Clusters greatly influence thermophysical properties of near critical gases. The cluster structures of supercritical fluids in general and Carbon Dioxide especially are important for the advanced supercritical fluid t...Clusters greatly influence thermophysical properties of near critical gases. The cluster structures of supercritical fluids in general and Carbon Dioxide especially are important for the advanced supercritical fluid technologies and analytics development. The paper extends to near critical densities the developed earlier methods to extract the clusters’ properties from Online Electronic Database of NIST on thermophysical properties of fluids. This Database contains a hidden knowledge of cluster fractions’ properties in real gases. The discovered earlier linear chain clusters dominate at intermediate densities. Their properties can be extrapolated to high density gases, thus opening the way to study large 3D clusters in near critical zone. The potential energy density of a gas, cleared from the chain clusters’ contribution, reflects only the 3D clusters’ characteristics. A series expansion of this value by the Monomer Fraction density discovers properties of n-particle 3D clusters. The paper demonstrates a discrete row of 3D clusters’ particle numbers and gives estimations for bond energies of these clusters.展开更多
Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane,which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides.Bacterial and ...Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane,which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides.Bacterial and yeast surface display systems are the most common cell surface display systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins,that are widely applied as the core elements in the field of biosensors due to their advantages,including enhanced stability,high yield,good safety,expression of larger and more complex proteins.To further promote the performance of biosensors,the biomineralized microbial surface display technology was proposed.This review summarized the different microbial surface display systems and the biomineralized surface display systems,where the mechanisms of surface display and biomineralization were introduced.Then we described the recent progress of their applications on biosensors for different types of detection targets.Finally,the outlooks and tendencies were discussed and forecasted with the expectation to provide some general functions and enlightenments to this aspect of research.展开更多
A sample preparation method based on ultrasound assisted-extraction(UAE) of Ca,Mg and P from swine feed has been described.The experiment was performed to cover the variables influencing the sonication process and,the...A sample preparation method based on ultrasound assisted-extraction(UAE) of Ca,Mg and P from swine feed has been described.The experiment was performed to cover the variables influencing the sonication process and,the method validation using standard reference material.Final solutions obtained upon sonication were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(for Ca and Mg) and by UV-vis spectrophotometry(for P).The best conditions for metal extraction were as follows:sample mass:100 mg in 20 ml_ 0.10 mol/L HCI,a particle size:<60 urn,sonication time:5 cycles of 10 s and ultrasound power:102 W.The UAE method was applied in digestibility assays in different piglet feeds and their results showed that it is highly comparable(P > 0.05) to the other methods used for such purposes,as block digestion,and offered a Ca,Mg and P method of quantification limit of 10.6,12.4 and 14 mg/kg,respectively.The major advantages of the UAE method compared to other methods are the high treatment rate,low reagent usage in the extracts and,it does not generate toxic residues that might negatively affect human health and the environment,accompanied by good precision and accuracy.展开更多
The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under follo...The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.展开更多
The paper presents a new method of determining Ge in gold alloys by potassium iodate potentiometric titration rather than by traditional distillation separation. The influences of conditions such as the reduction acid...The paper presents a new method of determining Ge in gold alloys by potassium iodate potentiometric titration rather than by traditional distillation separation. The influences of conditions such as the reduction acidity, dosage of sodium hypophosphite and reduction time on the determination of Ge were studied. Comparison was made between the influences of end-point indication for potential method and starch method on accruracy and precision of the analysed results, stability and sensitivity of end-point, selectivity of method and so on. The possibility of reaction in an electrochemical way was discussed. Ge in the alloys such as AuGe 12 , AuGeNi 12 2 , AuAgGe 18.8 12.5 and AuAgGeNi 43.8 6 0.2 was measured, respectively, with the relative standard deviation of 0.10%~0.31% and the recoveries of added standard Ge in sample of 99.40%～100.40% when the reduction acidity was 0.40~0.80 mol/L HCl and 3.3 mol/L H 3 PO 4, 15 g sodium hypophosphite and reduction time 40 min. The new method presented is high accuracy and precision in results, good stability and sensibility in end point, easy operation and strong selectivity of determination. When it is applied to analyse actual samples, satisfactory results are achieved.展开更多
