Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect no...Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future.展开更多
Gingko biloba accumulates high levels of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value.Ginkgo calli develop a typical browning that reduces its regenerative capacity and thus its usefulness.To elucidate the browning m...Gingko biloba accumulates high levels of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value.Ginkgo calli develop a typical browning that reduces its regenerative capacity and thus its usefulness.To elucidate the browning mechanism,histological,transcriptomic,and metabolic alterations were compared between green and browning calli derived from immature ginkgo embryos.Histological observations revealed that browning calli had a more loosely arranged cell structure and accumulated more tannins than in green calli.Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analyses showed that phenylpropanoid metabolism was specifi-cally activated in the browning calli,and 428 diff erentially expressed genes and 63 diff erentially abundant metabolites,including 12 fl avonoid compounds,were identifi ed in the browning calli compared to the green calli.Moreover,the expression of fl avonol synthase(FLS)and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase(UGT)genes involved in the fl avonoid pathway was more than tenfold higher in browning calli than in green calli,thus promoting biosynthesis of fl avonol,which serves as a substrate to form glycosylated fl avonoids.Flavonoid glycosides constituted the major coloring component of the browning calli and may act in response to multiple stress conditions to delay cell death caused by browning.Our results revealed the cellular and biochemical changes in browning callus cells that accompanied changes in expression of browning-related genes,providing a scientifi c basis for improving ginkgo tissue culturability.展开更多
Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing,resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality.In this study,a popular potato cultivar,Feiwuruita,...Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing,resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality.In this study,a popular potato cultivar,Feiwuruita,was used to profile the metabolites involved in color and nutritional quality changes in fresh shreds stored at 0 and 4 h at 25°C(designated CK and CK4H,respectively).The shreds turned brown within 4 h of storage.In all,723 metabolites consisting 12 classes of compounds were detected in the samples,largely lipids,phenolic acids,alkaloids,amino acids and derivatives,flavonoids,organic acids,nucleotides and derivatives.Of these,163 metabolites accumulated differentially between CK and CK4H shreds.Polyphenolic compounds(phenolic acids and flavonoids)mostly increased in the shreds after 4 h storage.Conversely,the short-term storage drastically reduced lipid compounds(25 LysoPC and 19 LysoPE),while essential alkaloids and terpenoid compounds that are beneficial to human health increased in accumulation.The findings present global metabolome and nutritional composition changes in short-term stored shreds of Feiwuruita.This study provides important foundation for future studies on browning prevention/reduction and for better utilization of Feiwuruita.展开更多
Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes is mainly due to excessive free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance.Increasing thermogenesis is regarded as an effective strategy for hypolipidemia and hypoglycemia.Ginsenoside is...Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes is mainly due to excessive free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance.Increasing thermogenesis is regarded as an effective strategy for hypolipidemia and hypoglycemia.Ginsenoside is a natural active component in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,and some of them enhance thermogenesis.However,there are few studies on the mechanism and target of ginsenosides enhancing thermogenesis.Using thermogenic protein uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)-luciferase reporter assay,we identifi ed ginsenoside F1 as a novel UCP1 activator in the ginsenosides library.Using pull down assay and inhibitor interference,we found F1 binds toβ3-adrenergic receptors(β3-AR)to enhance UCP1 expression via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.We also investigated the ability of F1 on energy metabolism in obesity-induced diabetic mice,including body weight,body composition and energy expenditure.The results of proteomics showed that F1 signifi cantly up-regulated thermogenesis proteins and lipolytic proteins,but down-regulated fatty acid synthesis proteins.Ginsenoside F1 increased thermogenesis and ameliorated insulin resistance specifi cally by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice.Additionally,ginsenoside F1 improves norepinephrine-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes and hepatocytes,and shows a stronger mitochondria respiration ability than norepinephrine.These fi ndings suggest that ginsenoside F1 is a promising lead compound in the improvement of insulin resistance.展开更多
