Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotect...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from A.membranaceus(TFA)and their protective mechanisms.TFA offered neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)in the mouse model of Parkinsonism,by improving behavior performance in the gait analysis and pole test,and inhibiting the decline of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons and TH protein expression in substantia nigra of mice.TFA also prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)induced neurotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells,by increasing GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio,and reducing reactive oxygen species.In addition,the neuroprotective effects of TFA were associated with its ability to restore MPTP/MPP+induced downregulation of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4).In conclusion,we demonstrated that TFA exerted significant neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of SLC7A11/GPX-4 axis,suggesting the use of TFA as a possible food supplement in the prevention of PD.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredient...Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the extraction and in vitro antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)and Ganoderma lucidum mycelia polysaccharides(GLMPS).[Methods]By studying the polysaccharides of the herbal medi...[Objectives]To explore the extraction and in vitro antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)and Ganoderma lucidum mycelia polysaccharides(GLMPS).[Methods]By studying the polysaccharides of the herbal medicinal material Astragalus membranaceus and the fungal medicinal material Ganoderma lucidum mycelia,two polysaccharides were mixed according to different proportions and concentrations by using the principle of traditional Chinese medicine compound combination.The effect of polysaccharides on the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical system was determined by salicylic acid method.[Results]When the compound ratios of GLMPS and APS were 1∶1,1∶4,1∶5,4∶1,and 5∶1,the scavenging effect of compound polysaccharides was better than that of single-component polysaccharides,and with the increase of concentration,the scavenging effect increased.When the ratio of GLMPS and APS was 5∶1,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the compound polysaccharide reached 59.77%,which was 18.72%higher than that of single GLMPS and 28.58%higher than that of single APS.The scavenging effect of compound polysaccharide is closely related to the compound ratio and concentration.[Conclusions]APS and GLMPS can obtain better hydroxyl radical scavenging ability than single-component polysaccharides through compounding in appropriate proportions.In addition,within a suitable concentration range,as the concentration increases,the scavenging ability also increases.展开更多
Objective:To green synthesize and characterize copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs)using Astragalus sinicus,as well as evaluate the acaricidal,larvacidal,and repellent activities of Cu NPs against Hyalomma anatolicum(H.anatol...Objective:To green synthesize and characterize copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs)using Astragalus sinicus,as well as evaluate the acaricidal,larvacidal,and repellent activities of Cu NPs against Hyalomma anatolicum(H.anatolicum),one of the most prevalent ticks infesting cattle in Saudi Arabia.Methods:Cu NPs were green synthesized by adding the Astragalus sinicus extract to a copper sulfate solution.The acaricidal,larvicidal,and repellent activities of Cu NPs against H.anatolicum were assessed via the adult immersion test,the larval packet test,and the vertical movement behavior of tick larvae,respectively.The effects of Cu NPs on acetylcholinesterase as well as oxidative enzyme activities were examined.Results:The green synthesized Cu NPs displayed a spherical form with a size range of 15-75 nm.After exposure of adult H.anatolicum to different concentrations of Cu NPs,the viability rate of adult H.anatolicum and the mean number,weight,and hatchability of eggs were noticeably reduced,in comparison to the control group(P<0.001).In addition,the viability rate of larvae considerably declined(P<0.001)with the LC_(50)and LC_(90)values of 11.30 and 20.34μg/m L,respectively.The maximum repellent activity of Cu NPs was observed at 50,100,and 200μg/m L with complete repellent activity after 60,120,and 180 min of exposure,respectively.Cu NPs,mainly at 1/2 LC_(50)and LC_(50)concentrations,markedly suppressed the acetylcholinesterase activity of the larval stage of H.anatolicum(P<0.001).Moreover,Cu NPs,mainly at LC_(50)dose,significantly elevated malondialdehyde level while declining glutathione-S-transferase level in H.anatolicum larvae(P<0.001).Conclusions:Cu NPs show potent acaricidal,larvicidal,and repellent activities against adults and larvae of H.anatolicum.However,further studies must be performed to clarify the precise mechanisms and the efficacy of Cu NPs in practical use.展开更多
Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally re...Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally received streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg.Sixty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups(10 rats per each)including the healthy control group,the diabetic group as well as the diabetic group treated with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day or glibenclamide(0.6 mg/kg/day)for 28 d.The effects of Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract on the levels of glucose,insulin,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,aspartate aminotransferase,bilirubin,creatinine,urea,uric acid,total protein,albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,α-amylase,oxidant/antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.Real time-PCR was also used for measuring the gene expression of caspase-3,Bcl2,and Bax.Results:The levels of glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,creatinine,urea,uric acid,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,and malondialdehyde considerably declined(P<0.001)in diabetic rats after treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg.In addition,treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract noticeably increased the level of insulin,total protein,and albumin as well as improved the activities of catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase,as well as the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,caspase-3,Bcl2 and Bax(P<0.001)compared to the diabetic control group.The extract also inhibitedα-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC_(50)value of 19.6μg/mL.Conclusions:Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract shows potent antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats.However,more studies are needed to verify the underlying mechanism of the effect of this plant extract and test its efficacy in clinical trials.