Aim： To access beta-endorphin levels in serum as well as seminal plasma in different infertile male groups. Methods： Beta-endorphin was estimated in the serum and seminal plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...Aim： To access beta-endorphin levels in serum as well as seminal plasma in different infertile male groups. Methods： Beta-endorphin was estimated in the serum and seminal plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method in 80 infertile men equally divided into four groups： non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA）, obstructive azoospermia （OA）, congenital bilateral absent vas deferens （CBVAD） and asthenozoospermia. The results were compared to those of 20 normozoospermic proven fertile men. Results： There was a decrease in the mean levels of betaendorphin in the seminal plasma of all successive infertile groups （mean ± SD： NOA 51.30 ± 27.37, OA 51.88 ± 9.47, CBAVD 20.36 ± 13.39, asthenozoospermia 49.26 ± 12.49 pg/mL, respectively） compared to the normozoospermic fertile control （87.23 ± 29.55 pg/mL）. This relation was not present in mean serum level of beta-endorphin between four infertile groups （51.09 ± 14.71, 49.76 ± 12.4, 33.96 ± 7.2, 69.1 ± 16.57 pg/mL, respectively） and the fertile control group （49.26 ± 31.32 pg/mL）. The CBVAD group showed the lowest seminal plasma mean level of beta-endorphin. Testicular contribution of seminal beta-endorphin was estimated to be approximately 40%. Seminal beta-endorphin showed significant correlation with the sperm concentration （r = 0.699, P = 0.0188） and nonsignificant correlation with its serum level （r = 0.375, P = 0.185） or with the sperm motility percentage （r = 0.470, P = 0.899）. Conclusion： The estimation of beta-endorphin alone is not conclusive to evaluate male reproduction as there are many other opiates acting at the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis.展开更多
β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous ...β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous system to carbon dioxide so as to inhibit breath. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of content of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia after naloxone treatment in a large dosage. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation. SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People＇s Hospital; Center of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Zhujiang Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 97 neonates with severe asphyxia including 57 boys and 40 girls were selected from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People＇s Hospital from January 2004 to November 2005. Their gestational age was （38±3） weeks, body mass was （3.2±1.7） kg, and hospitalization duration was （2.8±2.3） hours. All neonates met the diagnostic criteria of with severe asphyxia and all their parents provided the confirmed consent. METHODS： All neonates were treated with inspired oxygen, sedation, stopping terror, decreasing cranial pressure, maintaining a well blood perfusion and normal level of blood glucose （about 5.0 retool/L）. After hospitalization, 0.1 mg/（kg·d） naloxone hydrochloride （Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.; certification： HI0900021; bullet preparation; 0.4 mg/ampoule） was intravenously dribbled into neonates for 4 - 6 hours, 14 days in total. 2 mL blood was collected from radial artery in neonates at the beginning of hospitalization and at 3 days after naloxone treatment, put in aprotinin-pre-cool tube, mixed evenly, and centrifuged at hypothermia. Plasma was maintained in refrigerator at - 70 ℃. The kit was provided by Neurobiology Department of Shanghai Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin was measured by using radio-immunity assay.All data were expressed as Mean ± SD and results were compared with paired t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： Concentration of plasma β-endorphin. RESULTS： All 97 neonates were involved in the final analysis. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia was lower after treatment as compared with that before treatment, and there was significant difference （t = 10.31, P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Naloxone can decrease level of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Several studies have confirmed that endothelin and endorphin are involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. However, the correlation of these factors to acute cerebral infarction-related risk facto...BACKGROUND： Several studies have confirmed that endothelin and endorphin are involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. However, the correlation of these factors to acute cerebral infarction-related risk factors needs to be confirmed. OBJECTIVE： To detect endothelin-1 （ET-1） and beta-endorphin （β -EP） levels in plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and to analyze the correlations of these factors to smoking, alcohol abuse, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diseased region, diseased degree, gender, and other factors related to acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： A case-control observation. SETTING： First Department of Neurology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty-nine inpatients with acute cerebral infarction were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University （March 2003-January 2004） and First Department of Neurology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine （March July 2004） and recruited for this study. All 69 inpatients corresponded to the diagnosis criteria of acute cerebral infarction, formulated in the National Working Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease in 1998, and were confirmed as acute cerebral infarction by CT/MRI. The patient group consisted of 35 males [（644- 12） years old] and 34 females[ （674- 13 ） years old]. Among them, 9 patients were smokers, 7 were alcohol users, 48 had a history of hypertension, and 16 had a history of diabetes mellitus. CT/MRI examinations revealed that 35 patients presented with left focus sites, 11 with right ones and 23 with bilateral ones. Following attack, 24 patients had Barthel Index Scale grading 〈 40 points, 21 patients 40-50 points, and 24 patients 〉 60 points. An additional 59 healthy individuals, who received health examinations simultaneously, were included as controls. Among the control subjects, there were 37 males [（62±10） years old] and 22 females [（65±11） years old]. Among them, 7 patients were smokers, and 6 were alcohol users. All controls had no history of stroke, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Informed consents of laboratory measurements were obtained from all subjects, and this study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS： ① Following admission, all subjects were scored by Barthel Index Scale （BIS） and Hamilton Depression Scale. Meanwhile, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gender, smoking, drinking, and other conditions were recorded. CT/MRI examination was conducted to identify the focus site.②On the 2^nd day after admission, ET-1 and β -EP plasma levels were measured with an automatic ET-1 and β -EP analysis kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ET-1 and β -EP plasma levels and their correlation to acute cerebral infarction-related factors. RESULTS： Sixty-nine patients with acute cerebral infarction, and an additional 59 healthy individuals participated in the final analysis. β ET-1 [（63.80±27.65） ng/L vs. （46.50±9.36） ng/L, P 〈 0.05] and β - EP [（94.18±33.94） mg/L vs. （51.87±23.43） mg/L, P 〈 0.05] levels of the patient group were obviously higher than respective values of the control group. ② The ET-1 and β -EP levels of patients with cerebral infarction did not correlate to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, BIS, depression, cerebral infarct focus, disease course, gender, smoking or drinking （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The ET-I and β-EP levels of patients with acute cerebral infarction increased, but they were not obviously associated with disease course, blood pressure, blood glucose, BIS, or other common cerebral infarction-related factors.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To explore the long-term effects and pain relief mechanism of acupotomy by observing changes in nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and beta-en- dorphin （~3-EP） in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral...OBJECTIVE： To explore the long-term effects and pain relief mechanism of acupotomy by observing changes in nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and beta-en- dorphin （~3-EP） in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood of rats with third lumbar ver- tebrae （L3） transverse process syndrome. METHODS： Twenty-eight SD rats were randomly as- signed to normal, model, electroacupuncture （EA）, and acupotomy group. The last three groups were put through an operation to emulate L3 transverse process syndrome. Fourteen days after the simulation operation, EA and acupotomy treatments were applied to the respective groups. Fifty-six days afterthe simulation operation, biochemistry tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure NOS and 13-EP in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood. RESULTS： Rats with the simulation operation showed significantly higher levels of NOS and II3-EP in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood than those in the normal group. The EA and acupotomy groups had significantly lower levels of NOS and β-EP than those in the model group. There was no statistical difference between the EA and acupotomy groups. CONCLUSION： EA and acupotomy treatments significantly lowered NOS and β-EP levels in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood and alleviated L3 transverse process syndrome.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in mig...OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in migraine model rats and mice. METHODS： Both the acute blood stasis model group and nitroglycerin-induced migraine model group included 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. The reser- pine-reduced model group had 60 Kunming mice. Rats from each test were grouped into normal con- trol group, model group, Zhengtian pill （ZTP） group, and high, moderate, or low-dose QLTT groups. In the acute blood stasis model test, after gavage for 7 days, rats were given 0.8 mL/kg adren- aline hydrochloride subcutaneously twice, and kept in ice water for 5 min. After fasting for 12 h, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for detection of blood viscosity. In the nitro- glycerin-induced migraine group, after gavage for 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitro- glycerin （10 mg/kg）, and 4 h later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the plasma CGRP and 13-EP levels. In the reserpine-re- duced model test, except the normal control group, mice were