Internal browning(IB),a major physiological disorder of pineapples,usually happens in postharvest processes,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The bHLH transcription factors are involved in regulating variou...Internal browning(IB),a major physiological disorder of pineapples,usually happens in postharvest processes,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The bHLH transcription factors are involved in regulating various biological processes,but whether they could regulate tissue browning in fruit during storage remains unknown.Here we showed that the phenolic biosynthesis pathway was activated in pineapples showing IB following 9 days of storage.AcbHLH144 expression was the highest of the 180 transcription factors identified,downregulated in pineapple with IB,and negatively correlated with the major phenolic biosynthetic genes.AcbHLH144 was shown to be localized in the nucleus and its transient overexpression in pineapples and overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased phenolic biosynthesis.The yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that AcbHLH144 directly bound to the Ac4CL5 promoter and the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that it inactivated Ac4CL5 transcription.These results strongly suggest AcbHLH144 as a repressor for phenolic biosynthesis.Abscisic acid(ABA)alleviated IB,reduced phenolic accumulation,and downregulated phenolic biosynthetic genes,including Ac4CL5.Transcriptomic analysis showed that AcbHLH144 was the most upregulated of all 39 bHLHs in response to ABA.ABA enhanced AcbHLH144 expression,reduced phenolic contents,and downregulated phenolic biosynthetic genes in pineapples transiently overexpressing AcbHLH144.Moreover,ABA enhanced enzyme activity of GUS driven by the AcbHLH144 promoter.These results showed that AcbHLH144 as a repressor for phenolic biosynthesis could be activated by ABA.Collectively,the work demonstrated that AcbHLH144 negatively regulated phenolic biosynthesis via inactivating Ac4CL5 transcription to modulate pineapple IB.The findings provide novel insight into the role of AcbHLH144 in modulating pineapple IB during postharvest processes.展开更多
This paper explored the three dramatic features intrinsic in Robert Browning's poems of dramatic monologue, namely, the employment of first-person point of view, the use of irony, and the intricate psychological e...This paper explored the three dramatic features intrinsic in Robert Browning's poems of dramatic monologue, namely, the employment of first-person point of view, the use of irony, and the intricate psychological exploration and vivid characterization. Such features are crucial in the successful presentation of various human nature and experience with profundity, making his poems an enduring classic in the English literature.展开更多
Huangguan pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan) is a pear cultivar that rapidly developed in China. However, rapid postharvest browning appearing in fruit peel and core during storage and shelf life pose a ch...Huangguan pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan) is a pear cultivar that rapidly developed in China. However, rapid postharvest browning appearing in fruit peel and core during storage and shelf life pose a challenge for their marketing. The potential for low temperature conditioning (LTC) treatment to inhibit peel browning and improve quality of Huangguan pears in storage and shelf life was investigated. Pears were treated at 8℃ - 9℃ for 1, 3, 6 and 9 d, respectively, physiological indexes, including peel and core browning, core breakdown, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ethanol content were determined and quality in storage period and shelf life was evaluated in this paper. LTC treatment alleviated peel browning and core browning either in storage or shelf life remarkably;it also delayed the decline of firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity in storage to some extent, inhibited ethanol and MDA content both in storage and shelf life effectively and maintained juiciness and crispness of pear fruit in shelf life. These results showed that LTC can serve as an important tool for the regulation of Huangguan pears external and internal quality in storage and shelf life with economic benefits and LTC treatment for 6 d was the optimum condition in the present study.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract(GSE)on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning(PMB)in ground meat patties(85% beef and 15% pork back fat)packaged under high-oxygen modified atmosph...This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract(GSE)on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning(PMB)in ground meat patties(85% beef and 15% pork back fat)packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres(HiOx-MAP).The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0,0.10,0.25,0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1).This study evaluated the surface color,pH,lipid oxidation,and total viable counts(TVC)of raw patties,and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a temperature of 66 or 71℃ over 10-day storage at 4℃.Compared with the control(0 g kg^(-1) GSE),GSE improved the color stability(P<0.05)and significantly inhibited the lipid and myoglobin oxidation of raw patties from day 5 to 10,but GSE had no effect(P>0.05)on TVC.Patties containing 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE cooked to 66℃ exhibited greater(P<0.05)interior redness than the control and reduced the PMB of cooked patties in the late storage stage.These results suggested that 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE can improve fresh meat color and minimize PMB of HiOx-MAP patties.展开更多
Obesity and metabolic disorders are major health concerns worldwide.Although a range of therapies have been developed,these pharmaceutical treatments often have adverse side effects or limited efficacy.Therefore,there...Obesity and metabolic disorders are major health concerns worldwide.Although a range of therapies have been developed,these pharmaceutical treatments often have adverse side effects or limited efficacy.Therefore,there is a growing need of novel therapeutics to prevent or treat obesity.Obesity is thought to be caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy consumption.Increasing energy consumption展开更多
