-HT3 R and 5-HT4 R in the colon of Mox 46?℃ group were decreased compared with model group(MC degranulation rates: 0.47 ± 0.56 vs 0.28 ± 0.78, P < 0.001; 5-HT: 1.42 ± 0.65 vs 7.38 ± 1.12, P < 0.001; 5-HT3R: 6.62 ± 0.77 vs 2.86 ± 0.88, P < 0.001; 5-HT4R: 4.62 ± 0.65 vs 2.22 ± 0.97, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The analgesic effects of Mox at 46?℃ are greater than those of Mox at 43?℃, EA 1 m A and EA 3 m A.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic...Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in albino mice.The anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract was tested by carrageenan induced acute paw edema and histamine induced acute paw edema in rats.Results:The dose 200 mg/kg of P. foetida leaf extract exhibited highest significant analgesic activity[(13.50±0.43) min]at a reaction time of 20 min in hot plate method in mice.The ethanol extract of leaf dose 100 mg/kg produced a highly significant anti inflammatory effect[(1.302±0.079) mL]in rats.Conclusions:It is very clear that P.foetida also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for the pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhi...Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhing,xylene-induced ear edema and castor oil-imluced diarrlieal model were used to evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities,respectively.Acute toxicity test was carried out to fix the safe doses of the plant extract.Results:The plant extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of writhing(P<0.01)compared with the control group in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.The extract also significantly inhibited the xylene induced ear edema formation(P<0.05).In anti-diarrheal test,the extract significantly decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period(P<0.0l)in castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:These results suggest that the extract possesses significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities that support to the ethnopharmacologicl uses of this plant.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus L.(H.annus) in acclimatized Wistar rats.Methods:It was undertaken using the albumin induced paw...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus L.(H.annus) in acclimatized Wistar rats.Methods:It was undertaken using the albumin induced paw edema model of inflammation as well as both the hotplate and tail immersion analgesic test methods.Doses of the extract tested in experimental rats were 0.5 g/kg,2 g/kg and 4 g/kg while negative and positive control rats received distilled water and indomethacin respectively.Results:It was shown that treatment with the tested doses of the extract effectively inhibited paw edema induced by egg albumin.This effect was comparable if not better than the observations made in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally.Treatment with the extract was also observed to have significantly increased the mean tolerance time of rats to thermal noxious stimuli compared to control animals that had distilled water and appeared to be more effective than 10 mg/kg of indomethacin treatment.Conclusions: These observations confirmed the presence of a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-noiciceptive activity in the ethanol extract of the leaves of H.annus and therefore validated the folkloric use of the leaves of this plant in treatment of pro-inflammatory,post traumatic situations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no uniform standard for analgesia during laparoscopic hepatectomy. Most of the analgesia schemes adopt epidural analgesia after laparotomy. Although the analgesia is effective, it has a ...BACKGROUND Currently, there is no uniform standard for analgesia during laparoscopic hepatectomy. Most of the analgesia schemes adopt epidural analgesia after laparotomy. Although the analgesia is effective, it has a great impact on the recovery of patients after laparoscopic hepatectomy and is not completely suitable for analgesia after laparoscopic hepatectomy. Although multimodal perioperative analgesia can significantly relieve postoperative pain, there is no relevant study of parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for post-laparoscopic hepatectomy analgesia. AIM To study the analgesic effect of the preoperative intravenous injection of parecoxib combined with long-acting local anesthetic ropivacaine for incision infiltration in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy. METHODS Forty-eight patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy were randomly divided into a combined group (parecoxib combined with ropivacaine) and a control group. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during movement was used to compare the analgesic effect of the two groups. Meanwhile, the cumulative sufentanil, the recovery time for enterokinesia, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and the adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting) were recorded and compared between the two groups.The change tendency in VAS scores for both groups was similar after operation. At rest, the VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h, and during movement, the VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. The recovery time for enterokinesia in the combined group was 2.9 d, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group. The cumulative sufentanil in the combined group decreased significantly at 24, 36, and 48 h after operation. CONCLUSION Preoperative intravenous injection of parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for incision infiltration is a simple and effective method for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic hepatectomy, which could relieve pain and promote recovery.展开更多