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus in different groups on energy metabolism and CNTF protein expression in skeletal muscle of exercise-induced fatigue rats.[Meth...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus in different groups on energy metabolism and CNTF protein expression in skeletal muscle of exercise-induced fatigue rats.[Methods]Thirty-five clean male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,and low-,meddle-and high-dose groups of A.membranaceus aqueous solution,with 7 rats in each group.The low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups were given by gavage at 0.65,1.3 and 2.6 g/kg,respectively,while the normal group and the model group were given normal food and water.The weight of rats was observed.The contents of serum urea,lactate,muscle glycogen,liver glycogen and CNTF expression were detected.[Results]After modeling,compared with the normal group,the serum lactate and urea contents of rats in the model group significantly increased(P<0.01),while the muscle glycogen content(P<0.01)and liver glycogen content(P<0.05)of the skeletal muscle significantly decreased.Compared with the model group,the low-,meddle-and high-dose groups of A.membranaceus significantly reduced the levels of lactate and urea in serum(P<0.01),while the levels of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen in the skeletal muscle significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).[Conclusions]This study provides a good research foundation for the treatment of exercise-induced fatigue using traditional Chinese herb A.membranaceus in modern clinical practice.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredient...Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.展开更多
As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM)or A.membranaceus(AM)has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phe...As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM)or A.membranaceus(AM)has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phenolic acids and saponins are considered as the main active components contributing to their therapeutic effect in these plants.In order to clarify the distribution and contents of these compounds in different organs of these plants,a rapid and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 25 active compounds including seven types(i.e.dihydroflavones,isoflavane,isoflavones,flavones,pterocarpans,phenolic acid and saponins)within 10 min was established using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLCeMS/MS).Then,the established method was fully validated and successfully applied to the determination of the contents of these analytes in different parts(root,rhizome,stem,leaf and flower)of AMM and AM.The results indicated that the contents of the same type of compounds in two different species plants were significantly different.Moreover,the obvious differences were also found for the distribution and contents of different type of compounds in five organs of the same species.The present study could provide necessary information for the rational development and utilization of AMM and AM resource.展开更多
AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) against experimental colitis.METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colit...AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) against experimental colitis.METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). The rats with colitis were treated with 400 mg/kg of APS for 7 d. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by colonic weight, weight index of the colon, colonic length, and macroscopic and histological scores. The levels of regulatory T(Treg) cells in Peyer's patches were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of related orphan receptor-gt(ROR-gt), IL-23 and STAT-5a was measured by Western blot.RESULTS: After 7-d treatment with APS, the weight index of the colon, colonic weight, macroscopical and histological scores were decreased, while the colonic length was increased compared with the model group. The expression of interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and ROR-gt in the colonic tissues was down-regulated, but Treg cells in Peyer's patches, TGF-β and STAT5 a in the colonic tissues were up-regulated.CONCLUSION: APS effectively ameliorates TNBSinduced experimental colitis in rats, probably through restoring the number of Treg cells, and inhibiting IL-17 levels in Peyer's patches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a main form of inflammatory bowel disease.Due to complicated etiology and a high rate of recurrence,it is quite essential to elucidate the underlying mechanism of and search for eff...BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a main form of inflammatory bowel disease.Due to complicated etiology and a high rate of recurrence,it is quite essential to elucidate the underlying mechanism of and search for effective therapeutic methods for UC.AIM To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)combined with matrine on UC and associated lung injury.METHODS UC was induced in rats by colon mucosal tissue sensitization combined with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid-ethanol.Then,the effects of the treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine on histopathological changes of lung and colon tissues,disease activity index(DAI),colon mucosal damage index(CMDI),serum endotoxin(ET)level,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activity,the contents of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1β,and the activities of myeloperoxidase,superoxide dismutase,and malondialdehyde in lung tissues,as well as the protein expression of zonula occludens(ZO)-1,Occludin,and trefoil factor 3(TFF3)were detected in UC rats.RESULTS The treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine reduced DAI scores and improved histopathological changes of colon and lung tissues,as well as decreased CMDI scores,ET levels,and DAO activities in UC rats.Moreover,in lung tissues,inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury were relieved after the treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine in UC rats.Furthermore,the expression of ZO-1,Occludin,and TFF3 in lung and colon tissues was increased after different treatments in UC rats.Notably,APS combined with matrine exerted a better protective effect against UC and lung injury compared with other treatments.CONCLUSION APS combined with matrine exert a synergistic protective effect against UC and lung injury,which might be associated with regulating TFF3 expression.