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a legume forage abundant in phenolic compounds. It tends to brown when cut for hay, due to oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and subsequent bi...Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a legume forage abundant in phenolic compounds. It tends to brown when cut for hay, due to oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and subsequent binding to proteins. Selecting for a greener hay may provide information about the relationship of browning, PPO, and phenolics to each other. The red clover Kenland cultivar was selected over eight breeding cycles for decreased browning after being cut and dried 48 h in the field. Expression of PPO1 and PPO3, in Kenland and three of the eight cycles, was compared by real-time quantitative PCR. Phenolic compounds in Kenland and Cycle 8, collected 0, 24, and 48 h after cutting, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Visual browning scores decreased 12% between Kenland and Cycle 8 (P = 0.02). PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression were not affected by selection. Clovamide decreased 26% in Cycle 8 relative to Kenland (P = 0.016). Sissotrin decreased 10% in Cycle 8 (P = 0.043). Neither total formononetin nor total biochanin A was affected by selection (P = 0.63 and 0.45, respectively). These results suggest that when selecting clover for decreased postharvest browning, a decrease occurs in a phenolic compound that can bind protein independently of PPO. However, PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression, and the major red clover isoflavones, are minimally affected.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of ginsenoside rg3 on the body weight of C57BL/6J obese mice and to investigate its underlying weight loss mechanisms with a focus on white fat browning-related factors.Methods:Eight...Objective:To determine the effects of ginsenoside rg3 on the body weight of C57BL/6J obese mice and to investigate its underlying weight loss mechanisms with a focus on white fat browning-related factors.Methods:Eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 successive weeks to construct the obese model.C57BL/6J male mice were fed a standard chow diet to construct normal control group.After 8 weeks of intervention with ginsenoside rg3,the food intake,body weight,body fat mass,blood sugar,and lipid profiles of the mice in each group were detected.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the histological morphology of the adipose tissues.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting(WB)were applied to detect the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gama(PPARg),Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha(PGC-1a),PR domain containing 16(PRDM16),and uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1).Results:Compared to normal control group mice,the body weight,food intake,body fat composition,and blood lipid levels of model group mice increased significantly.After 8 weeks of intervention with ginsenoside rg3,body weight,body fat composition,food intake,and blood lipid profiles decreased.HE staining showed that ginsenoside rg3 can improve white adipocyte hypertrophy to a certain extent.RTPCR and WB demonstrated that ginsenoside rg3 can increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARg,PGC-1a,PRDM16,and UCP-1 in the adipose tissues of obese mice.Conclusion:The weight reduction effect of ginsenoside rg3 may be related to the promotion of white fat browning.展开更多
This study was conducted to test the concept of fresh cut banana slices with the effects of chemical treatments on the surface appearance and selected quality indexes of banana samples right after cutting and during 2...This study was conducted to test the concept of fresh cut banana slices with the effects of chemical treatments on the surface appearance and selected quality indexes of banana samples right after cutting and during 2-week of storage at refrigeration conditions(0-4°C).Banana slices were treated with an ascorbic acid,sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,and sodium carbonate,water(room temperature),and hot water(65°C).Quality attributes,e.g.color,PPO(polyphenol oxidase)activities,surface appearance of the cut bananas were compared.Banana slices immersed in sodium chloride,calcium chloride,citric acid and sodium ascorbate showed visual traces of browning during storage at 4°C.After 14 days of storage,only ascorbic acid treated banana samples showed moderate browning,while all other treatments were severely affected.Browning was more severe for the samples immersed in water for all storage times.The browning measurement(a value)became increasingly positive from first to fourteenth day storage.It was observed that the inactivation of PPO enzyme was achieved for the ascorbic acid treated sample most.Rather than ascorbic acid treatment,cut banana samples showed less PPO enzyme activity for sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,hot water,and water(room temperature)treatments,subsequently.There were no significant changes observed on the different chemical treatments(sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,and sodium carbonate)except ascorbic acid.In overall,ascorbic acid was found to be the most efficient treatment on the inactivation of PPO enzyme activity among all the treatments.Beside the inactivation of the enzyme,ascorbic acid showed a better success to prevent color degradation of bananas.This study showed that ascorbic acid treatment is an effective chemical agent on the inactivation of browning enzymes.展开更多
