This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section...This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section of log and those points were fitted with the quadratic B-spline parametric curve. This method can clearly stimulate the real shape of the log cross section and is characterized by limited sampling points and high speed computing. The computed result of the previous curve does not affect the next one, which may avoid the graphic distortion caused by the accumulative error. The method can be used to simulate the whole body shape of log approximately by sampling the cross sections along the length direction of log, thus providing a reference model for optimum saw cutting of log.展开更多
In this paper,we propose an efficient method to construct energy-minimizing B-spline curves by using discrete mask method.The linear relations between control points are firstly derived for different energy-minimizati...In this paper,we propose an efficient method to construct energy-minimizing B-spline curves by using discrete mask method.The linear relations between control points are firstly derived for different energy-minimization problems,then the construction of B-spline curve with minimal internal energy can be addressed by solving a sparse linear system.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the linear system are also proved.Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach,and its application in 1 G blending curve construction is also presented.展开更多
Applying the distance function between two B-spline curves with respect to the L2 norm as the approximate error, we investigate the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curv...Applying the distance function between two B-spline curves with respect to the L2 norm as the approximate error, we investigate the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curve. Then this method can be easily extended to the approximate merging problem of multiple B-spline curves and of two adjacent surfaces. After minimizing the approximate error between curves or surfaces, the approximate merging problem can be transformed into equations solving. We express both the new control points and the precise error of approximation explicitly in matrix form. Based on homogeneous coordinates and quadratic programming, we also introduce a new framework for approximate merging of two adjacent NURBS curves. Finally, several numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the algorithm.展开更多
A new method to the problem of fairing planar cubic B-spline curves is introduced in this paper. The method is based on weighted progressive iterative approximation （WPIA for short） and consists of following steps：...A new method to the problem of fairing planar cubic B-spline curves is introduced in this paper. The method is based on weighted progressive iterative approximation （WPIA for short） and consists of following steps： finding the bad point which needs to fair, deleting the bad point, re-inserting a new data point to keep the structm-e of the curve and applying WPIA method with the new set of the data points to obtain the faired curve. The new set of the data points is formed by the rest of the original data points and the new inserted point. The method can be used for shape design and data processing. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Routing algorithms capable of providing quality of service （QoS） will play an important role in future communication networks. For the trajectory-based routing （ TBR）, An effective method of en- coding trajectorie...Routing algorithms capable of providing quality of service （QoS） will play an important role in future communication networks. For the trajectory-based routing （ TBR）, An effective method of en- coding trajectories into packets is proposed. The method uses a B-spline curve, which provides a lot of flexibility. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is im- proved significantly compared with the existing algorithm.展开更多
A method to reconstruct symmetric B-spline curves and surfaces is presented. The symmetry property is realized by using symmetric knot vector and symmetric control points. Firstly, data points are divided into two par...A method to reconstruct symmetric B-spline curves and surfaces is presented. The symmetry property is realized by using symmetric knot vector and symmetric control points. Firstly, data points are divided into two parts based on the symmetry axis or symmetry plane extracted from data points. Then the divided data points are parameterized and a symmetric knot vector is selected in order to get symmetric B-spline basis functions. Constraint equations regarding the control points are deduced to keep the control points of the B-spline curve or surface to be symmetric with respect to the extracted symmetry axis or symmetry plane. Lastly, the constrained least squares fitting problem is solved with the Lagrange multiplier method. Two examples from industry are given to show that the proposed method is efficient, robust and able to meet the general engineering requirements.展开更多
ωB-splines have many optimal properties and can reproduce plentiful commonly-used analytical curves.In this paper,we further propose a non-stationary subdivision method of hierarchically and efficiently generatingωB...ωB-splines have many optimal properties and can reproduce plentiful commonly-used analytical curves.In this paper,we further propose a non-stationary subdivision method of hierarchically and efficiently generatingωB-spline curves of arbitrary order ofωB-spline curves and prove its C^k?2-continuity by two kinds of methods.The first method directly prove that the sequence of control polygons of subdivision of order k converges to a C^k?2-continuousωB-spline curve of order k.The second one is based on the theories upon subdivision masks and asymptotic equivalence etc.,which is more convenient to be further extended to the case of surface subdivision.And the problem of approximation order of this non-stationary subdivision scheme is also discussed.Then a uniform ωB-spline curve has both perfect mathematical representation and efficient generation method,which will benefit the application ofωB-splines.展开更多
