Iodine deficiency disease （IDD） is common in China. An universal salt iodization （USl） program has been implemented by the Chinese government since 1996. As a result, the goiter rate in 8- to 10-year old children ...Iodine deficiency disease （IDD） is common in China. An universal salt iodization （USl） program has been implemented by the Chinese government since 1996. As a result, the goiter rate in 8- to 10-year old children decreased from 20.4% in 1995 to 5.8% in 2002.1 But the adverse effects of iodine excess such as iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, iodine-induced goiters, iodine-induced hypothyroidism, etc. have become a great concern to healthcare professionals as well as the general population. The impact of USI on antithyroid drugs （ATDs） might become a potential challenge to address. With a special grant from the Department of Disease Control, the Health Ministry of China, we conducted a prospective study on the effects of USI on ATDs at the thyroid section of the Endocrinology Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital （PUMCH）, Beijing.展开更多
甲亢危象是一种罕见的、危及生命的内分泌急症,患者有严重的甲状腺毒症临床表现。美国和日本的研究显示,甲亢危象的年发病率分别为(0.57~0.76)/10万和0.2/10万。甲亢危象占甲状腺毒症患者的0.22%,占住院甲状腺毒症患者的5.4%。即使在获...甲亢危象是一种罕见的、危及生命的内分泌急症,患者有严重的甲状腺毒症临床表现。美国和日本的研究显示,甲亢危象的年发病率分别为(0.57~0.76)/10万和0.2/10万。甲亢危象占甲状腺毒症患者的0.22%,占住院甲状腺毒症患者的5.4%。即使在获得及时治疗的情况下,甲亢危象患者的死亡率仍高达10%~30%;若未治疗,则患者的死亡率可达90%。甲亢危象的急诊漏诊和误诊率高达43.48%。导致甲亢危象的诱因可能包括突然停用抗甲状腺药物或急性事件(如感染、创伤、甲状腺或非甲状腺手术、急性碘负荷或分娩)以及其他少见的病因。目前尚无公认的标准或临床工具用于诊断甲亢危象,其诊断依据包括存在甲亢的生化证据(游离T4或T3升高、TSH降低),以及危及生命的严重症状(高热、心血管功能障碍及精神状态改变等)。伯奇-沃托斯基点量表(Burch-Wartofsky point scale,BWPS)近30年来一直被广泛应用于甲亢危象的诊断。甲亢危象的主要治疗包括一般对症治疗及针对甲状腺的特异性治疗,包括去除诱因和治疗并发症,如使用抗甲状腺药物、碘剂、糖皮质激素及β受体阻滞剂等抑制甲状腺激素合成,或阻断外周T4向T3转换或抑制甲状腺激素释放,对上述治疗后病情改善不明显者,则可以尝试血液净化(血浆置换)治疗。此外,支持治疗对于甲亢危象患者亦至关重要。甲亢危象患者经过积极治疗,病情多在1~2d内改善。甲亢危象抢救成功后,应采用根治方法治疗甲亢。展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> Resistance to anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) is a rare entity recently described...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> Resistance to anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) is a rare entity recently described. We report two African observations in the treatment of Graves’ disease. <strong>Case 1:</strong> A 19-year-old Senegalese woman presented on admission with thyrotoxicosis syndrome associated with diffuse goitre and Grave’s orbitopathy. TSH levels were low (0.005 mIU/ml;N = 0.27 - 4.20) and fT4 elevated (60 pmol/L;N = 12 - 22]. Combination therapy with propranolol (40 mg/day) and carbimazole (starting dose of 45 mg/day and increased to 60 mg/day) was initiated. In view of the persistence of symptoms despite good therapeutic compliance, carbimazole was replaced by methimazole with an initial starting dose of 40 mg/day, followed by 60 mg/day. Despite the change in therapy, clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis persisted, and fT4 levels remained elevated. The patient was diagnosed with resistance to ATDs in Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following 10 days of preoperative preparation with 1% Lugol’s solution was performed successfully. <strong>Case 2:</strong> A 22-year-old woman was referred for continued management of Graves’ disease with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels (34 UI/mL;N < 1.75). Treatment included propranolol (80 mg/day) and carbimazole at an unusual dose of 80 mg/day. Combined therapy was clinically and biologically ineffective, with an fT4 level of 100 pmol/L [N: 12 - 22]. Upon admission, methimazole (40 mg/day) followed by propylthiouracil (800 mg/day) replaced carbimazole. Despite good patient compliance, the patient’s symptoms remained unaltered and fT4 levels elevated. A total robot thyroidectomy using the right axillary approach was performed successfully after 10 days of preoperative preparation, including prednisone (40 mg/day) combined with 1% Lugol’s solution. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resistance to ATDs complicates the management of Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following preoperative preparation with Lugol’s solution and/or corticosteroids was shown to be successful.</span> </div>展开更多
文摘Iodine deficiency disease （IDD） is common in China. An universal salt iodization （USl） program has been implemented by the Chinese government since 1996. As a result, the goiter rate in 8- to 10-year old children decreased from 20.4% in 1995 to 5.8% in 2002.1 But the adverse effects of iodine excess such as iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, iodine-induced goiters, iodine-induced hypothyroidism, etc. have become a great concern to healthcare professionals as well as the general population. The impact of USI on antithyroid drugs （ATDs） might become a potential challenge to address. With a special grant from the Department of Disease Control, the Health Ministry of China, we conducted a prospective study on the effects of USI on ATDs at the thyroid section of the Endocrinology Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital （PUMCH）, Beijing.
