To promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval based on description logic, the concept of assertional graph （AG）, which is directed labeled graph, is defined and a new AG-based retrieval method is put forward...To promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval based on description logic, the concept of assertional graph （AG）, which is directed labeled graph, is defined and a new AG-based retrieval method is put forward. This method converts the knowledge base and query clause into knowledge AG and query AG by making use of the given rules and then makes use of graph traversal to carry out knowledge base retrieval. The experiment indicates that the efficiency of this method exceeds, respectively, the popular RACER and KAON2 system by 0.4% and 3.3%. This method can obviously promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval.展开更多
This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the rec...This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the reconstitutive coding method for additional individuals in order to conserve the variability of assertion objects. Traditional analysis methods of the main components are applied to coded objects. Certain interpretation aids are presented after the coding process. This method was applied to poverty data.展开更多
For the past three decades, interoperability among heterogeneous systems had been a hard nut to crack due to the schematic and semantic perspectives that exist between objects. These systems were built under different...For the past three decades, interoperability among heterogeneous systems had been a hard nut to crack due to the schematic and semantic perspectives that exist between objects. These systems were built under different data models. As such, levels of the local schemas are semantically very poor due to the limited expressiveness of traditional data models in which they were designed. Further more, most of the existing schema integration architectural components are inadequately equipped to handle the mapping schemas, especially when the semantics and structural conflicts are involved. This paper introduces an Intelligent Binary Schema Matching system (IBSMS), which exploits the phenomenon of making its components intelligent. That’s equipping its components such as translators and integrators with adequate knowledge about various data models. This allows the components acquire enough intelligence to maneuver or manipulate the correspondence between constructs from different models. In addition, the system has a Binary Matcher, which compares the attribute correspondences of various databases in a pairwise form, in order to establish the equivalences. With the establishment of the mappings, the users shall be able to access them (mappings) for their desired usage.展开更多
Traditional approach of design by contract, due to mixing the contract code with application code, is difficult for the extensibility and reusability of software system. This paper presents a framework named JADBC for...Traditional approach of design by contract, due to mixing the contract code with application code, is difficult for the extensibility and reusability of software system. This paper presents a framework named JADBC for design by contract based on Aspect-Oriented Programming （AOP） to resolve these problems. By providing a new modularized element, aspect, the framework successfully separates the contracts in design by contract, from functional codes. The implementation of this framework is based on dynamic AOP which can have the contract changed at rtmtime, consequently, enhancing program flexibility. JADBC framework modularizes the contracts in a clear-cut fashion that is easier to design, implement, and maintain.展开更多
Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of ado...Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents in Indonesia. Methods： The study was conducted in 31 of PEs to evaluate their knowledge in adolescents. The PEs received health education and were assessed by individual work during the structured three-week programme. Data were collected before and after the training programme as pre- and post-tests. Results： The PE demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge after attending the three-week structured training programme. The post-test scores had significant effects on the dimensions of PE knowledge scores. The PE become knowledgeable to maintain and monitor adolescents health issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents. Conclusions： The PE become knowledgeable to respond to the adolescent problems and readiness to become PE during puberty.展开更多
This study entails a first approach to epistemic modality in Woolf＇s essays. In particular, we will distinguish between assertive and non-assertive epistemic modality. Woolf uses assertive epistemic modality when tra...This study entails a first approach to epistemic modality in Woolf＇s essays. In particular, we will distinguish between assertive and non-assertive epistemic modality. Woolf uses assertive epistemic modality when transmitting her criticism to, sometimes, women＇s inferiority condition in history, revealing Woolf＇s more confident stance. These markers are different from those used in more ＂gentle＂ themes related to reviewing an author and her work. In this second case, non-assertive epistemic modality is more frequent. Being less harsh towards an author＇s surroundings and her literary production, Woolf＇s stance proves less self-assured. The corpus consists of 10 short essays. We also refer to her longer essays A Room of One＇s Own （1929） and Three Guineas 0938）. They were selected bearing in mind their subject-matter. Half of them deal with literature and women writers, their lives and works; the other half ones also have to do with women-related topics, but referring to their position in history and their difficulties to undertake, for example, a literary career. Some concluding remarks indicate the predominance of non-assertive epistemic modality in relation to an intersubjective reading of her texts. This reading favours the inclusion of her audience in her commentary about women writing.展开更多
Before the late 2000s,China employed a diplomatic“next generation”approach to its territorial disputes in the South China Sea(SCS).Beginning in the late 2000s,however,China has assumed threatening attitudes,and take...Before the late 2000s,China employed a diplomatic“next generation”approach to its territorial disputes in the South China Sea(SCS).Beginning in the late 2000s,however,China has assumed threatening attitudes,and taken a strong stand against other disputants.Why has China recently shown its assertiveness when dealing with the South China Sea issue?This study argues that two factors-China’s growing naval capabilities and the growing presence of China’s strategic rivals around the South China Sea-led China to adopt a more assertive policy regarding the South China Sea issue.展开更多