A strategy for B-spline curve data reduction based on non-uniform B-spline wavelet decomposition is presented. In existing methods of knot removal, ranking the removal knots depends on a procedure of assigning a weigh...A strategy for B-spline curve data reduction based on non-uniform B-spline wavelet decomposition is presented. In existing methods of knot removal, ranking the removal knots depends on a procedure of assigning a weight to each knot to indicate its significance. This is reasonable but not straightforward. Propose is a more straightforward and accurate method to calculate the weight. The wavelet coefficient is taken as a weight for the corresponding knot. The approximating curve and the error can be obtained directly from the wavelet decomposition. By using the hierarchical structure of the wavelet, the error can be computed efficiently in an accumulative manner.展开更多
Knot insertion algorithm is one of the most important technologies of B-spline method. By inserting a knot the local prop- erties of B-spline curve and the control flexibility of its shape can be fiu＇ther improved, a...Knot insertion algorithm is one of the most important technologies of B-spline method. By inserting a knot the local prop- erties of B-spline curve and the control flexibility of its shape can be fiu＇ther improved, also the segmentation of the curve can be rea- lized. ECT spline curve is drew by the multi-knots spline curve with associated matrix in ECT spline space; Muehlbach G and Tang Y and many others have deduced the existence and uniqueness of the ECT spline function and developed many of its important properties .This paper mainly focuses on the knot insertion algorithm of ECT B-spline curve.It is the widest popularization of B-spline Behm algorithm and theory. Inspired by the Behm algorithm, in the ECT spline space, structure of generalized P61ya poly- nomials and generalized de Boor Fix dual functional, expressing new control points which are inserted after the knot by linear com- bination of original control vertex the single knot, and there are two cases, one is the single knot, the other is the double knot. Then finally comes the insertion algorithm of ECT spline curve knot. By application of the knot insertion algorithm, this paper also gives out the knot insertion algorithm of four order geometric continuous piecewise polynomial B-spline and algebraic trigonometric spline B-spline, which is consistent with previous results.展开更多
This paper considers the construction of a rational cubic B-spline curve that willinterpolate a sequence of data points x'+ith specified tangent directions at those points. It is emphasisedthat the constraints are...This paper considers the construction of a rational cubic B-spline curve that willinterpolate a sequence of data points x'+ith specified tangent directions at those points. It is emphasisedthat the constraints are purely geometrical and that the pararnetric tangent magnitudes are notassigned as in many' curl'e manipulation methods. The knot vector is fixed and the unknowns are thecontrol points and x'eightsf in this respect the technique is fundamentally different from otherswhere knot insertion is allowed.First. the theoretical result3 for the uniform rational cubic B-spline are presented. Then. in theplanar case. the effect of changes to the tangent at a single point and the acceptable bounds for thechange are established so that all the weights and tangent magnitUdes remain positive. Finally, aninteractive procedure for controlling the shape of a planar rational cubic B-spline curve is presented.展开更多
Besides exhibiting excellent capabilities such as energy absorption,phase-transforming metamaterials offer a vast design space for achieving nonlinear constitutive relations.This is facilitated by switching between di...Besides exhibiting excellent capabilities such as energy absorption,phase-transforming metamaterials offer a vast design space for achieving nonlinear constitutive relations.This is facilitated by switching between different patterns under deformation.However,the related inverse design problem is quite challenging,due to the lack of appropriate mathematical formulation and the convergence issue in the post-buckling analysis of intermediate designs.In this work,periodic unit cells are explicitly described by the moving morphable voids method and effectively analyzed by eliminating the degrees of freedom in void regions.Furthermore,by exploring the Pareto frontiers between error and cost,an inverse design formulation is proposed for unit cells.This formulation aims to achieve a prescribed constitutive curve and is validated through numerical examples and experimental results.The design approach presented here can be extended to the inverse design of other types of mechanical metamaterials with prescribed nonlinear effective properties.展开更多
With its generality and practicality, the combination of partial charging curves and machine learning(ML) for battery capacity estimation has attracted widespread attention. However, a clear classification,fair compar...With its generality and practicality, the combination of partial charging curves and machine learning(ML) for battery capacity estimation has attracted widespread attention. However, a clear classification,fair comparison, and performance rationalization of these methods are lacking, due to the scattered existing studies. To address these issues, we develop 20 capacity estimation methods from three perspectives:charging sequence construction, input forms, and ML models. 22,582 charging curves are generated from 44 cells with different battery chemistry and operating conditions to validate the performance. Through comprehensive and unbiased comparison, the long short-term memory(LSTM) based neural network exhibits the best accuracy and robustness. Across all 6503 tested samples, the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) for capacity estimation using LSTM is 0.61%, with a maximum error of only 3.94%. Even with the addition of 3 m V voltage noise or the extension of sampling intervals to 60 s, the average MAPE remains below 2%. Furthermore, the charging sequences are provided with physical explanations related to battery degradation to enhance confidence in their application. Recommendations for using other competitive methods are also presented. This work provides valuable insights and guidance for estimating battery capacity based on partial charging curves.展开更多