Electrochemical mass spectrometry(EC-MS)is a powerful tool to capture and analyze the intermediates and products during elec-trochemical reactions.This hyphenated technique combines electrochemistry with mass spectrom...Electrochemical mass spectrometry(EC-MS)is a powerful tool to capture and analyze the intermediates and products during elec-trochemical reactions.This hyphenated technique combines electrochemistry with mass spectrometry using specific apparatuses,which helps researchers study mechanisms of redox reactions by in situ detecting chemical composition changes.Recently,various EC-MS methods have been applied in a series of electrochemical reactions to reveal the mechanisms,mainly in the areas of electro-chemical sensors,organic electrochemistry,and electrocatalysis.In this review,we intend to summarize the recent advances in re-al-time analysis of different types of electrochemical reactions by EC-MS and offer an outlook on the perspectives in these areas.展开更多
There has been much effort to assess the efficacy of sewage treatment plants to remove chemicals with estrogenic activity,but other modes of toxicity have received less attention.This study assessed the efficacy of ad...There has been much effort to assess the efficacy of sewage treatment plants to remove chemicals with estrogenic activity,but other modes of toxicity have received less attention.This study assessed the efficacy of advanced tertiary technologies to remove estrogen receptor(ER),aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR),retinoic receptor(RAR)agonists and genotoxicity using recombinant gene bioassays.Untreated sewage contained ER,AhR and RAR agonists and was genotoxic.Activated sludge treatment removed over 69%of the ER,AhR and RAR aqueous phase activities.Ozonation and biologically activated carbon processes removed genotoxicity and most receptor agonists to below detection limits.Estrogenic activity was associated with the semi-polar fraction of the aqueous phase and non-polar phase of the influent(maximum 30%).AhR and RAR activities were found in both the aqueous and particulate phases of influent.Only RAR activity was frequently found in the polar fraction of aqueous and particulate phases of the process effluent.In the influent,the greatest RAR activity was found in the polar fraction of the aqueous phase(>65%).Genotoxic activity was detected in all influent fractions but rapidly decreased.The results showed that ER,AhR and RAR agonists were greatly reduced by the advanced tertiary treatment processes.展开更多
文摘Clusters greatly influence thermophysical properties of near critical gases. The cluster structures of supercritical fluids in general and Carbon Dioxide especially are important for the advanced supercritical fluid technologies and analytics development. The paper extends to near critical densities the developed earlier methods to extract the clusters’ properties from Online Electronic Database of NIST on thermophysical properties of fluids. This Database contains a hidden knowledge of cluster fractions’ properties in real gases. The discovered earlier linear chain clusters dominate at intermediate densities. Their properties can be extrapolated to high density gases, thus opening the way to study large 3D clusters in near critical zone. The potential energy density of a gas, cleared from the chain clusters’ contribution, reflects only the 3D clusters’ characteristics. A series expansion of this value by the Monomer Fraction density discovers properties of n-particle 3D clusters. The paper demonstrates a discrete row of 3D clusters’ particle numbers and gives estimations for bond energies of these clusters.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21705087)Youth Innovation Team Project for Talent Introduction and Cultivation in Universities of Shandong Province(096-1622002)+2 种基金Research Foundation for Distinguished Scholars of Qingdao Agricultural University(663-1117015)the Postgraduate Innovation Program of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNYCX21069)the National Innovation Training Program for College Students(No.202210435030).
文摘Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane,which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides.Bacterial and yeast surface display systems are the most common cell surface display systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins,that are widely applied as the core elements in the field of biosensors due to their advantages,including enhanced stability,high yield,good safety,expression of larger and more complex proteins.To further promote the performance of biosensors,the biomineralized microbial surface display technology was proposed.This review summarized the different microbial surface display systems and the biomineralized surface display systems,where the mechanisms of surface display and biomineralization were introduced.Then we described the recent progress of their applications on biosensors for different types of detection targets.Finally,the outlooks and tendencies were discussed and forecasted with the expectation to provide some general functions and enlightenments to this aspect of research.