Ethnic assertions worldwide have assumed different forms ranging from moderate methods of articulation of autonomy to extremist means of violent struggle. Resort to extremism by some sections of an ethnic group usuall...Ethnic assertions worldwide have assumed different forms ranging from moderate methods of articulation of autonomy to extremist means of violent struggle. Resort to extremism by some sections of an ethnic group usually triggers inter-ethnic conflicts with other groups on the one hand and leads to confrontation with the state on the other. This paper seeks to examine the dynamics of this phenomenon in the context of Bodos, the largest plains tribe of Assam, a State of Northeast India. The paper enquires as to whether extremist politics has met the Bodo aspirations for self-determination or has intensified the conflicts and contradictions within the Bodo society with ramifications for other ethnic groups inhabiting the Bodo-dominated areas. It is also necessary to explore the responses of the Union and State governments to Bodo extremist politics for an understanding of the conflict management process.展开更多
The integration of Nigeria＇s economy into the international capitalist system was a defining context of its international economic relations. The country was integrated into the international capitalist system as dep...The integration of Nigeria＇s economy into the international capitalist system was a defining context of its international economic relations. The country was integrated into the international capitalist system as dependent, peripheral, neo-colonial formation. The nature of external debt, foreign direct investment and economic policy choices reflect the influence of the global north on Nigeria＇s international economic relations. The management of the national economy and external economic relations respond to the logic of externally defined economic policy choices. This article examines strands of Nigeria＇s international economic relations and it offers positions to mediate the country＇s peripheral status. The article prescribes state-led development paradigm and assertive state to address the country＇s underdevelopment and actualizes robust and assertive foreign economic relations. The state-led development paradigm negates the neo-liberal policy and its preference for state withdrawal. The article insists that the state should play leading role in the development process to reverse the country＇s underdevelopment and reequip its foreign economic relations.展开更多
Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with ...Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with these cross cutting non-functional concerns. In this regard current work identifies these dependability related non-functional and cross-cutting concerns and proposes design and implementation solutions in an aspect oriented framework that modularizes and separates them from core functionality. The degree of separation has been quantified using software metrics. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to evaluate the proposed design framework.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.69975010,60374054),the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20050007023).
文摘To promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval based on description logic, the concept of assertional graph （AG）, which is directed labeled graph, is defined and a new AG-based retrieval method is put forward. This method converts the knowledge base and query clause into knowledge AG and query AG by making use of the given rules and then makes use of graph traversal to carry out knowledge base retrieval. The experiment indicates that the efficiency of this method exceeds, respectively, the popular RACER and KAON2 system by 0.4% and 3.3%. This method can obviously promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval.
文摘This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the reconstitutive coding method for additional individuals in order to conserve the variability of assertion objects. Traditional analysis methods of the main components are applied to coded objects. Certain interpretation aids are presented after the coding process. This method was applied to poverty data.
文摘For the past three decades, interoperability among heterogeneous systems had been a hard nut to crack due to the schematic and semantic perspectives that exist between objects. These systems were built under different data models. As such, levels of the local schemas are semantically very poor due to the limited expressiveness of traditional data models in which they were designed. Further more, most of the existing schema integration architectural components are inadequately equipped to handle the mapping schemas, especially when the semantics and structural conflicts are involved. This paper introduces an Intelligent Binary Schema Matching system (IBSMS), which exploits the phenomenon of making its components intelligent. That’s equipping its components such as translators and integrators with adequate knowledge about various data models. This allows the components acquire enough intelligence to maneuver or manipulate the correspondence between constructs from different models. In addition, the system has a Binary Matcher, which compares the attribute correspondences of various databases in a pairwise form, in order to establish the equivalences. With the establishment of the mappings, the users shall be able to access them (mappings) for their desired usage.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60773006)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20060486045)
文摘Traditional approach of design by contract, due to mixing the contract code with application code, is difficult for the extensibility and reusability of software system. This paper presents a framework named JADBC for design by contract based on Aspect-Oriented Programming （AOP） to resolve these problems. By providing a new modularized element, aspect, the framework successfully separates the contracts in design by contract, from functional codes. The implementation of this framework is based on dynamic AOP which can have the contract changed at rtmtime, consequently, enhancing program flexibility. JADBC framework modularizes the contracts in a clear-cut fashion that is easier to design, implement, and maintain.