The soil freezing characteristic curve(SFCC)plays a fundamental role in comprehending thermohydraulic behavior and numerical simulation of frozen soil.This study proposes a dynamic model to uniformly express SFCCs ami...The soil freezing characteristic curve(SFCC)plays a fundamental role in comprehending thermohydraulic behavior and numerical simulation of frozen soil.This study proposes a dynamic model to uniformly express SFCCs amidst varying total water contents throughout the freezing-thawing process.Firstly,a general model is proposed,wherein the unfrozen water content at arbitrary temperature is determined as the lesser of the current total water content and the reference value derived from saturated SFCC.The dynamic performance of this model is verified through test data.Subsequently,in accordance with electric double layer(EDL)theory,the theoretical residual and minimum temperatures in SFCC are calculated to be-14.5℃to-20℃for clay particles and-260℃,respectively.To ensure that the SFCC curve ends at minimum temperature,a correction function is introduced into the general model.Furthermore,a simplified dynamic model is proposed and investigated,necessitating only three parameters inherited from the general model.Additionally,both general and simplified models are evaluated based on a test database and proven to fit the test data exactly across the entire temperature range.Typical recommended parameter values for various types of soils are summarized.Overall,this study provides not only a theoretical basis for most empirical equations but also proposes a new and more general equation to describe the SFCC.展开更多
The classification of functional data has drawn much attention in recent years.The main challenge is representing infinite-dimensional functional data by finite-dimensional features while utilizing those features to a...The classification of functional data has drawn much attention in recent years.The main challenge is representing infinite-dimensional functional data by finite-dimensional features while utilizing those features to achieve better classification accuracy.In this paper,we propose a mean-variance-based(MV)feature weighting method for classifying functional data or functional curves.In the feature extraction stage,each sample curve is approximated by B-splines to transfer features to the coefficients of the spline basis.After that,a feature weighting approach based on statistical principles is introduced by comprehensively considering the between-class differences and within-class variations of the coefficients.We also introduce a scaling parameter to adjust the gap between the weights of features.The new feature weighting approach can adaptively enhance noteworthy local features while mitigating the impact of confusing features.The algorithms for feature weighted K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers are both provided.Moreover,the new approach can be well integrated into existing functional data classifiers,such as the generalized functional linear model and functional linear discriminant analysis,resulting in a more accurate classification.The performance of the mean-variance-based classifiers is evaluated by simulation studies and real data.The results show that the newfeatureweighting approach significantly improves the classification accuracy for complex functional data.展开更多
In the actual monitoring of deep hole displacement,the identification of slip surfaces is primarily based on abrupt changes observed in the inclinometric curve.In conventional identification methods,inclinometric curv...In the actual monitoring of deep hole displacement,the identification of slip surfaces is primarily based on abrupt changes observed in the inclinometric curve.In conventional identification methods,inclinometric curves exhibiting indications of sliding can be categorized into three types:B-type,D-type,and r-type.The position of the slip surface is typically determined by identifying the depth corresponding to the point of maximum displacement mutation.However,this method is sensitive to the interval of measurement points and the observation scale of the coordinate axes and suffers from unclear sliding surfaces and uncertain values.Based on the variation characteristics of these diagonal curves,we classified the landslide into three components:the sliding body,the sliding interval,and the immobile body.Moreover,three different generalization models were established to analyze the relationships between the curve form and the slip surface location based on different physical indicators such as displacement rate,relative displacement,and acceleration.The results show that the displacement rate curves of an r-type slope exhibit a clustering feature in the sliding interval,and by solving for the depth of discrete points within the step phase,it is possible to determine the location of the slip surface.On the other hand,D-type slopes have inflection points in the relative displacement curve located at the slip surface.The acceleration curves of B-type slopes exhibit clustering characteristics during the sliding interval,while the scattered acceleration data demonstrate wandering characteristics.Consequently,the slip surface location can be revealed by solving the depth corresponding to the maximum acceleration with cubic spline interpolation.The approach proposed in this paper was applied to the monitoring data of a landslide in Yunnan Province,China.The results indicate that our approach can accurately identify the slip surface location and enable computability of its position,thereby enhancing applicability and reliability of the deep-hole displacement monitoring data.展开更多