There are three types of fat tissue in mammals:white fat tissue(WAT),classic brown fat tissue(cBAT),and inducible brown fat tissue(iBAT)or beige fat tissue.The brown fat tissue in the human body is more similar to the...There are three types of fat tissue in mammals:white fat tissue(WAT),classic brown fat tissue(cBAT),and inducible brown fat tissue(iBAT)or beige fat tissue.The brown fat tissue in the human body is more similar to the induced brown fat tissue in mice.The main function of WAT is to store energy in the form of triacylglycerols and to regulate endocrine function.The main function of cBAT and iBAT is to generate heat and maintain the energy balance of the body.A cold environment and exercise can stimulate the browning of white fat tissue.The browning of white fat tissue is a complex process involving many factors,with PRDM16,PPARγand PGC-1αbeing the core transcription factors related to the process.Previous studies showed that white adipose browning is beneficial for the treatment of obesity,diabetes,fatty liver and other diseases.On the other hand,it can promote the progression of malignant tumors.Under normal conditions,the different types of fat tissue maintain a dynamic balance in the human body.Therefore,obtaining a better understanding of this balance and determining how to intervene at the early stages of metabolic imbalance are necessary.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of microRNA-32 on cold-induced thermogenesis and brown adipocyte energy metabolism.METHODS To apply the cold-induced thermogenesis model in mice,8-10 week old male C57Bl6 mice were ...OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of microRNA-32 on cold-induced thermogenesis and brown adipocyte energy metabolism.METHODS To apply the cold-induced thermogenesis model in mice,8-10 week old male C57Bl6 mice were placed within a 6℃fridge for 7d.Control microRNA inhibitor or miR-32 inhibitor(10mg·kg-1)was administered via intraperitoneal injection 16 hbefore the mice were placed in the fridge.Daily core body temperatures were taken using a rectal temperature probe.Mice were euthanized after 7dand brown adipose tissue(BAT),inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue(WAT),skeletal muscle and liver tissue analysed for changes in morphology and gene expression.RESULTS miR-32 inhibition in vivoinhibits the emergence of beige cells,which function like BAT cells,within WAT.In silico prediction and gene ontology analysis identified Tob1 as a likely target gene of miR-32.miR-32 inhibition led to increased expression of Tob1 whilst mutation of target sequence abolished this effect.Expression of brown adipose markers such as Ucp1,Pgc1α,Pparαand Prdm16 were significantly reduced in inguinal white adipose tissue(P<0.05).There was also a significant decrease in serumfgf21 levels due to the inhibition of Fgf21 expression in BAT(P<0.05).p38/MAPK signalling in brown adipose tissue was also significantly inhibited within brown adipose tissue leading to decreased fgf21 expression and secretion.CONCLUSION Our study shows that miR-32 plays a crucial role in stimulating beige cell emergence by activating p38/MAPK signalling during cold thermogenesis.miR-32 may prove effective as a treatment for obesity by activating cold-induced thermogenesis leading to increased energy metabolism.展开更多
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, ...Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF’s anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.展开更多
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of ade...Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of adenosine, increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and glucose tolerance, decreases WAT mass and adipocyte size, and enhances cold tolerance in normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Cpn markedly increases the surface temperature around the inguinal WAT and turns the inguinal fat browner. Further investigations show that Cpn induces the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal and, to a less degree, epididymal WAT depots. Cpn also increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) and other thermogenic genes in WAT and3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, in which AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays an important role. Our results provide novel insights into the function of Cpn in regulating energy balance, and suggest a potential utility of Cpn in the treatment of obesity.展开更多
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue(WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwid...Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue(WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke,heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige(brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue(BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products(alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes(T2 DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.展开更多
Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on perica...Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on pericarp browning and quality of litchi fruit stored at low temperature.Litchi fruit were stored in a non-humidified cold chamber(control)or in a humidified cold room using Tabor atomizer system that generated 95%relative humidity(RH)without depositing water on the fruit surface at 4℃.Control fruit stored in cold room without added humidity underwent rapid weight loss,accompanied by severe pericarp browning after 25 d of storage.However,slight weight loss and no obvious pericarp browning were found in humidified-fruit.Moreover,humidification maintained well the integrity of cell membrane and inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity during early storage.In addition,respiration rate was obviously inhibited in humidified-fruit compared with control fruit.This study might provide a convenient approach to reduce pericarp browning of harvested litchi fruit by humidifying the fruit using the Tabor atomizer at low temperature instead of packaging with film.展开更多
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Grant No.CARS-27)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2452020033)Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple。
文摘Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210611)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642261)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(2018K197C)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan Project(BE2021367)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971689).