Objective:To investigate potential antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arrensis l.,in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Methods:In vitro DPPH ra...Objective:To investigate potential antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arrensis l.,in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extract.In vivo analgesic activity was carried out by acetic acid—induced writhing test in Swiss albino mice.All studies in mice were undertaken at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Antibacterial activilv was studied by disk diffusion assay against some Gram—positive and Gram—negative bacterial strains.Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to investigate cyloloxicity effects of the plant extract.Results:The extract showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay(IC<sub>50</sub><sup>4</sup>1 μg/mL)compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid(IC<sub>50</sub><sup>1</sup>9 μg/mL).The extract also produced prominent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi.Salmonella paratyphi.Shigella boydii,Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus aureus compared to standard drug kanamycin at the dose of 30 μg/disc.The extract exhibited lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii with the LC<sub>50</sub>,values of 40 μg/mL.and also 90%mortality(LC<sub>90</sub>) value was found to be 160 μg/mL.In analgesic test.the extract demonstrated statistically significant（P【0.01） analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing in white albino mice al both dose levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mentha arvenns L.has potential antioxidant,antibacterial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities that support the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the ex...Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the extract. Methods:The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.While the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin-induced oedema of the rat paw.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results:Triumfetta rhomboidea leaf extract(50 -400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant inhibition on the egg albumin-induced eodema or inflammation in Wister albino rats with P【0.001(ANOVA).This effect was higher than the observed effect with Piroxicam(0.5 mg/kg) which was used as a standard.The effect was also dose-dependent.Furthermore,Triumfetta rhomboidea extract caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,with P【0.001(ANOVA).These effects were also does-dependent and greater than the analgesic effects by paracetamol which was used as a reference drug.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids,steroids, triterpenoids alkaloids,tannins and saponins in Truimfetta rhomboidea leaf extract.Conclusion:Triumfetta rhomboidea can be recommended for acute inflammatory disorders and diseases associated with pains.This also supports its traditional use as an anti-snake bite and anti-cancer or anti-tumor agent.Further study is on the way to find out the mechanism of its action and also to isolate,identify and characterize the active principle responsible for these effects in this plant.展开更多
Objective: To explore anti-inflammatory activities of organic extract and its semi-purified fractions(ethanol, acetone, methanol/dichloromethane) from the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Methods: The ant...Objective: To explore anti-inflammatory activities of organic extract and its semi-purified fractions(ethanol, acetone, methanol/dichloromethane) from the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Methods: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated, using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the acetic acid writhing test in mice. The gastroprotective activity was determined using HCl/Et OH induced gastric ulcers in rats. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from the more effective fraction were determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and in comparison with data reported in the literature. Results: The fraction F-Et OH showed an important antiinflammatory activity associated with significant analgesic and gastroprotective properties. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from this fraction lead to the identification of one diterpenoid and four sterols. Conclusions: These results suggested that components from the active fraction can be used to treat various anti-inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was pe...Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was performed in mice to fix the effective dose.The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of EENKC was evaluated in brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats,carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and acetic-acid induced writhing in mice model.Results:Acute toxicity revealed that EENKC didn’t show death and toxic signs up to 2 000 mg/kg.In brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenan-induced inflammation EENKC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited fever and inflammation significantly(P【0.01 and【0.05) compared to control animals.In mice,the number of writhing induced by acetic-acid was significantly(P【0.01) reduced after treatment with both the dose of EENKC than control animals. EENKC 200 mg/kg inhibits inflammation higher level in carrageenan-induced paw edema,but there is no significant difference when compared to indomethacin 10 mg/kg.Conclusions:The present findings revealed that EENKC possesses antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which supports nilavembu kudineer choornam efficacy in chikungunya fever.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of leaf extract of Melanthera scandens(M.scandens).Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-111 mg/kg)of M.scandens was investigated for anti-inflammatory ...Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of leaf extract of Melanthera scandens(M.scandens).Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-111 mg/kg)of M.scandens was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using various experimental models.The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carragenin,egg-albumin induced oedema models,while acetic acid,formalin-induced paw licking and thermal-induced pain models were used to evaluate the antinociceptive property.Results:The extract caused a significant(P<0.05-0.001)dose-dependent reduction of inflammation and pains induced by different agents used.Conclusions:The leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects which may be mediated through the phytochemical constituents of the plant.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Haritaki) fruits in experimental animal models. The study was c...The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Haritaki) fruits in experimental animal models. The study was carried out using Swiss Albino mice (20-25 g) and Long Evans rats (100-150 g) of either sex. The analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula was assessed by using hot plate method. For the determination of analgesic effect, doses of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula used in the present study were 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Anti-inflammatory effect was analyzed by carrageenan induced paw edema method with the administration dose of 300 mg/kg BW of animals. The analysis of experimental data was performed by statistical process of ANOVA to determine the variability of sample, while Dunnet’s test was performed for evaluation of comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia chebula with control and standard. The animals were divided into four treatment groups of six animals each and the “Mean ± SEM” is the statistical identifiable value of the data and P values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Hot plate test showed a significant increase in the mean reaction time to heat stimuli in hot plate method at both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg BW doses throughout the observation period in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment, which was comparable to the standard ketorolac and control group. In carrageenan induced paw edema method, considerable results were found after determining the percentage change in paw volume in extract. In both cases of analgesic and anti-inflammatory study, % inhibition of pain and inflammation were evaluated. Comparing with control, largest inhibition was found in inhibiting inflammation 5 hours after treatment, while the largest inhibition of pain was obtained in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment of doses. The present study suggests that ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.展开更多
Objective:To ascertain analgesic,antibacterial and central nervous system(CNS)depressant activities of ethyl acetate,dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride fractions of methanol extract of Albizia proceru(A.procera)...Objective:To ascertain analgesic,antibacterial and central nervous system(CNS)depressant activities of ethyl acetate,dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride fractions of methanol extract of Albizia proceru(A.procera)leaves.Methods:Leaves extracts of A.procera were tested for analgesic activity by acetic acid induced and formalin test method in mice.The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method.CNS depressant activity was evaluated by hole cross and open field tests.Results:All the extracts at 200 mg/kg exhibited significant(P<0.01)analgesic activity in acetic acid induced and formalin tests method in mice.Analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was almost same like as standard drug indomelhacin in acetic acid induced method.The CNS depressant activity of the extracts at 500 mg/kg was comparable to the positive control diazepam as determined by hole cross and open field test method.The extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms(Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Esherichia coli,Shigetta soneii.Shigella boydii)at concentration of 0.8 mg/disc.The measured diameter of zone of inhibition for the extracts was within the range of 7 to 12 mm which was less than the standard kanamycin(16-24 mm).Conclusions:It is concluded that all the extracts possess potential analgesic and CNS depressants activity.This study also showed that different fractions of methanol extract could be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents.展开更多
Objective:Antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of the leaf extract and fractions of Clausena anisata(C.anisata) were evaluated for antimalarial and analgesic activities.Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-117mg/kg) a...Objective:Antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of the leaf extract and fractions of Clausena anisata(C.anisata) were evaluated for antimalarial and analgesic activities.Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-117mg/kg) and fractions(chloroform and acqeous;78mg/kg) of C. anisata were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(P.berghei) infections in mice using suppressive,prophylactic and curative models and analgesic activity against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced pains.Artesunate,5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine,1.2mg/kg were used as positive controls.Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice.Results:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P.berghei in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in mice.These reductions were statistically significant(P【0.001).They also improved the mean survival time(MST) from 17 to 21 days relative to control(P【0.01-0.001).On chemically and thermally-induced pains,the extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in mice.These inhibitions were statistically significant(P【0.001) and in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions:The antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through its chemical constituents and it can be concluded that the C.anisata possess significant antimalarial and analgesic properties.展开更多