administered reserpine （0.25 mg/ kg, i.h.） for 9 days. Mice received intragastric admin- istration from the third day to the ninth day. One hour after the last gavage, blood and brain tissue samples were obtained. Then, blood clotting time and the contents of neurotransmitters were deter- mined. RESULTS： QLTT- （3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had lower blood viscosity than that in model rats under different shear rates （P〈 0.01）. QLTT- （3.6, 1.8 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had significantly lower plasma CGRP levels and higher plasma 13-EP levels than those in model rats （P〈 0.01）. QLTT treatment at dose of 0.9 g/kg had lower plasma CGRP levels as well （P〈0.05）. QLTT- （5.2, 2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had longer blood clotting time than that in model mice （P〈0.01）. QLTT- （2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had higher plasma serotonin （5-HT） levels than those in model mice （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： QLTT-treated animals had lower plasma CGRP level, higher plasma 13-EP, 5-HT, high- er brain tissue 5-HT, NE, DA levels, and lower blood viscosity than those in the migraine model animals.展开更多
To clarify the contribution of left atrial pressure to the secretion of beta-endorphin, we have investigated the relation between plasma beta endorphin levels and hemodynamic changes in 35 patients with mitral stenosi...To clarify the contribution of left atrial pressure to the secretion of beta-endorphin, we have investigated the relation between plasma beta endorphin levels and hemodynamic changes in 35 patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). Before PTMC, plasma beta-endorphin levels obtained from the antecubital vein (28.91 ± 5.59 pg / ml) and from the femoral vein (28.20 ± 5.44 pg / ml) in the patients with mitral stenosis were significantly higher than those obtained from the antecubital vein in the healthy volunteers (22.59 ± 3.86 pg / ml, n = 34, P< 0.001 for each). The levels of beta-endorphin in the femoral vein correlated well with the mean left atrial pressure (r=0.777, P< 0.001) and the mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.450, P<0.01) before the procedure. The antecubital venous levels of beta-endorphin in patients in New York Heart Association functional Classess Ⅱ (26.45 ± 5.39 pg / ml, n = 20) and Ⅲ (32.20 ± 4.02 pg / ml, n = 15) were significantly higher than those in control subjects (P< 0.005 and P< 0.001, respectively). The differences between Classes Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significant (P < 0.001). The plasma levels of beta-endorphin in the patients complicated with atrial fibrillation were also significantly higher than those in patients with normal sinus rhythm (33.31 ± 3.22 pg / ml, n= 13 vs 26.32± 5.07 pg / ml, n = 22, P< 0.001). In ten to fifteen minutes after commissurotomy, plasma levels of beta-endorphin in the femoral vein significantly increased from 28.20 ± 5.44 to 33.14 ± 5.72 pg / ml (P< 0.001). In seventy-two hours after the procedure, plasma beta-endorphin levels in the antecubital vein fell to 24.37 ± 2.59 pg / ml (P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P<0.05 vs control subjects). Plasma beta-endorphin levels in the patients with atrial fibrillation (26.62 ± 2.36 pg / ml, P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P< 0.002 vs control subjects) were still higher (P< 0.001) than those in patients with normal shins rhythm (23.05 ± 1.65 pg / ml, P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P>50 vs control subjects. There was a significant correlation between the levels of beta-endorphin in the antecubital vein and heart rate (r = 0.502, P< 0.001), mean transmitral pressure gradient (r = 0.543, P< 0.001) or mitral valve area (r = -0.710, P< 0.001) before and 72 hours after the procedure.展开更多
文摘Aim： To access beta-endorphin levels in serum as well as seminal plasma in different infertile male groups. Methods： Beta-endorphin was estimated in the serum and seminal plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method in 80 infertile men equally divided into four groups： non-obstructive azoospermia （NOA）, obstructive azoospermia （OA）, congenital bilateral absent vas deferens （CBVAD） and asthenozoospermia. The results were compared to those of 20 normozoospermic proven fertile men. Results： There was a decrease in the mean levels of betaendorphin in the seminal plasma of all successive infertile groups （mean ± SD： NOA 51.30 ± 27.37, OA 51.88 ± 9.47, CBAVD 20.36 ± 13.39, asthenozoospermia 49.26 ± 12.49 pg/mL, respectively） compared to the normozoospermic fertile control （87.23 ± 29.55 pg/mL）. This relation was not present in mean serum level of beta-endorphin between four infertile groups （51.09 ± 14.71, 49.76 ± 12.4, 33.96 ± 7.2, 69.1 ± 16.57 pg/mL, respectively） and the fertile control group （49.26 ± 31.32 pg/mL）. The CBVAD group showed the lowest seminal plasma mean level of beta-endorphin. Testicular contribution of seminal beta-endorphin was estimated to be approximately 40%. Seminal beta-endorphin showed significant correlation with the sperm concentration （r = 0.699, P = 0.0188） and nonsignificant correlation with its serum level （r = 0.375, P = 0.185） or with the sperm motility percentage （r = 0.470, P = 0.899）. Conclusion： The estimation of beta-endorphin alone is not conclusive to evaluate male reproduction as there are many other opiates acting at the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis.