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown,gut dysbiosis has emerged as a central initiator of obesity-related diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),type 2 diabetes and metabol...OBJECTIVE Although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown,gut dysbiosis has emerged as a central initiator of obesity-related diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.The emerging evidence support the use of prebiotics like herb-derived polysaccharides for treating NAFLD by modulating gut microbiome.So,our study focused on the microbiota-dependent anti-NAFLD effect and the exact mechanisms of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)extracted from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in high-fat diet(HFD)fed mice.METHODS Co-housing experiment was used to assess the microbiota dependent anti-NAFLD effect of APS.Then,targeted metabolomics and metagenomics were adopted for determining short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and bacteria that were specifically enriched by APS.Further in vitro experiment was carried out to test the capacity of SCFAs-producing of identified bacterium.Finally,the anti-NAFLD efficacy of identified bacterium was tested in HFD fed mice.RESULTS Our results first demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of APS in HFD fed mice and the contribution of gut microbiota.Moreover,our results indicated that SCFAs,predominantly acetic acid were elevated in APS-supplemented mice and ex vivo experiment.Metagenomics revealed that D.vulgaris from Desulfovibrio genus was not only enriched by APS,but also a potent generator of acetic acid,which showed significant anti-NAFLD effects in HFD fed mice.In addition,D.vulgaris modulated the hepatic gene expression pattern of lipids metabolism,particularly suppressed hepatic fatty acid synthase(FASN)and CD36 protein expression.CONCLUSION APS enriched D.vulgaris is effective on attenuating hepatic steatosis possibly through producing acetic acid,and modulation on hepatic lipids metabolism in mice.Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term impacts of D.vulgaris on host metabolism and the underlying mechanism.展开更多
Polysaccharides are widely present in herbs with multiple activities,especially immunity regulation and metabolic benefits for metabolic disorders.However,the underlying mechanisms are not well under-stood.Functional ...Polysaccharides are widely present in herbs with multiple activities,especially immunity regulation and metabolic benefits for metabolic disorders.However,the underlying mechanisms are not well under-stood.Functional metabolomics is increasingly used to investigate systemic effects on the host by iden-tifying metabolites with particular functions.This study explores the mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)by adopting a functional metabolomics strategy.The effects of APS were determined in eight-week high-fat diet(HFD)-fed obese mice.Then,gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC–TOFMS)-based untargeted metabolomics was performed for an analysis of serum and liver tissues,and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrom-etry(LC–MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomics was performed.The potential functions of the metabo-lites were tested with in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic disorders.Our results first confirmed the metabolic benefits of APS in obese mice.Then,metabolomics analysis revealed that APS supplemen-tation reversed the HFD-induced metabolic changes,and identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid(2-HB)as a potential functional metabolite for APS activity that was significantly decreased by a HFD and reversed by APS.Further study indicated that 2-HB inhibited oleic acid(OA)-induced triglyceride(TG)accumula-tion.It was also found to stimulate the expression of proteins in lipid degradation in hepatocytes and TG lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells.Moreover,it was found to reduce serum TG and regulate the proteins involved in lipid degradation in high-fat and high-sucrose(HFHS)-fed mice.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the metabolic benefits of APS are at least partially due to 2-HB generation,which modulated lipid metabolism both in vitro and in vivo.Our results also highlight that functional metabolomics is practical for investigating the mechanism underlying the systemic benefits of plant polysaccharides.展开更多
Astragalus is an important traditional Chinese herb that has therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. In this study, the dissolution of metallic elements during the material decoction process was investigat...Astragalus is an important traditional Chinese herb that has therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. In this study, the dissolution of metallic elements during the material decoction process was investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). The Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the drug residues, liquid, and vapor were selected for the study of the transfer of elements after different decocting times. It was found that the intensities of the spectral lines for these elements in the drug liquid increased with increasing decocting times.The contrast trend was observed in the residues and only calcium was detected in the vapor.Furthermore, the relative mass concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the liquid were quantitatively determined by a combination of the standard addition method and calibrationfree-LIBS method by adding the standard concentration solution of Cu and Cd elements into the drug liquids, it can be found that the maximum error between Cd concentration calculated by internal CF-LIBS and the standard is within 10%. This provides a new method of achieving the on-line monitoring and analysis of metallic elements in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
The effect of astragalus on the endothelin in serum and lung of the rats with acute lung injury was studied. The results demonstrated that the concentration of endothelin in the lung of the rats in therapy group was l...The effect of astragalus on the endothelin in serum and lung of the rats with acute lung injury was studied. The results demonstrated that the concentration of endothelin in the lung of the rats in therapy group was lower than that of the injured rats (64.36±5.37 ng/L vs 103.32±4.99 ng/L, P <0.001), and level of serum endothelin was also lower than that of the injured rats (85.35 ng/L vs 113.35 ng/L, P <0.01). PaO 2, serum SOD, lung coefficient, ratio of lung wet weight/dry weight in two groups were also significantly different ( P <0.01) respectively, and the lung pathological injury in the treatment group were less than that of injury group. So it is concluded that astragalus could inhibit the increase of serum and lung endothelin, thereby playing a protective role in the rats with acute lung injury.展开更多
Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its valid...Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its validation by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method.Methods:Ultrasonication method was used to extractβ-sitosterol and lupeol from Astragalus atropilosus(roots).RSM was used to optimize the different extraction parameters viz.liquid to solid ratio(10–14 m L/g),temperature(60-80℃)and time(40–60 min)to maximize the yield ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol.The quantitative estimation ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol was done in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus by validated HPTLC method on 10 cm×20 cm glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plate using hexane and ethyl acetate(8:2,v/v)as mobile phase.Results:A quadratic polynomial model was found to be most appropriate with regard to R1(yield of total extraction;R2/%CV=0.9948/0.28),R2(β-sitosterol yield;R2/%CV=0.9923/0.39)and R3(lupeol yield;R2/%CV=0.9942/0.97).The values of adjusted R2/predicted R2/signal to noise ratio for R1,R2,and R3 were 0.9782/0.9551/48.77,0.9904/0.9110/31.33,and 0.9927/0.9401/36.08,respectively,indicating a high degree of correlation and adequate signal.The linear correlation plot between the predicted and experimental values for R1,R2,and R3 showed high values of R2 ranging from 0.9905-0.9973.β-sitosterol and lupeol in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus were detected at Rf values of 0.22 and 0.34,respectively,atλmax=518 nm.The optimized ultrasonic extraction produced 8.462%w/w of R1,0.451%w/w of R2 and 0.172%w/w of R3 at 13.5 m L/g liquid to solid ratio,78℃of temperature and 60 min of time.Conclusions:The experimental findings of RSM optimized extraction and HPTLC analysis can be further applied for the efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol in other species of Astragalus.展开更多
[Objectives] To investigate the pharmacologic effects of active components from A. membranaceus on human esophageal cancer HCE-4 cells and its apoptosis mechanism. [Methods] The viabilities of HCE-4 cells were measure...[Objectives] To investigate the pharmacologic effects of active components from A. membranaceus on human esophageal cancer HCE-4 cells and its apoptosis mechanism. [Methods] The viabilities of HCE-4 cells were measured by MTT assay. The induction of active components from A. membranaceus on apoptosis of HCE-4 cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The apoptotic-related protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. [Results] Formononetin and astragaloside IV suppressed the proliferation of HCE-4 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining results showed that formononetin and astragaloside IV could induce HCE-4 cells apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. The Western blotting results showed that formononetin and astragaloside IV could significantly down-regulate p-AKT,pro-caspase-3,and increase cle-caspase-3 protein expression in HCE-4 cells. [Conclusions]Active components from A. membranaceus such as formononetin and astragaloside IV significantly inhibited the proliferation of human esophageal cancer HCE-4 cells by inducing mitochondrial dependent apoptosis via AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharma...[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus was determined by HPLC.[Results] There were great differences in the astragaloside IV content of A.membranaceus among different regions.The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Inner Mongolia was highest(0.155%),followed by that(0.143%) in A.membranaceus cultivated in Gansu,and the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Shanxi was lowest(0.080%).The contents of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus from different regions were all in line with the standard(not less than 0.040%) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).[Conclusions]The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in three different regions met the medicinal standards.展开更多
Astragalus polysaccharide (AP) is the extraction of astragalus, which is a plant used in traditional Chinese herb medicine and may increase an orgainism’s resistance to stress. Several earlier studies in vitro have i...Astragalus polysaccharide (AP) is the extraction of astragalus, which is a plant used in traditional Chinese herb medicine and may increase an orgainism’s resistance to stress. Several earlier studies in vitro have indicated that AP has anti-aging activities, however the mechanism underlyling these activities was unclear and remained to be elucidated. In this study, Using the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we evaluated molecular mechanism of the effect of AP on zebrafish growth, development and apoptosis. 30 zebrafish embryos (24 hours post fertilization (hpf)) were exposed to varying concentrations of AP (from 0.125 mg/ml to 0. 5 mg/ml) continuously for 3 days. The results of β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acridine orange fluorescence showed that AP can delay zebrafish embryos apoptosis under the concentration of 0.125 mg/ml. In addition, the differential gene expression of AP treated zebrafish embryos was examined by RT-PCR analysis. We found that the gene expression of mdm2 and tert were up-regulated while bax, p21 and p53 gene expression were down-regulated during early apoptosis of the zebrafish embryos mediated by AP. These results demonstrated that AP may play a role during the induction of senescence and this function might by p53-mediated pathway.展开更多
A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimet...A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman- 4,7-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)based on spectroscopic methods including UV,IR,ESI-MS,1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques.展开更多
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from A.membranaceus(TFA)and their protective mechanisms.TFA offered neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)in the mouse model of Parkinsonism,by improving behavior performance in the gait analysis and pole test,and inhibiting the decline of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons and TH protein expression in substantia nigra of mice.TFA also prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)induced neurotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells,by increasing GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio,and reducing reactive oxygen species.In addition,the neuroprotective effects of TFA were associated with its ability to restore MPTP/MPP+induced downregulation of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4).In conclusion,we demonstrated that TFA exerted significant neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of SLC7A11/GPX-4 axis,suggesting the use of TFA as a possible food supplement in the prevention of PD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903934) Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project(ZC20205).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.