Recently,a description on a practicability of the Wöhler Curve Method for low-cycle fatigue of metals was given by the author.By the description and the low cycle fatigue test data of 16 MnR steel,it is important...Recently,a description on a practicability of the Wöhler Curve Method for low-cycle fatigue of metals was given by the author.By the description and the low cycle fatigue test data of 16 MnR steel,it is important to show that,for low cycle fatigue of metals,such a way that a stress-based intensity parameter calculated by the linear-elastic analysis is taken to be a stress intensity parameter,S,to establish a relationship between the stress intensity parameter,S,and the fatigue life,N,is practicable.In this paper,many metallic materials from the literature are given to show that the Wöhler Curve Method is well suitable for low-cycle fatigue analysis of metals.展开更多
This paper presents the design of a novel honeycomb structure with a double curved beam.The purpose of this design is to achieve vibration isolation for the main engine of an offshore platform and reduce impact loads....This paper presents the design of a novel honeycomb structure with a double curved beam.The purpose of this design is to achieve vibration isolation for the main engine of an offshore platform and reduce impact loads.An analytical formula for the force-displacement relationship of the honeycomb single-cell structure is presented based on the modal superposition method.This formula provides a theoretical basis for predicting the compression performance of honeycomb structures.The effects of structural geometric parameters,series and parallel connection methods on the mechanical and energy absorption properties are investigated through mathematical modeling and experimental methods.Furthermore,the study focuses on the vibration isolation and impact resistance performance of honeycomb panels.The results show that the designed honeycomb structure has good mechanical and energy absorption performance,and its energy absorption effect is related to the geometric parameters and series and parallel connection methods of the structure.The isolation efficiency of the honeycomb with 4 rows and 3 columns reaches 38%.The initial isolation frequency of the isolator is 11.7 Hz.展开更多
This study proposes a batch rapid quantitative analysis method for multiple elements by combining the advantages of standard curve(SC)and calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS)technology to ach...This study proposes a batch rapid quantitative analysis method for multiple elements by combining the advantages of standard curve(SC)and calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS)technology to achieve synchronous,rapid,and accurate measurement of elements in a large number of samples,namely,SC-assisted CF-LIBS.Al alloy standard samples,divided into calibration and test samples,were applied to validate the proposed method.SC was built based on the characteristic line of Pb and Cr in the calibration sample,and the contents of Pb and Cr in the test sample were calculated with relative errors of 6%and 4%,respectively.SC built using Cr with multiple characteristic lines yielded better calculation results.The relative contents of ten elements in the test sample were calculated using CF-LIBS.Subsequently,the SC-assisted CF-LIBS was executed,with the majority of the calculation relative errors falling within the range of 2%-5%.Finally,the Al and Na contents of the Al alloy were predicted.The results demonstrate that it effectively enables the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of multiple elements after a single-element SC analysis of the tested samples.Furthermore,this quantitative analysis method was successfully applied to soil and Astragalus samples,realizing an accurate calculation of the contents of multiple elements.Thus,it is important to advance the LIBS quantitative analysis and its related applications.展开更多
The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical models.B...The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical models.Based on the deep seismic tomography using long-period natural earthquake data,in this study,the deep structure and material circulation of the curved subduction system in Southeast Asia was studied,and the dynamic processes since 100 million years ago was reconstructed.It is pointed out that challenges still exist in the precise reconstruction of deep mantle structures of the study area,the influence of multi-stage subduction on deep material exchange and shallow magma activity,as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-plate convergence.Future work should focus on high-resolution land-sea joint 3-D seismic tomography imaging of the curved subduction system in the Southeast Asia,combined with geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling works.展开更多
基金The research is supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571455)and National "948" Project(2005-4-62)
文摘This paper describes a new method for simulation of the cross section shape of log. The self-developed MQK3102 log shape recognizing machine was used to acquire the finite discrete sampling points on the cross section of log and those points were fitted with the quadratic B-spline parametric curve. This method can clearly stimulate the real shape of the log cross section and is characterized by limited sampling points and high speed computing. The computed result of the previous curve does not affect the next one, which may avoid the graphic distortion caused by the accumulative error. The method can be used to simulate the whole body shape of log approximately by sampling the cross sections along the length direction of log, thus providing a reference model for optimum saw cutting of log.