文摘β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous system to carbon dioxide so as to inhibit breath. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of content of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia after naloxone treatment in a large dosage. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation. SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People＇s Hospital; Center of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Zhujiang Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 97 neonates with severe asphyxia including 57 boys and 40 girls were selected from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People＇s Hospital from January 2004 to November 2005. Their gestational age was （38±3） weeks, body mass was （3.2±1.7） kg, and hospitalization duration was （2.8±2.3） hours. All neonates met the diagnostic criteria of with severe asphyxia and all their parents provided the confirmed consent. METHODS： All neonates were treated with inspired oxygen, sedation, stopping terror, decreasing cranial pressure, maintaining a well blood perfusion and normal level of blood glucose （about 5.0 retool/L）. After hospitalization, 0.1 mg/（kg·d） naloxone hydrochloride （Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.; certification： HI0900021; bullet preparation; 0.4 mg/ampoule） was intravenously dribbled into neonates for 4 - 6 hours, 14 days in total. 2 mL blood was collected from radial artery in neonates at the beginning of hospitalization and at 3 days after naloxone treatment, put in aprotinin-pre-cool tube, mixed evenly, and centrifuged at hypothermia. Plasma was maintained in refrigerator at - 70 ℃. The kit was provided by Neurobiology Department of Shanghai Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin was measured by using radio-immunity assay.All data were expressed as Mean ± SD and results were compared with paired t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE： Concentration of plasma β-endorphin. RESULTS： All 97 neonates were involved in the final analysis. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia was lower after treatment as compared with that before treatment, and there was significant difference （t = 10.31, P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Naloxone can decrease level of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia.
文摘BACKGROUND： Several studies have confirmed that endothelin and endorphin are involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. However, the correlation of these factors to acute cerebral infarction-related risk factors needs to be confirmed. OBJECTIVE： To detect endothelin-1 （ET-1） and beta-endorphin （β -EP） levels in plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and to analyze the correlations of these factors to smoking, alcohol abuse, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diseased region, diseased degree, gender, and other factors related to acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN： A case-control observation. SETTING： First Department of Neurology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty-nine inpatients with acute cerebral infarction were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University （March 2003-January 2004） and First Department of Neurology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine （March July 2004） and recruited for this study. All 69 inpatients corresponded to the diagnosis criteria of acute cerebral infarction, formulated in the National Working Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease in 1998, and were confirmed as acute cerebral infarction by CT/MRI. The patient group consisted of 35 males [（644- 12） years old] and 34 females[ （674- 13 ） years old]. Among them, 9 patients were smokers, 7 were alcohol users, 48 had a history of hypertension, and 16 had a history of diabetes mellitus. CT/MRI examinations revealed that 35 patients presented with left focus sites, 11 with right ones and 23 with bilateral ones. Following attack, 24 patients had Barthel Index Scale grading 〈 40 points, 21 patients 40-50 points, and 24 patients 〉 60 points. An additional 59 healthy individuals, who received health examinations simultaneously, were included as controls. Among the control subjects, there were 37 males [（62±10） years old] and 22 females [（65±11） years old]. Among them, 7 patients were smokers, and 6 were alcohol users. All controls had no history of stroke, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Informed consents of laboratory measurements were obtained from all subjects, and this study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS： ① Following admission, all subjects were scored by Barthel Index Scale （BIS） and Hamilton Depression Scale. Meanwhile, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gender, smoking, drinking, and other conditions were recorded. CT/MRI examination was conducted to identify the focus site.②On the 2^nd day after admission, ET-1 and β -EP plasma levels were measured with an automatic ET-1 and β -EP analysis kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ET-1 and β -EP plasma levels and their correlation to acute cerebral infarction-related factors. RESULTS： Sixty-nine patients with acute cerebral infarction, and an additional 59 healthy individuals participated in the final analysis. β ET-1 [（63.80±27.65） ng/L vs. （46.50±9.36） ng/L, P 〈 0.05] and β - EP [（94.18±33.94） mg/L vs. （51.87±23.43） mg/L, P 〈 0.05] levels of the patient group were obviously higher than respective values of the control group. ② The ET-1 and β -EP levels of patients with cerebral infarction did not correlate to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, BIS, depression, cerebral infarct focus, disease course, gender, smoking or drinking （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The ET-I and β-EP levels of patients with acute cerebral infarction increased, but they were not obviously associated with disease course, blood pressure, blood glucose, BIS, or other common cerebral infarction-related factors.
基金Supported by a Grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(No.2006CB504508)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To explore the long-term effects and pain relief mechanism of acupotomy by observing changes in nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and beta-en- dorphin （~3-EP） in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood of rats with third lumbar ver- tebrae （L3） transverse process syndrome. METHODS： Twenty-eight SD rats were randomly as- signed to normal, model, electroacupuncture （EA）, and acupotomy group. The last three groups were put through an operation to emulate L3 transverse process syndrome. Fourteen days after the simulation operation, EA and acupotomy treatments were applied to the respective groups. Fifty-six days afterthe simulation operation, biochemistry tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure NOS and 13-EP in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood. RESULTS： Rats with the simulation operation showed significantly higher levels of NOS and II3-EP in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood than those in the normal group. The EA and acupotomy groups had significantly lower levels of NOS and β-EP than those in the model group. There was no statistical difference between the EA and acupotomy groups. CONCLUSION： EA and acupotomy treatments significantly lowered NOS and β-EP levels in the hypothalamus, spinal cord, and peripheral blood and alleviated L3 transverse process syndrome.