We report the first total synthesis of four possible absolute configurations and four other regional isomers of a naturally occurring alkaloid crotonine,which was isolated from Croton tiglium L.(Euphoriaceae)without e...We report the first total synthesis of four possible absolute configurations and four other regional isomers of a naturally occurring alkaloid crotonine,which was isolated from Croton tiglium L.(Euphoriaceae)without elucidation of its absolute configuration.The concise five-step route with a chirally poor and regioselective strategy starting from monosaccharides was established,and the absolute structure of the natural crotonine was determined by comparison of the NMR spectra and optical rotations of the synthetic products.展开更多
[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,...[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.展开更多
基金Weifang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Medical)Project“Effects and Mechanisms of Oxycodone and Alfentanil on IgFs in Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells”(2021YX035)。
文摘Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common musculoskeletal disease,and it is a major cause of pain,disability and health burden.Pain is the most common and bothersome presentation of OA,but its treatment is still suboptimal,due to the short-term action of employed analgesics and their poor adverse effect profile.Due to their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been extensively investigated as a potential therapy for OA,and numerous preclinical and clinical studies found a significant improvement in joint pathology and function,pain scores and/or quality of life after administration of MSCs.Only a limited number of studies,however,addressed pain control as the primary end-point or investigated the potential mechanisms of analgesia induced by MSCs.In this paper,we review the evidence reported in literature that support the analgesic action of MSCs in OA,and we summarize the potential mechanisms of these antinociceptive effects.
文摘Paracetamol (PCM) is enlisted in the WHO model list as an essential medicine for pain and palliative care, but at overdose, it causes hepatic damage. This study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy and hepatoprotective property of a solid dispersion (SD) loaded with PCM. A number of PCM loaded formulations (PSDs) were fabricated using silica alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol and/or Na-citrate followed by in-vitro dissolution profiling. Selected PSDs with improved dissolution profile were subjected to solid-state characterization (DSC, PXRD, FTIR, and SEM), stability study along with investigation of in-vivo analgesic efficacy and effect on hepatocytes. Among these, PSD10 showed a rapid and significantly higher in-vitro drug release than pure PCM. This improvement was distinct to other PSDs also. Solid-state characterization of PSD10 authenticated the conversion of crystalline PCM to amorphous form upon formulation. Subsequent oral administration of PSD10 in Swiss albino mice showed 1.44-fold greater analgesic efficacy than pure PCM at dose 30 mg/kg. Besides, at acute toxic dose, liver histology of PSD10 mice was comparable with NC mice indicating hepatic protection upon formulation, whereas the PCM mice showed extensive hepatic necrosis which was also endorsed by significantly higher values of SGPT, SGOT, and ALP than PSD10 mice. Finally, an accelerated stability study of PSD10 performed according to the guideline of ICH noticed no remarkable deviation in its dissolution performance as well as crystalline nature. Thus, this newly developed PSD10 may be a safe and promising alternative for pain management and palliative care.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of a breast lump resolution detergent in a rat model of breast hyperplasia. Methods: A rat model of breast hyperplasia was established using injections of estradiol benzoate combined with progesterone. The effects of the breast lump resolution detergent on nipple height and diameter in the rat model were observed, along with its impact on serum levels of estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P). Additionally, the study examined the morphological changes in breast tissue. The impact of the breast nodule detergent on blood rheology parameters was also observed. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the breast nodule detergent was assessed using the cotton ball granuloma experiment, and the analgesic effect was observed using the writhing test. Results: The breast lump resolution detergent reduced nipple height and diameter in the rat model, decreased serum levels of E2, PRL, and P, and alleviated pathological changes in breast tissue. It also lowered hemorheological parameters including whole blood high, medium, and low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation index, red blood cell deformability index, red blood cell electrophoresis time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute “blood stasis” rat model. The detergent reduced the weight of cotton ball granulomas in mice and decreased the number of writhing episodes caused by acetic acid. Conclusion: The breast lump resolution detergent demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in treating breast hyperplasia, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, exerting anti-inflammatory properties, and providing analgesic effects. The downregulation of serum E2 and PRL levels and the upregulation of P levels may be critical mechanisms underlying its efficacy.