文摘Gingko biloba accumulates high levels of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value.Ginkgo calli develop a typical browning that reduces its regenerative capacity and thus its usefulness.To elucidate the browning mechanism,histological,transcriptomic,and metabolic alterations were compared between green and browning calli derived from immature ginkgo embryos.Histological observations revealed that browning calli had a more loosely arranged cell structure and accumulated more tannins than in green calli.Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analyses showed that phenylpropanoid metabolism was specifi-cally activated in the browning calli,and 428 diff erentially expressed genes and 63 diff erentially abundant metabolites,including 12 fl avonoid compounds,were identifi ed in the browning calli compared to the green calli.Moreover,the expression of fl avonol synthase(FLS)and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase(UGT)genes involved in the fl avonoid pathway was more than tenfold higher in browning calli than in green calli,thus promoting biosynthesis of fl avonol,which serves as a substrate to form glycosylated fl avonoids.Flavonoid glycosides constituted the major coloring component of the browning calli and may act in response to multiple stress conditions to delay cell death caused by browning.Our results revealed the cellular and biochemical changes in browning callus cells that accompanied changes in expression of browning-related genes,providing a scientifi c basis for improving ginkgo tissue culturability.
基金research was funded by Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen,China(3502Z20211004)Xiamen Science and Technology Assistance Project(3502Z20194509,3502Z20204504-2,3502Z20204501-3).
文摘Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing,resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality.In this study,a popular potato cultivar,Feiwuruita,was used to profile the metabolites involved in color and nutritional quality changes in fresh shreds stored at 0 and 4 h at 25°C(designated CK and CK4H,respectively).The shreds turned brown within 4 h of storage.In all,723 metabolites consisting 12 classes of compounds were detected in the samples,largely lipids,phenolic acids,alkaloids,amino acids and derivatives,flavonoids,organic acids,nucleotides and derivatives.Of these,163 metabolites accumulated differentially between CK and CK4H shreds.Polyphenolic compounds(phenolic acids and flavonoids)mostly increased in the shreds after 4 h storage.Conversely,the short-term storage drastically reduced lipid compounds(25 LysoPC and 19 LysoPE),while essential alkaloids and terpenoid compounds that are beneficial to human health increased in accumulation.The findings present global metabolome and nutritional composition changes in short-term stored shreds of Feiwuruita.This study provides important foundation for future studies on browning prevention/reduction and for better utilization of Feiwuruita.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31872674]the Jilin Talent Development Foundation Grant[20200301018RQ]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[CGZH202206].
文摘Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes is mainly due to excessive free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance.Increasing thermogenesis is regarded as an effective strategy for hypolipidemia and hypoglycemia.Ginsenoside is a natural active component in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,and some of them enhance thermogenesis.However,there are few studies on the mechanism and target of ginsenosides enhancing thermogenesis.Using thermogenic protein uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)-luciferase reporter assay,we identifi ed ginsenoside F1 as a novel UCP1 activator in the ginsenosides library.Using pull down assay and inhibitor interference,we found F1 binds toβ3-adrenergic receptors(β3-AR)to enhance UCP1 expression via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.We also investigated the ability of F1 on energy metabolism in obesity-induced diabetic mice,including body weight,body composition and energy expenditure.The results of proteomics showed that F1 signifi cantly up-regulated thermogenesis proteins and lipolytic proteins,but down-regulated fatty acid synthesis proteins.Ginsenoside F1 increased thermogenesis and ameliorated insulin resistance specifi cally by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice.Additionally,ginsenoside F1 improves norepinephrine-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes and hepatocytes,and shows a stronger mitochondria respiration ability than norepinephrine.These fi ndings suggest that ginsenoside F1 is a promising lead compound in the improvement of insulin resistance.