基金Supported by the Project of"Striving to Be First-classImproving Weak LinksBuilding Strong Feature"in 2019–Tropical and South China Sea Biological Resources Comprehensive Utilization Program(000301900410)。
文摘[Objectives]To explore the extraction and in vitro antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)and Ganoderma lucidum mycelia polysaccharides(GLMPS).[Methods]By studying the polysaccharides of the herbal medicinal material Astragalus membranaceus and the fungal medicinal material Ganoderma lucidum mycelia,two polysaccharides were mixed according to different proportions and concentrations by using the principle of traditional Chinese medicine compound combination.The effect of polysaccharides on the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical system was determined by salicylic acid method.[Results]When the compound ratios of GLMPS and APS were 1∶1,1∶4,1∶5,4∶1,and 5∶1,the scavenging effect of compound polysaccharides was better than that of single-component polysaccharides,and with the increase of concentration,the scavenging effect increased.When the ratio of GLMPS and APS was 5∶1,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the compound polysaccharide reached 59.77%,which was 18.72%higher than that of single GLMPS and 28.58%higher than that of single APS.The scavenging effect of compound polysaccharide is closely related to the compound ratio and concentration.[Conclusions]APS and GLMPS can obtain better hydroxyl radical scavenging ability than single-component polysaccharides through compounding in appropriate proportions.In addition,within a suitable concentration range,as the concentration increases,the scavenging ability also increases.
文摘Objective:To green synthesize and characterize copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs)using Astragalus sinicus,as well as evaluate the acaricidal,larvacidal,and repellent activities of Cu NPs against Hyalomma anatolicum(H.anatolicum),one of the most prevalent ticks infesting cattle in Saudi Arabia.Methods:Cu NPs were green synthesized by adding the Astragalus sinicus extract to a copper sulfate solution.The acaricidal,larvicidal,and repellent activities of Cu NPs against H.anatolicum were assessed via the adult immersion test,the larval packet test,and the vertical movement behavior of tick larvae,respectively.The effects of Cu NPs on acetylcholinesterase as well as oxidative enzyme activities were examined.Results:The green synthesized Cu NPs displayed a spherical form with a size range of 15-75 nm.After exposure of adult H.anatolicum to different concentrations of Cu NPs,the viability rate of adult H.anatolicum and the mean number,weight,and hatchability of eggs were noticeably reduced,in comparison to the control group(P<0.001).In addition,the viability rate of larvae considerably declined(P<0.001)with the LC_(50)and LC_(90)values of 11.30 and 20.34μg/m L,respectively.The maximum repellent activity of Cu NPs was observed at 50,100,and 200μg/m L with complete repellent activity after 60,120,and 180 min of exposure,respectively.Cu NPs,mainly at 1/2 LC_(50)and LC_(50)concentrations,markedly suppressed the acetylcholinesterase activity of the larval stage of H.anatolicum(P<0.001).Moreover,Cu NPs,mainly at LC_(50)dose,significantly elevated malondialdehyde level while declining glutathione-S-transferase level in H.anatolicum larvae(P<0.001).Conclusions:Cu NPs show potent acaricidal,larvicidal,and repellent activities against adults and larvae of H.anatolicum.However,further studies must be performed to clarify the precise mechanisms and the efficacy of Cu NPs in practical use.