基金supported by several organizations,including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360684)the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 No.32)+1 种基金the Guangxi Key Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry(2017 No.22)the National-level training program for college students’innovation and entrepreneurship(No.201810599013).
文摘Background:Peanut shells are a commonly discarded byproduct of peanut processing.However,recent studies have shown that they contain bioactive compounds that have potential health benefits.Specifically,water extract from peanut shells has been identified as a promising source of these compounds.Therefore,investigating the effects of water extract from peanut shells on coagulation and analgesia in mice could have significant implications for human health.Methods:(1)Analgesic experiments:The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the hot plate method in mice.The aspirin group was used as a positive control group for analgesic experiments.(2)Coagulation experiment:the coagulation effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the capillary method and slide method.Yunnan Baiyao group was the positive control group of the coagulation test.Results:(1)The analgesic effect of peanut shell water extract on mice was prolonged with the increase in dose.The low,medium,and high dose groups of peanut shell could improve the pain domain of mice induced by the hot plate method in a certain period(P<0.05);with the increase of peanut shell water extract dose,liver weight coefficient increased(P<0.05).(2)Peanut shell water extract coagulated mice,and the high-dose group of peanut shells was the most significant.Within the scope of this study,the higher the concentration,the better the coagulation effect(P<0.05).Compared with distilled water group,the liver weight coefficients of the Yunnan Baiyao group,low,middle,and high dose groups of peanut shells were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The aqueous extract of peanut shells has a specific analgesic effect on mice.(2)The aqueous extract of peanut shells promotes coagulation,and the pro-coagulant effect is more significant with increasing dose and the liver weight coefficient increases.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)No.2009CB522900 and No.2015CB554501National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973784
文摘AIM To observe whether there are differences in the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion(Mox) in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS EA at 1 m A and 3 m A and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ were applied to the Shangjuxu(ST37, bilateral) acupoints in model rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Responses of wide dynamic range neurons in dorsal horns of the spinal cord were observed through the extracellular recordings. Mast cells(MC) activity in the colons of rats were assessed, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R) and 5-HT4Rexpressions in the colons were measured.RESULTS Compared with normal control group, responses of wide dynamic range neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord were increased in the EA at 1 m A and 3 m A groups(1 m A: 0.84 ± 0.74 vs 2.73 ± 0.65, P < 0.001; 3 m A: 1.91 ± 1.48 vs 6.44 ± 1.26, P < 0.001) and Mox at 43?℃ and 46?℃ groups(43?℃: 1.76 ± 0.81 vs 4.14 ± 1.83, P = 0.001; 46?℃: 5.19 ± 2.03 vs 7.91 ± 2.27, P = 0.01). MC degranulation rates and the expression of 5-HT, 5-HT3 R and 5-HT4 R in the colon of Mox 46?℃ group were decreased compared with model group(MC degranulation rates: 0.47 ± 0.56 vs 0.28 ± 0.78, P < 0.001; 5-HT: 1.42 ± 0.65 vs 7.38 ± 1.12, P < 0.001; 5-HT3R: 6.62 ± 0.77 vs 2.86 ± 0.88, P < 0.001; 5-HT4R: 4.62 ± 0.65 vs 2.22 ± 0.97, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The analgesic effects of Mox at 46?℃ are greater than those of Mox at 43?℃, EA 1 m A and EA 3 m A.
基金supported by University Grants Commission New Delhi(UGC letter No:F.No.37-95/2009(SR)
文摘Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida(P.foetida) leaves.Methods:Ethanol extract of P.foetida leaf was evaluated for analgesic action by acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in albino mice.The anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract was tested by carrageenan induced acute paw edema and histamine induced acute paw edema in rats.Results:The dose 200 mg/kg of P. foetida leaf extract exhibited highest significant analgesic activity[(13.50±0.43) min]at a reaction time of 20 min in hot plate method in mice.The ethanol extract of leaf dose 100 mg/kg produced a highly significant anti inflammatory effect[(1.302±0.079) mL]in rats.Conclusions:It is very clear that P.foetida also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for the pharmaceuticals.