基金Supported by National Science-technology Support Plan Projects (No.2013BAH14F03)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in migraine model rats and mice. METHODS： Both the acute blood stasis model group and nitroglycerin-induced migraine model group included 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. The reser- pine-reduced model group had 60 Kunming mice. Rats from each test were grouped into normal con- trol group, model group, Zhengtian pill （ZTP） group, and high, moderate, or low-dose QLTT groups. In the acute blood stasis model test, after gavage for 7 days, rats were given 0.8 mL/kg adren- aline hydrochloride subcutaneously twice, and kept in ice water for 5 min. After fasting for 12 h, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for detection of blood viscosity. In the nitro- glycerin-induced migraine group, after gavage for 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitro- glycerin （10 mg/kg）, and 4 h later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the plasma CGRP and 13-EP levels. In the reserpine-re- duced model test, except the normal control group, mice were administered reserpine （0.25 mg/ kg, i.h.） for 9 days. Mice received intragastric admin- istration from the third day to the ninth day. One hour after the last gavage, blood and brain tissue samples were obtained. Then, blood clotting time and the contents of neurotransmitters were deter- mined. RESULTS： QLTT- （3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had lower blood viscosity than that in model rats under different shear rates （P〈 0.01）. QLTT- （3.6, 1.8 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had significantly lower plasma CGRP levels and higher plasma 13-EP levels than those in model rats （P〈 0.01）. QLTT treatment at dose of 0.9 g/kg had lower plasma CGRP levels as well （P〈0.05）. QLTT- （5.2, 2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had longer blood clotting time than that in model mice （P〈0.01）. QLTT- （2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had higher plasma serotonin （5-HT） levels than those in model mice （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： QLTT-treated animals had lower plasma CGRP level, higher plasma 13-EP, 5-HT, high- er brain tissue 5-HT, NE, DA levels, and lower blood viscosity than those in the migraine model animals.
文摘To clarify the contribution of left atrial pressure to the secretion of beta-endorphin, we have investigated the relation between plasma beta endorphin levels and hemodynamic changes in 35 patients with mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). Before PTMC, plasma beta-endorphin levels obtained from the antecubital vein (28.91 ± 5.59 pg / ml) and from the femoral vein (28.20 ± 5.44 pg / ml) in the patients with mitral stenosis were significantly higher than those obtained from the antecubital vein in the healthy volunteers (22.59 ± 3.86 pg / ml, n = 34, P< 0.001 for each). The levels of beta-endorphin in the femoral vein correlated well with the mean left atrial pressure (r=0.777, P< 0.001) and the mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.450, P<0.01) before the procedure. The antecubital venous levels of beta-endorphin in patients in New York Heart Association functional Classess Ⅱ (26.45 ± 5.39 pg / ml, n = 20) and Ⅲ (32.20 ± 4.02 pg / ml, n = 15) were significantly higher than those in control subjects (P< 0.005 and P< 0.001, respectively). The differences between Classes Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significant (P < 0.001). The plasma levels of beta-endorphin in the patients complicated with atrial fibrillation were also significantly higher than those in patients with normal sinus rhythm (33.31 ± 3.22 pg / ml, n= 13 vs 26.32± 5.07 pg / ml, n = 22, P< 0.001). In ten to fifteen minutes after commissurotomy, plasma levels of beta-endorphin in the femoral vein significantly increased from 28.20 ± 5.44 to 33.14 ± 5.72 pg / ml (P< 0.001). In seventy-two hours after the procedure, plasma beta-endorphin levels in the antecubital vein fell to 24.37 ± 2.59 pg / ml (P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P<0.05 vs control subjects). Plasma beta-endorphin levels in the patients with atrial fibrillation (26.62 ± 2.36 pg / ml, P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P< 0.002 vs control subjects) were still higher (P< 0.001) than those in patients with normal shins rhythm (23.05 ± 1.65 pg / ml, P< 0.001 vs before PTMC and P>50 vs control subjects. There was a significant correlation between the levels of beta-endorphin in the antecubital vein and heart rate (r = 0.502, P< 0.001), mean transmitral pressure gradient (r = 0.543, P< 0.001) or mitral valve area (r = -0.710, P< 0.001) before and 72 hours after the procedure.