文摘Objective:To assess the effect of oral treatment of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Astragalus adscendens in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:In order to induce diabetes,rats intraperitoneally received streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg.Sixty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups(10 rats per each)including the healthy control group,the diabetic group as well as the diabetic group treated with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg per day or glibenclamide(0.6 mg/kg/day)for 28 d.The effects of Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract on the levels of glucose,insulin,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,aspartate aminotransferase,bilirubin,creatinine,urea,uric acid,total protein,albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,α-amylase,oxidant/antioxidant enzymes,and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.Real time-PCR was also used for measuring the gene expression of caspase-3,Bcl2,and Bax.Results:The levels of glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,creatinine,urea,uric acid,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,and malondialdehyde considerably declined(P<0.001)in diabetic rats after treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg.In addition,treatment with Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract noticeably increased the level of insulin,total protein,and albumin as well as improved the activities of catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase,as well as the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,caspase-3,Bcl2 and Bax(P<0.001)compared to the diabetic control group.The extract also inhibitedα-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC_(50)value of 19.6μg/mL.Conclusions:Astragalus adscendens methanolic extract shows potent antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats.However,more studies are needed to verify the underlying mechanism of the effect of this plant extract and test its efficacy in clinical trials.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZYDCHZ[2019]42)National Key R&D Plan(2019YFC1712500)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(QKHHBZ[2020]3003).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus in different groups on energy metabolism and CNTF protein expression in skeletal muscle of exercise-induced fatigue rats.[Methods]Thirty-five clean male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,and low-,meddle-and high-dose groups of A.membranaceus aqueous solution,with 7 rats in each group.The low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups were given by gavage at 0.65,1.3 and 2.6 g/kg,respectively,while the normal group and the model group were given normal food and water.The weight of rats was observed.The contents of serum urea,lactate,muscle glycogen,liver glycogen and CNTF expression were detected.[Results]After modeling,compared with the normal group,the serum lactate and urea contents of rats in the model group significantly increased(P<0.01),while the muscle glycogen content(P<0.01)and liver glycogen content(P<0.05)of the skeletal muscle significantly decreased.Compared with the model group,the low-,meddle-and high-dose groups of A.membranaceus significantly reduced the levels of lactate and urea in serum(P<0.01),while the levels of muscle glycogen and liver glycogen in the skeletal muscle significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).[Conclusions]This study provides a good research foundation for the treatment of exercise-induced fatigue using traditional Chinese herb A.membranaceus in modern clinical practice.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903934)Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project(ZC20205).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473538,81873189)the Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2017BY079,2018ZWYQ0077)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-21)
文摘As a traditional Chinese medicine,the root of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM)or A.membranaceus(AM)has been widely used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years.Till now,the flavonoids,phenolic acids and saponins are considered as the main active components contributing to their therapeutic effect in these plants.In order to clarify the distribution and contents of these compounds in different organs of these plants,a rapid and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 25 active compounds including seven types(i.e.dihydroflavones,isoflavane,isoflavones,flavones,pterocarpans,phenolic acid and saponins)within 10 min was established using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLCeMS/MS).Then,the established method was fully validated and successfully applied to the determination of the contents of these analytes in different parts(root,rhizome,stem,leaf and flower)of AMM and AM.The results indicated that the contents of the same type of compounds in two different species plants were significantly different.Moreover,the obvious differences were also found for the distribution and contents of different type of compounds in five organs of the same species.The present study could provide necessary information for the rational development and utilization of AMM and AM resource.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81260595 and No.81460679+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi ProvinceNo.20122BAB215046Chinese Scholarship Council and Jiangxi Province as visiting scholar(CSC:No.201408360106No.201408360110)the Science and Technology project of TCM from the Department of Health of Jiangxi ProvinceNo.2012A017
文摘AIM: To explore probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) against experimental colitis.METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS). The rats with colitis were treated with 400 mg/kg of APS for 7 d. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by colonic weight, weight index of the colon, colonic length, and macroscopic and histological scores. The levels of regulatory T(Treg) cells in Peyer's patches were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of related orphan receptor-gt(ROR-gt), IL-23 and STAT-5a was measured by Western blot.RESULTS: After 7-d treatment with APS, the weight index of the colon, colonic weight, macroscopical and histological scores were decreased, while the colonic length was increased compared with the model group. The expression of interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and ROR-gt in the colonic tissues was down-regulated, but Treg cells in Peyer's patches, TGF-β and STAT5 a in the colonic tissues were up-regulated.CONCLUSION: APS effectively ameliorates TNBSinduced experimental colitis in rats, probably through restoring the number of Treg cells, and inhibiting IL-17 levels in Peyer's patches.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81704059