基金This research was supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project(2016A020210077)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFD1000600)。
文摘Internal browning(IB),a major physiological disorder of pineapples,usually happens in postharvest processes,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The bHLH transcription factors are involved in regulating various biological processes,but whether they could regulate tissue browning in fruit during storage remains unknown.Here we showed that the phenolic biosynthesis pathway was activated in pineapples showing IB following 9 days of storage.AcbHLH144 expression was the highest of the 180 transcription factors identified,downregulated in pineapple with IB,and negatively correlated with the major phenolic biosynthetic genes.AcbHLH144 was shown to be localized in the nucleus and its transient overexpression in pineapples and overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased phenolic biosynthesis.The yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that AcbHLH144 directly bound to the Ac4CL5 promoter and the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that it inactivated Ac4CL5 transcription.These results strongly suggest AcbHLH144 as a repressor for phenolic biosynthesis.Abscisic acid(ABA)alleviated IB,reduced phenolic accumulation,and downregulated phenolic biosynthetic genes,including Ac4CL5.Transcriptomic analysis showed that AcbHLH144 was the most upregulated of all 39 bHLHs in response to ABA.ABA enhanced AcbHLH144 expression,reduced phenolic contents,and downregulated phenolic biosynthetic genes in pineapples transiently overexpressing AcbHLH144.Moreover,ABA enhanced enzyme activity of GUS driven by the AcbHLH144 promoter.These results showed that AcbHLH144 as a repressor for phenolic biosynthesis could be activated by ABA.Collectively,the work demonstrated that AcbHLH144 negatively regulated phenolic biosynthesis via inactivating Ac4CL5 transcription to modulate pineapple IB.The findings provide novel insight into the role of AcbHLH144 in modulating pineapple IB during postharvest processes.
文摘This paper explored the three dramatic features intrinsic in Robert Browning's poems of dramatic monologue, namely, the employment of first-person point of view, the use of irony, and the intricate psychological exploration and vivid characterization. Such features are crucial in the successful presentation of various human nature and experience with profundity, making his poems an enduring classic in the English literature.
文摘Huangguan pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan) is a pear cultivar that rapidly developed in China. However, rapid postharvest browning appearing in fruit peel and core during storage and shelf life pose a challenge for their marketing. The potential for low temperature conditioning (LTC) treatment to inhibit peel browning and improve quality of Huangguan pears in storage and shelf life was investigated. Pears were treated at 8℃ - 9℃ for 1, 3, 6 and 9 d, respectively, physiological indexes, including peel and core browning, core breakdown, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ethanol content were determined and quality in storage period and shelf life was evaluated in this paper. LTC treatment alleviated peel browning and core browning either in storage or shelf life remarkably;it also delayed the decline of firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity in storage to some extent, inhibited ethanol and MDA content both in storage and shelf life effectively and maintained juiciness and crispness of pear fruit in shelf life. These results showed that LTC can serve as an important tool for the regulation of Huangguan pears external and internal quality in storage and shelf life with economic benefits and LTC treatment for 6 d was the optimum condition in the present study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871731)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(2019GNC106050)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-37)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Binzhou City,China(2019ZDYF010)。
文摘This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract(GSE)on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning(PMB)in ground meat patties(85% beef and 15% pork back fat)packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres(HiOx-MAP).The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0,0.10,0.25,0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1).This study evaluated the surface color,pH,lipid oxidation,and total viable counts(TVC)of raw patties,and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a temperature of 66 or 71℃ over 10-day storage at 4℃.Compared with the control(0 g kg^(-1) GSE),GSE improved the color stability(P<0.05)and significantly inhibited the lipid and myoglobin oxidation of raw patties from day 5 to 10,but GSE had no effect(P>0.05)on TVC.Patties containing 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE cooked to 66℃ exhibited greater(P<0.05)interior redness than the control and reduced the PMB of cooked patties in the late storage stage.These results suggested that 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE can improve fresh meat color and minimize PMB of HiOx-MAP patties.