文摘甲亢危象是一种罕见的、危及生命的内分泌急症,患者有严重的甲状腺毒症临床表现。美国和日本的研究显示,甲亢危象的年发病率分别为(0.57~0.76)/10万和0.2/10万。甲亢危象占甲状腺毒症患者的0.22%,占住院甲状腺毒症患者的5.4%。即使在获得及时治疗的情况下,甲亢危象患者的死亡率仍高达10%~30%;若未治疗,则患者的死亡率可达90%。甲亢危象的急诊漏诊和误诊率高达43.48%。导致甲亢危象的诱因可能包括突然停用抗甲状腺药物或急性事件(如感染、创伤、甲状腺或非甲状腺手术、急性碘负荷或分娩)以及其他少见的病因。目前尚无公认的标准或临床工具用于诊断甲亢危象,其诊断依据包括存在甲亢的生化证据(游离T4或T3升高、TSH降低),以及危及生命的严重症状(高热、心血管功能障碍及精神状态改变等)。伯奇-沃托斯基点量表(Burch-Wartofsky point scale,BWPS)近30年来一直被广泛应用于甲亢危象的诊断。甲亢危象的主要治疗包括一般对症治疗及针对甲状腺的特异性治疗,包括去除诱因和治疗并发症,如使用抗甲状腺药物、碘剂、糖皮质激素及β受体阻滞剂等抑制甲状腺激素合成,或阻断外周T4向T3转换或抑制甲状腺激素释放,对上述治疗后病情改善不明显者,则可以尝试血液净化(血浆置换)治疗。此外,支持治疗对于甲亢危象患者亦至关重要。甲亢危象患者经过积极治疗,病情多在1~2d内改善。甲亢危象抢救成功后,应采用根治方法治疗甲亢。
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Background:</strong> Resistance to anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) is a rare entity recently described. We report two African observations in the treatment of Graves’ disease. <strong>Case 1:</strong> A 19-year-old Senegalese woman presented on admission with thyrotoxicosis syndrome associated with diffuse goitre and Grave’s orbitopathy. TSH levels were low (0.005 mIU/ml;N = 0.27 - 4.20) and fT4 elevated (60 pmol/L;N = 12 - 22]. Combination therapy with propranolol (40 mg/day) and carbimazole (starting dose of 45 mg/day and increased to 60 mg/day) was initiated. In view of the persistence of symptoms despite good therapeutic compliance, carbimazole was replaced by methimazole with an initial starting dose of 40 mg/day, followed by 60 mg/day. Despite the change in therapy, clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis persisted, and fT4 levels remained elevated. The patient was diagnosed with resistance to ATDs in Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following 10 days of preoperative preparation with 1% Lugol’s solution was performed successfully. <strong>Case 2:</strong> A 22-year-old woman was referred for continued management of Graves’ disease with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels (34 UI/mL;N < 1.75). Treatment included propranolol (80 mg/day) and carbimazole at an unusual dose of 80 mg/day. Combined therapy was clinically and biologically ineffective, with an fT4 level of 100 pmol/L [N: 12 - 22]. Upon admission, methimazole (40 mg/day) followed by propylthiouracil (800 mg/day) replaced carbimazole. Despite good patient compliance, the patient’s symptoms remained unaltered and fT4 levels elevated. A total robot thyroidectomy using the right axillary approach was performed successfully after 10 days of preoperative preparation, including prednisone (40 mg/day) combined with 1% Lugol’s solution. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resistance to ATDs complicates the management of Graves’ disease. Total thyroidectomy following preoperative preparation with Lugol’s solution and/or corticosteroids was shown to be successful.</span> </div>