文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a main form of inflammatory bowel disease.Due to complicated etiology and a high rate of recurrence,it is quite essential to elucidate the underlying mechanism of and search for effective therapeutic methods for UC.AIM To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS)combined with matrine on UC and associated lung injury.METHODS UC was induced in rats by colon mucosal tissue sensitization combined with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid-ethanol.Then,the effects of the treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine on histopathological changes of lung and colon tissues,disease activity index(DAI),colon mucosal damage index(CMDI),serum endotoxin(ET)level,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activity,the contents of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1β,and the activities of myeloperoxidase,superoxide dismutase,and malondialdehyde in lung tissues,as well as the protein expression of zonula occludens(ZO)-1,Occludin,and trefoil factor 3(TFF3)were detected in UC rats.RESULTS The treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine reduced DAI scores and improved histopathological changes of colon and lung tissues,as well as decreased CMDI scores,ET levels,and DAO activities in UC rats.Moreover,in lung tissues,inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury were relieved after the treatments of salazopyrine,APS,matrine,and APS combined with matrine in UC rats.Furthermore,the expression of ZO-1,Occludin,and TFF3 in lung and colon tissues was increased after different treatments in UC rats.Notably,APS combined with matrine exerted a better protective effect against UC and lung injury compared with other treatments.CONCLUSION APS combined with matrine exert a synergistic protective effect against UC and lung injury,which might be associated with regulating TFF3 expression.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873059,82004016)。
文摘OBJECTIVE Although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown,gut dysbiosis has emerged as a central initiator of obesity-related diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.The emerging evidence support the use of prebiotics like herb-derived polysaccharides for treating NAFLD by modulating gut microbiome.So,our study focused on the microbiota-dependent anti-NAFLD effect and the exact mechanisms of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)extracted from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in high-fat diet(HFD)fed mice.METHODS Co-housing experiment was used to assess the microbiota dependent anti-NAFLD effect of APS.Then,targeted metabolomics and metagenomics were adopted for determining short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and bacteria that were specifically enriched by APS.Further in vitro experiment was carried out to test the capacity of SCFAs-producing of identified bacterium.Finally,the anti-NAFLD efficacy of identified bacterium was tested in HFD fed mice.RESULTS Our results first demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of APS in HFD fed mice and the contribution of gut microbiota.Moreover,our results indicated that SCFAs,predominantly acetic acid were elevated in APS-supplemented mice and ex vivo experiment.Metagenomics revealed that D.vulgaris from Desulfovibrio genus was not only enriched by APS,but also a potent generator of acetic acid,which showed significant anti-NAFLD effects in HFD fed mice.In addition,D.vulgaris modulated the hepatic gene expression pattern of lipids metabolism,particularly suppressed hepatic fatty acid synthase(FASN)and CD36 protein expression.CONCLUSION APS enriched D.vulgaris is effective on attenuating hepatic steatosis possibly through producing acetic acid,and modulation on hepatic lipids metabolism in mice.Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term impacts of D.vulgaris on host metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673662 and 81873059)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar)&Shuguang Scholar (16SG36) at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning from Shanghai Municipal Education
文摘Polysaccharides are widely present in herbs with multiple activities,especially immunity regulation and metabolic benefits for metabolic disorders.However,the underlying mechanisms are not well under-stood.Functional metabolomics is increasingly used to investigate systemic effects on the host by iden-tifying metabolites with particular functions.This study explores the mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)by adopting a functional metabolomics strategy.The effects of APS were determined in eight-week high-fat diet(HFD)-fed obese mice.Then,gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC–TOFMS)-based untargeted metabolomics was performed for an analysis of serum and liver tissues,and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrom-etry(LC–MS/MS)-based targeted metabolomics was performed.The potential functions of the metabo-lites were tested with in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic disorders.Our results first confirmed the metabolic benefits of APS in obese mice.Then,metabolomics analysis revealed that APS supplemen-tation reversed the HFD-induced metabolic changes,and identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid(2-HB)as a potential functional metabolite for APS activity that was significantly decreased by a HFD and reversed by APS.Further study indicated that 2-HB inhibited oleic acid(OA)-induced triglyceride(TG)accumula-tion.It was also found to stimulate the expression of proteins in lipid degradation in hepatocytes and TG lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells.Moreover,it was found to reduce serum TG and regulate the proteins involved in lipid degradation in high-fat and high-sucrose(HFHS)-fed mice.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the metabolic benefits of APS are at least partially due to 2-HB generation,which modulated lipid metabolism both in vitro and in vivo.Our results also highlight that functional metabolomics is practical for investigating the mechanism underlying the systemic benefits of plant polysaccharides.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61965015,11564037,61741513,11364037)The Special Fund Project for Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation of Gansu Province(No.2019zx-10)Young Teachers Scientific Research Ability Promotion Plan of Northwest Normal University(No.NWNU-LKQN2019-1).
文摘Astragalus is an important traditional Chinese herb that has therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. In this study, the dissolution of metallic elements during the material decoction process was investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). The Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the drug residues, liquid, and vapor were selected for the study of the transfer of elements after different decocting times. It was found that the intensities of the spectral lines for these elements in the drug liquid increased with increasing decocting times.The contrast trend was observed in the residues and only calcium was detected in the vapor.Furthermore, the relative mass concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the liquid were quantitatively determined by a combination of the standard addition method and calibrationfree-LIBS method by adding the standard concentration solution of Cu and Cd elements into the drug liquids, it can be found that the maximum error between Cd concentration calculated by internal CF-LIBS and the standard is within 10%. This provides a new method of achieving the on-line monitoring and analysis of metallic elements in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.