基金Khulna University,Bangladesh for providing adequate financial support to carry out the research work
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum L.Schott in treating diarrhea,pain and inflammation using experimental models.Methods:In the present study,acetic acid-induced writhing,xylene-induced ear edema and castor oil-imluced diarrlieal model were used to evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities,respectively.Acute toxicity test was carried out to fix the safe doses of the plant extract.Results:The plant extract demonstrated a significant inhibition of writhing(P<0.01)compared with the control group in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.The extract also significantly inhibited the xylene induced ear edema formation(P<0.05).In anti-diarrheal test,the extract significantly decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period(P<0.0l)in castor oil-induced diarrheal model mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:These results suggest that the extract possesses significant analgesic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities that support to the ethnopharmacologicl uses of this plant.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract of leaves of Helianthus annus L.(H.annus) in acclimatized Wistar rats.Methods:It was undertaken using the albumin induced paw edema model of inflammation as well as both the hotplate and tail immersion analgesic test methods.Doses of the extract tested in experimental rats were 0.5 g/kg,2 g/kg and 4 g/kg while negative and positive control rats received distilled water and indomethacin respectively.Results:It was shown that treatment with the tested doses of the extract effectively inhibited paw edema induced by egg albumin.This effect was comparable if not better than the observations made in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally.Treatment with the extract was also observed to have significantly increased the mean tolerance time of rats to thermal noxious stimuli compared to control animals that had distilled water and appeared to be more effective than 10 mg/kg of indomethacin treatment.Conclusions: These observations confirmed the presence of a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-noiciceptive activity in the ethanol extract of the leaves of H.annus and therefore validated the folkloric use of the leaves of this plant in treatment of pro-inflammatory,post traumatic situations.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently, there is no uniform standard for analgesia during laparoscopic hepatectomy. Most of the analgesia schemes adopt epidural analgesia after laparotomy. Although the analgesia is effective, it has a great impact on the recovery of patients after laparoscopic hepatectomy and is not completely suitable for analgesia after laparoscopic hepatectomy. Although multimodal perioperative analgesia can significantly relieve postoperative pain, there is no relevant study of parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for post-laparoscopic hepatectomy analgesia. AIM To study the analgesic effect of the preoperative intravenous injection of parecoxib combined with long-acting local anesthetic ropivacaine for incision infiltration in patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy. METHODS Forty-eight patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy were randomly divided into a combined group (parecoxib combined with ropivacaine) and a control group. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during movement was used to compare the analgesic effect of the two groups. Meanwhile, the cumulative sufentanil, the recovery time for enterokinesia, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and the adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting) were recorded and compared between the two groups.The change tendency in VAS scores for both groups was similar after operation. At rest, the VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h, and during movement, the VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. The recovery time for enterokinesia in the combined group was 2.9 d, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group. The cumulative sufentanil in the combined group decreased significantly at 24, 36, and 48 h after operation. CONCLUSION Preoperative intravenous injection of parecoxib combined with ropivacaine for incision infiltration is a simple and effective method for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic hepatectomy, which could relieve pain and promote recovery.
基金Supported by Pharmacy Discipline.Life Science School,Khulna University(Grant No.Kt:PHRM:2012/April-081134)
文摘Objective:To investigate potential antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arrensis l.,in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extract.In vivo analgesic activity was carried out by acetic acid—induced writhing test in Swiss albino mice.All studies in mice were undertaken at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Antibacterial activilv was studied by disk diffusion assay against some Gram—positive and Gram—negative bacterial strains.Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to investigate cyloloxicity effects of the plant extract.Results:The extract showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay(IC<sub>50</sub><sup>4</sup>1 μg/mL)compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid(IC<sub>50</sub><sup>1</sup>9 μg/mL).The extract also produced prominent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi.Salmonella paratyphi.Shigella boydii,Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus aureus compared to standard drug kanamycin at the dose of 30 μg/disc.The extract exhibited lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii with the LC<sub>50</sub>,values of 40 μg/mL.and also 90%mortality(LC<sub>90</sub>) value was found to be 160 μg/mL.In analgesic test.the extract demonstrated statistically significant（P【0.01） analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing in white albino mice al both dose levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mentha arvenns L.has potential antioxidant,antibacterial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities that support the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant.