基金Thanks for the reviewers’comments to improve the paper.This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61772163,61761136010,61472111,Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.LR16F020003,LQ16F020005.
文摘In this paper,we propose an efficient method to construct energy-minimizing B-spline curves by using discrete mask method.The linear relations between control points are firstly derived for different energy-minimization problems,then the construction of B-spline curve with minimal internal energy can be addressed by solving a sparse linear system.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the linear system are also proved.Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach,and its application in 1 G blending curve construction is also presented.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60873111, 60933007)
文摘Applying the distance function between two B-spline curves with respect to the L2 norm as the approximate error, we investigate the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curve. Then this method can be easily extended to the approximate merging problem of multiple B-spline curves and of two adjacent surfaces. After minimizing the approximate error between curves or surfaces, the approximate merging problem can be transformed into equations solving. We express both the new control points and the precise error of approximation explicitly in matrix form. Based on homogeneous coordinates and quadratic programming, we also introduce a new framework for approximate merging of two adjacent NURBS curves. Finally, several numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the algorithm.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1135003 and No.61100126)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China for Young Scholars(No.20100111120023,No.20110111120026)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.11040606Q42)
文摘A new method to the problem of fairing planar cubic B-spline curves is introduced in this paper. The method is based on weighted progressive iterative approximation （WPIA for short） and consists of following steps： finding the bad point which needs to fair, deleting the bad point, re-inserting a new data point to keep the structm-e of the curve and applying WPIA method with the new set of the data points to obtain the faired curve. The new set of the data points is formed by the rest of the original data points and the new inserted point. The method can be used for shape design and data processing. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （11171316）, and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （No. Y6090472）.
文摘Routing algorithms capable of providing quality of service （QoS） will play an important role in future communication networks. For the trajectory-based routing （ TBR）, An effective method of en- coding trajectories into packets is proposed. The method uses a B-spline curve, which provides a lot of flexibility. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is im- proved significantly compared with the existing algorithm.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50575098).
文摘A method to reconstruct symmetric B-spline curves and surfaces is presented. The symmetry property is realized by using symmetric knot vector and symmetric control points. Firstly, data points are divided into two parts based on the symmetry axis or symmetry plane extracted from data points. Then the divided data points are parameterized and a symmetric knot vector is selected in order to get symmetric B-spline basis functions. Constraint equations regarding the control points are deduced to keep the control points of the B-spline curve or surface to be symmetric with respect to the extracted symmetry axis or symmetry plane. Lastly, the constrained least squares fitting problem is solved with the Lagrange multiplier method. Two examples from industry are given to show that the proposed method is efficient, robust and able to meet the general engineering requirements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61772164,61761136010)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY17F020025).