基金supported by grants from National Institutes of Health(HL119053 and HL123302)
文摘Obesity and metabolic disorders are major health concerns worldwide.Although a range of therapies have been developed,these pharmaceutical treatments often have adverse side effects or limited efficacy.Therefore,there is a growing need of novel therapeutics to prevent or treat obesity.Obesity is thought to be caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy consumption.Increasing energy consumption
文摘Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a legume forage abundant in phenolic compounds. It tends to brown when cut for hay, due to oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and subsequent binding to proteins. Selecting for a greener hay may provide information about the relationship of browning, PPO, and phenolics to each other. The red clover Kenland cultivar was selected over eight breeding cycles for decreased browning after being cut and dried 48 h in the field. Expression of PPO1 and PPO3, in Kenland and three of the eight cycles, was compared by real-time quantitative PCR. Phenolic compounds in Kenland and Cycle 8, collected 0, 24, and 48 h after cutting, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Visual browning scores decreased 12% between Kenland and Cycle 8 (P = 0.02). PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression were not affected by selection. Clovamide decreased 26% in Cycle 8 relative to Kenland (P = 0.016). Sissotrin decreased 10% in Cycle 8 (P = 0.043). Neither total formononetin nor total biochanin A was affected by selection (P = 0.63 and 0.45, respectively). These results suggest that when selecting clover for decreased postharvest browning, a decrease occurs in a phenolic compound that can bind protein independently of PPO. However, PPO1 and PPO3 gene expression, and the major red clover isoflavones, are minimally affected.
基金This study received support from the Key Research Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2020-JYB-ZDGG-029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81274041 and 81503540)+1 种基金the Key Drug Development Programme of the Ministry of Science and Technology(20122X09103201-005)the International Cooperation Projects of the Ministry of Education(2011DFA30920).
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of ginsenoside rg3 on the body weight of C57BL/6J obese mice and to investigate its underlying weight loss mechanisms with a focus on white fat browning-related factors.Methods:Eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 successive weeks to construct the obese model.C57BL/6J male mice were fed a standard chow diet to construct normal control group.After 8 weeks of intervention with ginsenoside rg3,the food intake,body weight,body fat mass,blood sugar,and lipid profiles of the mice in each group were detected.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the histological morphology of the adipose tissues.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting(WB)were applied to detect the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gama(PPARg),Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha(PGC-1a),PR domain containing 16(PRDM16),and uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1).Results:Compared to normal control group mice,the body weight,food intake,body fat composition,and blood lipid levels of model group mice increased significantly.After 8 weeks of intervention with ginsenoside rg3,body weight,body fat composition,food intake,and blood lipid profiles decreased.HE staining showed that ginsenoside rg3 can improve white adipocyte hypertrophy to a certain extent.RTPCR and WB demonstrated that ginsenoside rg3 can increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARg,PGC-1a,PRDM16,and UCP-1 in the adipose tissues of obese mice.Conclusion:The weight reduction effect of ginsenoside rg3 may be related to the promotion of white fat browning.
文摘This study was conducted to test the concept of fresh cut banana slices with the effects of chemical treatments on the surface appearance and selected quality indexes of banana samples right after cutting and during 2-week of storage at refrigeration conditions(0-4°C).Banana slices were treated with an ascorbic acid,sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,and sodium carbonate,water(room temperature),and hot water(65°C).Quality attributes,e.g.color,PPO(polyphenol oxidase)activities,surface appearance of the cut bananas were compared.Banana slices immersed in sodium chloride,calcium chloride,citric acid and sodium ascorbate showed visual traces of browning during storage at 4°C.After 14 days of storage,only ascorbic acid treated banana samples showed moderate browning,while all other treatments were severely affected.Browning was more severe for the samples immersed in water for all storage times.The browning measurement(a value)became increasingly positive from first to fourteenth day storage.It was observed that the inactivation of PPO enzyme was achieved for the ascorbic acid treated sample most.Rather than ascorbic acid treatment,cut banana samples showed less PPO enzyme activity for sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,hot water,and water(room temperature)treatments,subsequently.There were no significant changes observed on the different chemical treatments(sodium chloride,citric acid,calcium chloride,and sodium carbonate)except ascorbic acid.In overall,ascorbic acid was found to be the most efficient treatment on the inactivation of PPO enzyme activity among all the treatments.Beside the inactivation of the enzyme,ascorbic acid showed a better success to prevent color degradation of bananas.This study showed that ascorbic acid treatment is an effective chemical agent on the inactivation of browning enzymes.
基金the Zhejiang Provincial Nature Science Foundation of China,Y19C200025.