文摘Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the extract. Methods:The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.While the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin-induced oedema of the rat paw.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results:Triumfetta rhomboidea leaf extract(50 -400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant inhibition on the egg albumin-induced eodema or inflammation in Wister albino rats with P【0.001(ANOVA).This effect was higher than the observed effect with Piroxicam(0.5 mg/kg) which was used as a standard.The effect was also dose-dependent.Furthermore,Triumfetta rhomboidea extract caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,with P【0.001(ANOVA).These effects were also does-dependent and greater than the analgesic effects by paracetamol which was used as a reference drug.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids,steroids, triterpenoids alkaloids,tannins and saponins in Truimfetta rhomboidea leaf extract.Conclusion:Triumfetta rhomboidea can be recommended for acute inflammatory disorders and diseases associated with pains.This also supports its traditional use as an anti-snake bite and anti-cancer or anti-tumor agent.Further study is on the way to find out the mechanism of its action and also to isolate,identify and characterize the active principle responsible for these effects in this plant.
文摘Objective: To explore anti-inflammatory activities of organic extract and its semi-purified fractions(ethanol, acetone, methanol/dichloromethane) from the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Methods: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated, using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the acetic acid writhing test in mice. The gastroprotective activity was determined using HCl/Et OH induced gastric ulcers in rats. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from the more effective fraction were determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and in comparison with data reported in the literature. Results: The fraction F-Et OH showed an important antiinflammatory activity associated with significant analgesic and gastroprotective properties. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from this fraction lead to the identification of one diterpenoid and four sterols. Conclusions: These results suggested that components from the active fraction can be used to treat various anti-inflammatory diseases.
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer choornam (EENKC) in inflammation,pain and fever using animal models to support its actions.Methods: Acute toxicity study of EENKC was performed in mice to fix the effective dose.The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of EENKC was evaluated in brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats,carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and acetic-acid induced writhing in mice model.Results:Acute toxicity revealed that EENKC didn’t show death and toxic signs up to 2 000 mg/kg.In brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenan-induced inflammation EENKC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited fever and inflammation significantly(P【0.01 and【0.05) compared to control animals.In mice,the number of writhing induced by acetic-acid was significantly(P【0.01) reduced after treatment with both the dose of EENKC than control animals. EENKC 200 mg/kg inhibits inflammation higher level in carrageenan-induced paw edema,but there is no significant difference when compared to indomethacin 10 mg/kg.Conclusions:The present findings revealed that EENKC possesses antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which supports nilavembu kudineer choornam efficacy in chikungunya fever.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of leaf extract of Melanthera scandens(M.scandens).Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-111 mg/kg)of M.scandens was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using various experimental models.The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carragenin,egg-albumin induced oedema models,while acetic acid,formalin-induced paw licking and thermal-induced pain models were used to evaluate the antinociceptive property.Results:The extract caused a significant(P<0.05-0.001)dose-dependent reduction of inflammation and pains induced by different agents used.Conclusions:The leaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects which may be mediated through the phytochemical constituents of the plant.