基金supported by the Ministry of Research,Technology,and Higher Education(Kementerian Riset,Teknologi,dan Pendidikan Tinggi/KEMENRISTEK-DIKTI)at the expense of Hibah Bersaing Research 2016
文摘Objective： This article aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention programme on improving peer educator （PE） knowledge in issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents in Indonesia. Methods： The study was conducted in 31 of PEs to evaluate their knowledge in adolescents. The PEs received health education and were assessed by individual work during the structured three-week programme. Data were collected before and after the training programme as pre- and post-tests. Results： The PE demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge after attending the three-week structured training programme. The post-test scores had significant effects on the dimensions of PE knowledge scores. The PE become knowledgeable to maintain and monitor adolescents health issues around growth and development and its risk behavior problems of adolescents. Conclusions： The PE become knowledgeable to respond to the adolescent problems and readiness to become PE during puberty.
文摘This study entails a first approach to epistemic modality in Woolf＇s essays. In particular, we will distinguish between assertive and non-assertive epistemic modality. Woolf uses assertive epistemic modality when transmitting her criticism to, sometimes, women＇s inferiority condition in history, revealing Woolf＇s more confident stance. These markers are different from those used in more ＂gentle＂ themes related to reviewing an author and her work. In this second case, non-assertive epistemic modality is more frequent. Being less harsh towards an author＇s surroundings and her literary production, Woolf＇s stance proves less self-assured. The corpus consists of 10 short essays. We also refer to her longer essays A Room of One＇s Own （1929） and Three Guineas 0938）. They were selected bearing in mind their subject-matter. Half of them deal with literature and women writers, their lives and works; the other half ones also have to do with women-related topics, but referring to their position in history and their difficulties to undertake, for example, a literary career. Some concluding remarks indicate the predominance of non-assertive epistemic modality in relation to an intersubjective reading of her texts. This reading favours the inclusion of her audience in her commentary about women writing.
文摘Before the late 2000s,China employed a diplomatic“next generation”approach to its territorial disputes in the South China Sea(SCS).Beginning in the late 2000s,however,China has assumed threatening attitudes,and taken a strong stand against other disputants.Why has China recently shown its assertiveness when dealing with the South China Sea issue?This study argues that two factors-China’s growing naval capabilities and the growing presence of China’s strategic rivals around the South China Sea-led China to adopt a more assertive policy regarding the South China Sea issue.
文摘Ethnic assertions worldwide have assumed different forms ranging from moderate methods of articulation of autonomy to extremist means of violent struggle. Resort to extremism by some sections of an ethnic group usually triggers inter-ethnic conflicts with other groups on the one hand and leads to confrontation with the state on the other. This paper seeks to examine the dynamics of this phenomenon in the context of Bodos, the largest plains tribe of Assam, a State of Northeast India. The paper enquires as to whether extremist politics has met the Bodo aspirations for self-determination or has intensified the conflicts and contradictions within the Bodo society with ramifications for other ethnic groups inhabiting the Bodo-dominated areas. It is also necessary to explore the responses of the Union and State governments to Bodo extremist politics for an understanding of the conflict management process.
文摘The integration of Nigeria＇s economy into the international capitalist system was a defining context of its international economic relations. The country was integrated into the international capitalist system as dependent, peripheral, neo-colonial formation. The nature of external debt, foreign direct investment and economic policy choices reflect the influence of the global north on Nigeria＇s international economic relations. The management of the national economy and external economic relations respond to the logic of externally defined economic policy choices. This article examines strands of Nigeria＇s international economic relations and it offers positions to mediate the country＇s peripheral status. The article prescribes state-led development paradigm and assertive state to address the country＇s underdevelopment and actualizes robust and assertive foreign economic relations. The state-led development paradigm negates the neo-liberal policy and its preference for state withdrawal. The article insists that the state should play leading role in the development process to reverse the country＇s underdevelopment and reequip its foreign economic relations.
文摘Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with these cross cutting non-functional concerns. In this regard current work identifies these dependability related non-functional and cross-cutting concerns and proposes design and implementation solutions in an aspect oriented framework that modularizes and separates them from core functionality. The degree of separation has been quantified using software metrics. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to evaluate the proposed design framework.