文摘ωB-splines have many optimal properties and can reproduce plentiful commonly-used analytical curves.In this paper,we further propose a non-stationary subdivision method of hierarchically and efficiently generatingωB-spline curves of arbitrary order ofωB-spline curves and prove its C^k?2-continuity by two kinds of methods.The first method directly prove that the sequence of control polygons of subdivision of order k converges to a C^k?2-continuousωB-spline curve of order k.The second one is based on the theories upon subdivision masks and asymptotic equivalence etc.,which is more convenient to be further extended to the case of surface subdivision.And the problem of approximation order of this non-stationary subdivision scheme is also discussed.Then a uniform ωB-spline curve has both perfect mathematical representation and efficient generation method,which will benefit the application ofωB-splines.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (50075032) and State High-Technology Development Program of China (2001AA421150)
文摘A strategy for B-spline curve data reduction based on non-uniform B-spline wavelet decomposition is presented. In existing methods of knot removal, ranking the removal knots depends on a procedure of assigning a weight to each knot to indicate its significance. This is reasonable but not straightforward. Propose is a more straightforward and accurate method to calculate the weight. The wavelet coefficient is taken as a weight for the corresponding knot. The approximating curve and the error can be obtained directly from the wavelet decomposition. By using the hierarchical structure of the wavelet, the error can be computed efficiently in an accumulative manner.
基金Supported by Financially Supported by the NUAA Fundamental Research Funds(No.NZ2013201)
文摘Knot insertion algorithm is one of the most important technologies of B-spline method. By inserting a knot the local prop- erties of B-spline curve and the control flexibility of its shape can be fiu＇ther improved, also the segmentation of the curve can be rea- lized. ECT spline curve is drew by the multi-knots spline curve with associated matrix in ECT spline space; Muehlbach G and Tang Y and many others have deduced the existence and uniqueness of the ECT spline function and developed many of its important properties .This paper mainly focuses on the knot insertion algorithm of ECT B-spline curve.It is the widest popularization of B-spline Behm algorithm and theory. Inspired by the Behm algorithm, in the ECT spline space, structure of generalized P61ya poly- nomials and generalized de Boor Fix dual functional, expressing new control points which are inserted after the knot by linear com- bination of original control vertex the single knot, and there are two cases, one is the single knot, the other is the double knot. Then finally comes the insertion algorithm of ECT spline curve knot. By application of the knot insertion algorithm, this paper also gives out the knot insertion algorithm of four order geometric continuous piecewise polynomial B-spline and algebraic trigonometric spline B-spline, which is consistent with previous results.
文摘This paper considers the construction of a rational cubic B-spline curve that willinterpolate a sequence of data points x'+ith specified tangent directions at those points. It is emphasisedthat the constraints are purely geometrical and that the pararnetric tangent magnitudes are notassigned as in many' curl'e manipulation methods. The knot vector is fixed and the unknowns are thecontrol points and x'eightsf in this respect the technique is fundamentally different from otherswhere knot insertion is allowed.First. the theoretical result3 for the uniform rational cubic B-spline are presented. Then. in theplanar case. the effect of changes to the tangent at a single point and the acceptable bounds for thechange are established so that all the weights and tangent magnitUdes remain positive. Finally, aninteractive procedure for controlling the shape of a planar rational cubic B-spline curve is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12002073 and 12372122)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2020YFB 1709401)+2 种基金the Science Technology Plan of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2023JH2/101600044)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Pro-gram(Grant No.XLYC2001003)111 Project of China(Grant No.B14013).
文摘Besides exhibiting excellent capabilities such as energy absorption,phase-transforming metamaterials offer a vast design space for achieving nonlinear constitutive relations.This is facilitated by switching between different patterns under deformation.However,the related inverse design problem is quite challenging,due to the lack of appropriate mathematical formulation and the convergence issue in the post-buckling analysis of intermediate designs.In this work,periodic unit cells are explicitly described by the moving morphable voids method and effectively analyzed by eliminating the degrees of freedom in void regions.Furthermore,by exploring the Pareto frontiers between error and cost,an inverse design formulation is proposed for unit cells.This formulation aims to achieve a prescribed constitutive curve and is validated through numerical examples and experimental results.The design approach presented here can be extended to the inverse design of other types of mechanical metamaterials with prescribed nonlinear effective properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52075420)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1708400)。
文摘With its generality and practicality, the combination of partial charging curves and machine learning(ML) for battery capacity estimation has attracted widespread attention. However, a clear classification,fair comparison, and performance rationalization of these methods are lacking, due to the scattered existing studies. To address these issues, we develop 20 capacity estimation methods from three perspectives:charging sequence construction, input forms, and ML models. 22,582 charging curves are generated from 44 cells with different battery chemistry and operating conditions to validate the performance. Through comprehensive and unbiased comparison, the long short-term memory(LSTM) based neural network exhibits the best accuracy and robustness. Across all 6503 tested samples, the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) for capacity estimation using LSTM is 0.61%, with a maximum error of only 3.94%. Even with the addition of 3 m V voltage noise or the extension of sampling intervals to 60 s, the average MAPE remains below 2%. Furthermore, the charging sequences are provided with physical explanations related to battery degradation to enhance confidence in their application. Recommendations for using other competitive methods are also presented. This work provides valuable insights and guidance for estimating battery capacity based on partial charging curves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022YJS080).