文摘The effect of astragalus on the endothelin in serum and lung of the rats with acute lung injury was studied. The results demonstrated that the concentration of endothelin in the lung of the rats in therapy group was lower than that of the injured rats (64.36±5.37 ng/L vs 103.32±4.99 ng/L, P <0.001), and level of serum endothelin was also lower than that of the injured rats (85.35 ng/L vs 113.35 ng/L, P <0.01). PaO 2, serum SOD, lung coefficient, ratio of lung wet weight/dry weight in two groups were also significantly different ( P <0.01) respectively, and the lung pathological injury in the treatment group were less than that of injury group. So it is concluded that astragalus could inhibit the increase of serum and lung endothelin, thereby playing a protective role in the rats with acute lung injury.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP-2019/132),King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
文摘Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its validation by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method.Methods:Ultrasonication method was used to extractβ-sitosterol and lupeol from Astragalus atropilosus(roots).RSM was used to optimize the different extraction parameters viz.liquid to solid ratio(10–14 m L/g),temperature(60-80℃)and time(40–60 min)to maximize the yield ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol.The quantitative estimation ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol was done in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus by validated HPTLC method on 10 cm×20 cm glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plate using hexane and ethyl acetate(8:2,v/v)as mobile phase.Results:A quadratic polynomial model was found to be most appropriate with regard to R1(yield of total extraction;R2/%CV=0.9948/0.28),R2(β-sitosterol yield;R2/%CV=0.9923/0.39)and R3(lupeol yield;R2/%CV=0.9942/0.97).The values of adjusted R2/predicted R2/signal to noise ratio for R1,R2,and R3 were 0.9782/0.9551/48.77,0.9904/0.9110/31.33,and 0.9927/0.9401/36.08,respectively,indicating a high degree of correlation and adequate signal.The linear correlation plot between the predicted and experimental values for R1,R2,and R3 showed high values of R2 ranging from 0.9905-0.9973.β-sitosterol and lupeol in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus were detected at Rf values of 0.22 and 0.34,respectively,atλmax=518 nm.The optimized ultrasonic extraction produced 8.462%w/w of R1,0.451%w/w of R2 and 0.172%w/w of R3 at 13.5 m L/g liquid to solid ratio,78℃of temperature and 60 min of time.Conclusions:The experimental findings of RSM optimized extraction and HPTLC analysis can be further applied for the efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol in other species of Astragalus.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LC2015036)the Program of Cultivation and Support Projects of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(XA2015-04)+2 种基金the Research Project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(XYB2013-24)the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-Q13132)the Scientific Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(YJSCX2017-Y72)
文摘[Objectives] To investigate the pharmacologic effects of active components from A. membranaceus on human esophageal cancer HCE-4 cells and its apoptosis mechanism. [Methods] The viabilities of HCE-4 cells were measured by MTT assay. The induction of active components from A. membranaceus on apoptosis of HCE-4 cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The apoptotic-related protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. [Results] Formononetin and astragaloside IV suppressed the proliferation of HCE-4 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining results showed that formononetin and astragaloside IV could induce HCE-4 cells apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. The Western blotting results showed that formononetin and astragaloside IV could significantly down-regulate p-AKT,pro-caspase-3,and increase cle-caspase-3 protein expression in HCE-4 cells. [Conclusions]Active components from A. membranaceus such as formononetin and astragaloside IV significantly inhibited the proliferation of human esophageal cancer HCE-4 cells by inducing mitochondrial dependent apoptosis via AKT signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Tianjin Natural Science Fund(17JCYBJC29800)Tianjin Agricultural College Various Talents Funding Plan Project(J01009030702)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project in the Field of Social Development of Binhai New Area,TianjinAgricultural Science and Technology Plan Project of Baodi District,Tianjin(201838)
文摘[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus was determined by HPLC.[Results] There were great differences in the astragaloside IV content of A.membranaceus among different regions.The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Inner Mongolia was highest(0.155%),followed by that(0.143%) in A.membranaceus cultivated in Gansu,and the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Shanxi was lowest(0.080%).The contents of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus from different regions were all in line with the standard(not less than 0.040%) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).[Conclusions]The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in three different regions met the medicinal standards.
文摘Astragalus polysaccharide (AP) is the extraction of astragalus, which is a plant used in traditional Chinese herb medicine and may increase an orgainism’s resistance to stress. Several earlier studies in vitro have indicated that AP has anti-aging activities, however the mechanism underlyling these activities was unclear and remained to be elucidated. In this study, Using the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we evaluated molecular mechanism of the effect of AP on zebrafish growth, development and apoptosis. 30 zebrafish embryos (24 hours post fertilization (hpf)) were exposed to varying concentrations of AP (from 0.125 mg/ml to 0. 5 mg/ml) continuously for 3 days. The results of β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acridine orange fluorescence showed that AP can delay zebrafish embryos apoptosis under the concentration of 0.125 mg/ml. In addition, the differential gene expression of AP treated zebrafish embryos was examined by RT-PCR analysis. We found that the gene expression of mdm2 and tert were up-regulated while bax, p21 and p53 gene expression were down-regulated during early apoptosis of the zebrafish embryos mediated by AP. These results demonstrated that AP may play a role during the induction of senescence and this function might by p53-mediated pathway.
文摘A new isoflavane named astraganoside,together with five known compounds had been isolated from the processed Astragralus membranaceus.The structure of the novel compound was elucidated as(3R,4R)-3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)chroman- 4,7-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)based on spectroscopic methods including UV,IR,ESI-MS,1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques.