文摘There are three types of fat tissue in mammals:white fat tissue(WAT),classic brown fat tissue(cBAT),and inducible brown fat tissue(iBAT)or beige fat tissue.The brown fat tissue in the human body is more similar to the induced brown fat tissue in mice.The main function of WAT is to store energy in the form of triacylglycerols and to regulate endocrine function.The main function of cBAT and iBAT is to generate heat and maintain the energy balance of the body.A cold environment and exercise can stimulate the browning of white fat tissue.The browning of white fat tissue is a complex process involving many factors,with PRDM16,PPARγand PGC-1αbeing the core transcription factors related to the process.Previous studies showed that white adipose browning is beneficial for the treatment of obesity,diabetes,fatty liver and other diseases.On the other hand,it can promote the progression of malignant tumors.Under normal conditions,the different types of fat tissue maintain a dynamic balance in the human body.Therefore,obtaining a better understanding of this balance and determining how to intervene at the early stages of metabolic imbalance are necessary.
基金The project supported by Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences(SICS)A*STAR Singapore and BMRC Young Investigator Grant
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of microRNA-32 on cold-induced thermogenesis and brown adipocyte energy metabolism.METHODS To apply the cold-induced thermogenesis model in mice,8-10 week old male C57Bl6 mice were placed within a 6℃fridge for 7d.Control microRNA inhibitor or miR-32 inhibitor(10mg·kg-1)was administered via intraperitoneal injection 16 hbefore the mice were placed in the fridge.Daily core body temperatures were taken using a rectal temperature probe.Mice were euthanized after 7dand brown adipose tissue(BAT),inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue(WAT),skeletal muscle and liver tissue analysed for changes in morphology and gene expression.RESULTS miR-32 inhibition in vivoinhibits the emergence of beige cells,which function like BAT cells,within WAT.In silico prediction and gene ontology analysis identified Tob1 as a likely target gene of miR-32.miR-32 inhibition led to increased expression of Tob1 whilst mutation of target sequence abolished this effect.Expression of brown adipose markers such as Ucp1,Pgc1α,Pparαand Prdm16 were significantly reduced in inguinal white adipose tissue(P<0.05).There was also a significant decrease in serumfgf21 levels due to the inhibition of Fgf21 expression in BAT(P<0.05).p38/MAPK signalling in brown adipose tissue was also significantly inhibited within brown adipose tissue leading to decreased fgf21 expression and secretion.CONCLUSION Our study shows that miR-32 plays a crucial role in stimulating beige cell emergence by activating p38/MAPK signalling during cold thermogenesis.miR-32 may prove effective as a treatment for obesity by activating cold-induced thermogenesis leading to increased energy metabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973535, No. 82274166)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-BS-093)。
文摘Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF’s anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402983, 81573436)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) 2016-I2M-3–015the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development" (2015ZX09501005, China)
文摘Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Promoting browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)contributes to increased energy expenditure and hence counteracts obesity. Here we show that cordycepin(Cpn), a natural derivative of adenosine, increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, improves metabolic profile and glucose tolerance, decreases WAT mass and adipocyte size, and enhances cold tolerance in normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Cpn markedly increases the surface temperature around the inguinal WAT and turns the inguinal fat browner. Further investigations show that Cpn induces the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal and, to a less degree, epididymal WAT depots. Cpn also increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) and other thermogenic genes in WAT and3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, in which AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) plays an important role. Our results provide novel insights into the function of Cpn in regulating energy balance, and suggest a potential utility of Cpn in the treatment of obesity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81770847)the Drug Innovation Major Project (No. 2018ZX09711001-003-005)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2017-I2M-1-010)。
文摘Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue(WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke,heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige(brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue(BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products(alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes(T2 DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0401301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos 31770726 and 31772041)+3 种基金Science and Technology Planning of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2013004)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.201804020041)Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303073)The work was also supported by National Botanical Gardens,CAS.
文摘Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on pericarp browning and quality of litchi fruit stored at low temperature.Litchi fruit were stored in a non-humidified cold chamber(control)or in a humidified cold room using Tabor atomizer system that generated 95%relative humidity(RH)without depositing water on the fruit surface at 4℃.Control fruit stored in cold room without added humidity underwent rapid weight loss,accompanied by severe pericarp browning after 25 d of storage.However,slight weight loss and no obvious pericarp browning were found in humidified-fruit.Moreover,humidification maintained well the integrity of cell membrane and inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity during early storage.In addition,respiration rate was obviously inhibited in humidified-fruit compared with control fruit.This study might provide a convenient approach to reduce pericarp browning of harvested litchi fruit by humidifying the fruit using the Tabor atomizer at low temperature instead of packaging with film.