文摘The soil freezing characteristic curve(SFCC)plays a fundamental role in comprehending thermohydraulic behavior and numerical simulation of frozen soil.This study proposes a dynamic model to uniformly express SFCCs amidst varying total water contents throughout the freezing-thawing process.Firstly,a general model is proposed,wherein the unfrozen water content at arbitrary temperature is determined as the lesser of the current total water content and the reference value derived from saturated SFCC.The dynamic performance of this model is verified through test data.Subsequently,in accordance with electric double layer(EDL)theory,the theoretical residual and minimum temperatures in SFCC are calculated to be-14.5℃to-20℃for clay particles and-260℃,respectively.To ensure that the SFCC curve ends at minimum temperature,a correction function is introduced into the general model.Furthermore,a simplified dynamic model is proposed and investigated,necessitating only three parameters inherited from the general model.Additionally,both general and simplified models are evaluated based on a test database and proven to fit the test data exactly across the entire temperature range.Typical recommended parameter values for various types of soils are summarized.Overall,this study provides not only a theoretical basis for most empirical equations but also proposes a new and more general equation to describe the SFCC.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22BTJ035).
文摘The classification of functional data has drawn much attention in recent years.The main challenge is representing infinite-dimensional functional data by finite-dimensional features while utilizing those features to achieve better classification accuracy.In this paper,we propose a mean-variance-based(MV)feature weighting method for classifying functional data or functional curves.In the feature extraction stage,each sample curve is approximated by B-splines to transfer features to the coefficients of the spline basis.After that,a feature weighting approach based on statistical principles is introduced by comprehensively considering the between-class differences and within-class variations of the coefficients.We also introduce a scaling parameter to adjust the gap between the weights of features.The new feature weighting approach can adaptively enhance noteworthy local features while mitigating the impact of confusing features.The algorithms for feature weighted K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers are both provided.Moreover,the new approach can be well integrated into existing functional data classifiers,such as the generalized functional linear model and functional linear discriminant analysis,resulting in a more accurate classification.The performance of the mean-variance-based classifiers is evaluated by simulation studies and real data.The results show that the newfeatureweighting approach significantly improves the classification accuracy for complex functional data.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research and Development Programs of China Railway Group Limited(Grant No.2022 Major Special Project-07)Gansu Provincial Technology Innovation Guidance Program-Special Funding for Capacity Building of Enterprise R&D Institutions(Grant No.23CXJA0011)Key R&D and transformation plan of Qinghai Province,China(Special Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements No.2022-SF-158).
文摘In the actual monitoring of deep hole displacement,the identification of slip surfaces is primarily based on abrupt changes observed in the inclinometric curve.In conventional identification methods,inclinometric curves exhibiting indications of sliding can be categorized into three types:B-type,D-type,and r-type.The position of the slip surface is typically determined by identifying the depth corresponding to the point of maximum displacement mutation.However,this method is sensitive to the interval of measurement points and the observation scale of the coordinate axes and suffers from unclear sliding surfaces and uncertain values.Based on the variation characteristics of these diagonal curves,we classified the landslide into three components:the sliding body,the sliding interval,and the immobile body.Moreover,three different generalization models were established to analyze the relationships between the curve form and the slip surface location based on different physical indicators such as displacement rate,relative displacement,and acceleration.The results show that the displacement rate curves of an r-type slope exhibit a clustering feature in the sliding interval,and by solving for the depth of discrete points within the step phase,it is possible to determine the location of the slip surface.On the other hand,D-type slopes have inflection points in the relative displacement curve located at the slip surface.The acceleration curves of B-type slopes exhibit clustering characteristics during the sliding interval,while the scattered acceleration data demonstrate wandering characteristics.Consequently,the slip surface location can be revealed by solving the depth corresponding to the maximum acceleration with cubic spline interpolation.The approach proposed in this paper was applied to the monitoring data of a landslide in Yunnan Province,China.The results indicate that our approach can accurately identify the slip surface location and enable computability of its position,thereby enhancing applicability and reliability of the deep-hole displacement monitoring data.