基金the financial support of this work(grants:2007/59778-0 and 2008/50986-1)provided by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)
文摘A sample preparation method based on ultrasound assisted-extraction(UAE) of Ca,Mg and P from swine feed has been described.The experiment was performed to cover the variables influencing the sonication process and,the method validation using standard reference material.Final solutions obtained upon sonication were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(for Ca and Mg) and by UV-vis spectrophotometry(for P).The best conditions for metal extraction were as follows:sample mass:100 mg in 20 ml_ 0.10 mol/L HCI,a particle size:<60 urn,sonication time:5 cycles of 10 s and ultrasound power:102 W.The UAE method was applied in digestibility assays in different piglet feeds and their results showed that it is highly comparable(P > 0.05) to the other methods used for such purposes,as block digestion,and offered a Ca,Mg and P method of quantification limit of 10.6,12.4 and 14 mg/kg,respectively.The major advantages of the UAE method compared to other methods are the high treatment rate,low reagent usage in the extracts and,it does not generate toxic residues that might negatively affect human health and the environment,accompanied by good precision and accuracy.
基金Sponsored by the Basic Research Funds of Beijing Institute of Technology (20081642007)
文摘The method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established for the determination of effective components in OC-CS spray using double wavelength UV detection.The method was utilized under following conditions:a column of Kromasil C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase consisting of methanol/water(80 /20) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and the UV detection at 227 nm and 300 nm.Three key components in OC-CS spray could be distinguished clearly,including o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile(CS),oleoresin capsicum(OC) and dihydrocapsaicin(DC).This method has the advantages of fast,simple and satisfactory linear relationship between UV absorption and concentration.It may be considered to turn into a standard method for detection of related components in the spray.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA063203,2012AA063207)Research Foundation of Kunming Institute of Precious Metals(GY08RD27)
文摘The paper presents a new method of determining Ge in gold alloys by potassium iodate potentiometric titration rather than by traditional distillation separation. The influences of conditions such as the reduction acidity, dosage of sodium hypophosphite and reduction time on the determination of Ge were studied. Comparison was made between the influences of end-point indication for potential method and starch method on accruracy and precision of the analysed results, stability and sensitivity of end-point, selectivity of method and so on. The possibility of reaction in an electrochemical way was discussed. Ge in the alloys such as AuGe 12 , AuGeNi 12 2 , AuAgGe 18.8 12.5 and AuAgGeNi 43.8 6 0.2 was measured, respectively, with the relative standard deviation of 0.10%~0.31% and the recoveries of added standard Ge in sample of 99.40%～100.40% when the reduction acidity was 0.40~0.80 mol/L HCl and 3.3 mol/L H 3 PO 4, 15 g sodium hypophosphite and reduction time 40 min. The new method presented is high accuracy and precision in results, good stability and sensibility in end point, easy operation and strong selectivity of determination. When it is applied to analyse actual samples, satisfactory results are achieved.
基金This work was supported by the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS-CXXM-202008)the National Science Foundation of China(22034001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0201300).
文摘Electrochemical mass spectrometry(EC-MS)is a powerful tool to capture and analyze the intermediates and products during elec-trochemical reactions.This hyphenated technique combines electrochemistry with mass spectrometry using specific apparatuses,which helps researchers study mechanisms of redox reactions by in situ detecting chemical composition changes.Recently,various EC-MS methods have been applied in a series of electrochemical reactions to reveal the mechanisms,mainly in the areas of electro-chemical sensors,organic electrochemistry,and electrocatalysis.In this review,we intend to summarize the recent advances in re-al-time analysis of different types of electrochemical reactions by EC-MS and offer an outlook on the perspectives in these areas.
基金This research was funded by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant(LP0560600)with industry partner Veoliathe New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment(MBIE C03X0902).
文摘There has been much effort to assess the efficacy of sewage treatment plants to remove chemicals with estrogenic activity,but other modes of toxicity have received less attention.This study assessed the efficacy of advanced tertiary technologies to remove estrogen receptor(ER),aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR),retinoic receptor(RAR)agonists and genotoxicity using recombinant gene bioassays.Untreated sewage contained ER,AhR and RAR agonists and was genotoxic.Activated sludge treatment removed over 69%of the ER,AhR and RAR aqueous phase activities.Ozonation and biologically activated carbon processes removed genotoxicity and most receptor agonists to below detection limits.Estrogenic activity was associated with the semi-polar fraction of the aqueous phase and non-polar phase of the influent(maximum 30%).AhR and RAR activities were found in both the aqueous and particulate phases of influent.Only RAR activity was frequently found in the polar fraction of aqueous and particulate phases of the process effluent.In the influent,the greatest RAR activity was found in the polar fraction of the aqueous phase(>65%).Genotoxic activity was detected in all influent fractions but rapidly decreased.The results showed that ER,AhR and RAR agonists were greatly reduced by the advanced tertiary treatment processes.