文摘The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (commonly known as Haritaki) fruits in experimental animal models. The study was carried out using Swiss Albino mice (20-25 g) and Long Evans rats (100-150 g) of either sex. The analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula was assessed by using hot plate method. For the determination of analgesic effect, doses of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula used in the present study were 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Anti-inflammatory effect was analyzed by carrageenan induced paw edema method with the administration dose of 300 mg/kg BW of animals. The analysis of experimental data was performed by statistical process of ANOVA to determine the variability of sample, while Dunnet’s test was performed for evaluation of comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia chebula with control and standard. The animals were divided into four treatment groups of six animals each and the “Mean ± SEM” is the statistical identifiable value of the data and P values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Hot plate test showed a significant increase in the mean reaction time to heat stimuli in hot plate method at both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg BW doses throughout the observation period in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment, which was comparable to the standard ketorolac and control group. In carrageenan induced paw edema method, considerable results were found after determining the percentage change in paw volume in extract. In both cases of analgesic and anti-inflammatory study, % inhibition of pain and inflammation were evaluated. Comparing with control, largest inhibition was found in inhibiting inflammation 5 hours after treatment, while the largest inhibition of pain was obtained in 30 minutes and 60 minutes after treatment of doses. The present study suggests that ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology(NST),Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh(Grant No.39.012.002.01.03.018.2012/256)
文摘Objective:To ascertain analgesic,antibacterial and central nervous system(CNS)depressant activities of ethyl acetate,dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride fractions of methanol extract of Albizia proceru(A.procera)leaves.Methods:Leaves extracts of A.procera were tested for analgesic activity by acetic acid induced and formalin test method in mice.The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method.CNS depressant activity was evaluated by hole cross and open field tests.Results:All the extracts at 200 mg/kg exhibited significant(P<0.01)analgesic activity in acetic acid induced and formalin tests method in mice.Analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was almost same like as standard drug indomelhacin in acetic acid induced method.The CNS depressant activity of the extracts at 500 mg/kg was comparable to the positive control diazepam as determined by hole cross and open field test method.The extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms(Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Esherichia coli,Shigetta soneii.Shigella boydii)at concentration of 0.8 mg/disc.The measured diameter of zone of inhibition for the extracts was within the range of 7 to 12 mm which was less than the standard kanamycin(16-24 mm).Conclusions:It is concluded that all the extracts possess potential analgesic and CNS depressants activity.This study also showed that different fractions of methanol extract could be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents.
文摘Objective:Antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of the leaf extract and fractions of Clausena anisata(C.anisata) were evaluated for antimalarial and analgesic activities.Methods:The crude leaf extract(39-117mg/kg) and fractions(chloroform and acqeous;78mg/kg) of C. anisata were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei(P.berghei) infections in mice using suppressive,prophylactic and curative models and analgesic activity against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced pains.Artesunate,5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine,1.2mg/kg were used as positive controls.Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice.Results:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P.berghei in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in mice.These reductions were statistically significant(P【0.001).They also improved the mean survival time(MST) from 17 to 21 days relative to control(P【0.01-0.001).On chemically and thermally-induced pains,the extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in mice.These inhibitions were statistically significant(P【0.001) and in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions:The antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through its chemical constituents and it can be concluded that the C.anisata possess significant antimalarial and analgesic properties.
基金This work was supported financially and inspired scientifically by Prof.Yongxian Cheng of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Prof.Baomin Fan of Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources,State Ethnic Affairs Commission&Ministry of Education,Yunnan University of Nationalities.
文摘We report the first total synthesis of four possible absolute configurations and four other regional isomers of a naturally occurring alkaloid crotonine,which was isolated from Croton tiglium L.(Euphoriaceae)without elucidation of its absolute configuration.The concise five-step route with a chirally poor and regioselective strategy starting from monosaccharides was established,and the absolute structure of the natural crotonine was determined by comparison of the NMR spectra and optical rotations of the synthetic products.
基金Supported by the Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(20171282)
文摘[Objectives] To screen out the anti-inflammatory and analgesic parts of Ardisia gigantifolia stapf.and to explore the toxicological safety of each part.[Methods]The carrageenan-induced toe swelling experiment of mice,acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability experiment,pain writhing test,and mouse maximum tolerated dose experiment were carried out.Taking mouse toe swelling,capillary permeability,pain writhing reaction times,and animal death number as indicators,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were screened and toxicological safety was evaluated for petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water parts of A.gigantifolia.[Results] The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia can significantly reduce the degree of carrageenan-induced toe swelling of(P < 0.05),significantly inhibit the glacial acetic acid induced capillary permeability of mice(P < 0.05) and the times of pain writhing of mice(P < 0.01),no death was observed in each group after 150-fold of clinical equivalent dose administration,and no abnormality was observed in body weight and tissues of mice.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether part of A.gigantifolia is active part of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect,and each part is low in toxicological safety.