文摘Recently,a description on a practicability of the Wöhler Curve Method for low-cycle fatigue of metals was given by the author.By the description and the low cycle fatigue test data of 16 MnR steel,it is important to show that,for low cycle fatigue of metals,such a way that a stress-based intensity parameter calculated by the linear-elastic analysis is taken to be a stress intensity parameter,S,to establish a relationship between the stress intensity parameter,S,and the fatigue life,N,is practicable.In this paper,many metallic materials from the literature are given to show that the Wöhler Curve Method is well suitable for low-cycle fatigue analysis of metals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52088102)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY010820).
文摘This paper presents the design of a novel honeycomb structure with a double curved beam.The purpose of this design is to achieve vibration isolation for the main engine of an offshore platform and reduce impact loads.An analytical formula for the force-displacement relationship of the honeycomb single-cell structure is presented based on the modal superposition method.This formula provides a theoretical basis for predicting the compression performance of honeycomb structures.The effects of structural geometric parameters,series and parallel connection methods on the mechanical and energy absorption properties are investigated through mathematical modeling and experimental methods.Furthermore,the study focuses on the vibration isolation and impact resistance performance of honeycomb panels.The results show that the designed honeycomb structure has good mechanical and energy absorption performance,and its energy absorption effect is related to the geometric parameters and series and parallel connection methods of the structure.The isolation efficiency of the honeycomb with 4 rows and 3 columns reaches 38%.The initial isolation frequency of the isolator is 11.7 Hz.
基金supported by the Major Science and TechnologyTechnol-ogy Projects in Gansu Province(No.22ZD6FA021-5)Industrial Support Project of Gansu Province(Nos.2023CYZC-19 and 2021CYZC-22)+1 种基金Science and Technol-ogy Project of Gansu Province(Nos.23YFFA0074,22JR5RA137,and 22JR5RA151)Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(No.23ZYQA293).
文摘This study proposes a batch rapid quantitative analysis method for multiple elements by combining the advantages of standard curve(SC)and calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS)technology to achieve synchronous,rapid,and accurate measurement of elements in a large number of samples,namely,SC-assisted CF-LIBS.Al alloy standard samples,divided into calibration and test samples,were applied to validate the proposed method.SC was built based on the characteristic line of Pb and Cr in the calibration sample,and the contents of Pb and Cr in the test sample were calculated with relative errors of 6%and 4%,respectively.SC built using Cr with multiple characteristic lines yielded better calculation results.The relative contents of ten elements in the test sample were calculated using CF-LIBS.Subsequently,the SC-assisted CF-LIBS was executed,with the majority of the calculation relative errors falling within the range of 2%-5%.Finally,the Al and Na contents of the Al alloy were predicted.The results demonstrate that it effectively enables the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of multiple elements after a single-element SC analysis of the tested samples.Furthermore,this quantitative analysis method was successfully applied to soil and Astragalus samples,realizing an accurate calculation of the contents of multiple elements.Thus,it is important to advance the LIBS quantitative analysis and its related applications.
基金Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92258303)the Project of Donghai Laboratory(No.DH-2022ZY0005)。
文摘The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical models.Based on the deep seismic tomography using long-period natural earthquake data,in this study,the deep structure and material circulation of the curved subduction system in Southeast Asia was studied,and the dynamic processes since 100 million years ago was reconstructed.It is pointed out that challenges still exist in the precise reconstruction of deep mantle structures of the study area,the influence of multi-stage subduction on deep material exchange and shallow magma activity,as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-plate convergence.Future work should focus on high-resolution land-sea joint 3-D seismic tomography imaging of the curved subduction system in the Southeast Asia,combined with geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling works.
