Alstonia scholaris(L.)R.Br.,an evergreen tropical plant rich in indole alkaloids with significant physiological activity,is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases in China.This study was conducted to establi...Alstonia scholaris(L.)R.Br.,an evergreen tropical plant rich in indole alkaloids with significant physiological activity,is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases in China.This study was conducted to establish the toxicity profile of the alkaloid extract(TA)of A.scholaris leaves in non-rodents.After oral administration of a single dose(4 g/kg.bw),a num-ber of transient symptoms,such as unsteady gait,drooling,emesis,and reddening of peri-oral mucosa,were observed,but no treatment-related mortality.A sub-chronic toxicity study with a range of doses of TA(20,60 and 120 mg/kg.bw)was conducted for a 13-week treatment period,followed by 4-week recovery observation.Except for emesis and drooling in majority of animals in 120 mg/kg.bw treatment group,no clinical changes were observed in TA-treated animals.Data from electrocardiography,bone marrow,urine,fecal,hematology and clinical chemistry analyses were comparable between TA-treated and control animals.No significant differences in the relative organ weights and histopathological characteristics were evident between the TA-treated and control groups.Accordingly,the non-observed-adverse-effect-level(NOAEL)of TA was established as 120 mg/kg.bw.Our results add further knowledge to the safety database for indole alkaloid extracts from A.scholaris with potential utility as novel drug candidates.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PEG30-rhG-CSF administered to beagle dogs at three different dosages with PEG20-rhG-CSF administered at one dosage, and to provide an experimental basi...OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PEG30-rhG-CSF administered to beagle dogs at three different dosages with PEG20-rhG-CSF administered at one dosage, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical trials.METHODS Beagle dogs received single, subcutaneous doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg or PEG20-rhG-CSF at 200 μg/kg. PEG30-rhG-CSF and PEG20-rhG-CSF concentrations in serum were analyzed using an enzymeqinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. WBC, ANC and PLT counts of whole blood samples were measured using fully automated analytic instrumentation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 statistical analysis software.METHODS Beagle dogs received single, subcutaneous doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg or PEG20-rhG-CSF at 200μg/kg. PEG30-rhG-CSF and PEG20-rhG-CSF concentrations in serum were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. WBC, ANC and PLT counts of whole blood samples were measured using fully automated analytic instrumentation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 statistical analysis software. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of PEG30-rhG-CSF calculated from the serum concentration data determined by ELISA were as follows： the mean elimination half-life （t1/2ke） was 40.6 h （33.5-45.4 h）; the mean time to reach peak concentration （Tmax） was 19.2 h （11.7-24.0 h）; the drug clearance from the serum （CL） was decreased with increasing doses; the peak concentration （Cmax） and the area under the serum concentration-time curve （AUC） were increased with increasing doses. For PEG20-rhG- CSF, the half-life was shorter （12 h） and Tmax was achieved much earlier （10 h） relative to PEG30-rhG-CSF. The AUC of PEG30- rhG-CSF was much greater than that of PEG20-rhG-CSF, and the relative bioavailability with a subcutaneous injection was 158.7%. Administration of single doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF resulted in substantial increases in the absolute The time to reach ANC （ANCTmax） neutrophil count （ANC）. was 72 h. The maximum observed absolute neutrophil counts （ANCmax） and the area over the baseline effect curve （AOBEC） was increased with increasing doses. The effect-elimination half-life （t1/2E） ranged from 60 h to 80 h after subcutaneous administration. The PLT count was slightly elevated 8-12 h after s.c. injection, and declined after 24 h. CONCLUSION The mean elimination half-life of PEG30-rhG- CSF was longer than that of PEG20-rhG-CSF at the same dose, and the other main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of PEG30-rhG-CSF, including C ANCmax, AUC and AOBEC were much greater than those following PEG20-rhG-CSF injection.展开更多
The oculomotor nerves of beagle dogs received electrical stimulation at 0.3-2.0 V. After recording compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle, the oculomotor nerve was quickly cut off and a direc...The oculomotor nerves of beagle dogs received electrical stimulation at 0.3-2.0 V. After recording compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle, the oculomotor nerve was quickly cut off and a direct end-to-end anastomosis was then performed. As a result, the stimulating elec-trode was smoothly inserted and placed, and ideal bioelectrical signals of the interior oblique muscle were acquired. After oculomotor nerve injury, compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle were significantly decreased in beagle dogs. These findings suggest that an animal model of oculomotor nerve injury was successfully established for electrophysiological studies.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness of regenerous tissue and bone substitute in autogenous tooth transplantation in the larger recipient socket. Methods：In 3 Beagle dogs, 18 incisors were transplanted to the re...Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness of regenerous tissue and bone substitute in autogenous tooth transplantation in the larger recipient socket. Methods：In 3 Beagle dogs, 18 incisors were transplanted to the recipient sockets, 2 mm wider mesio-distally. The regenerous tissue group, the bone substitute group and the control group contained 7, 7 and 4 teeth respectively. No additional material was used in control group. Clinical and radiographic examinations were done every month and were sacrificed 3 months later. Subsequently, decalcified sections were prepared for routine histological evaluation. Ordinal scores for root surface resorption were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results：All donor teeth survived. A statistically significant difference was found among all three treatment groups（P= 0.0001）. The proliferating tissue in space positively affected the periodontal healing without any resorption. Inflammatory resorption of the root surface and formation of new bone were observed in the bone substitute group. Surface resorptions of the roots were found in the control group. Conclusion：Proliferating tissues enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissues in larger recipient sockets and prevent root resorption. Sinbone HT is beneficial for the stabilization of the transplanted teeth in larger sockets.展开更多
Shenfu Injection (SFI) is a well-defined Chinese herbal formulation that is obtained from red ginseng and processed aconite root. The main active constituents in SFI are ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids. In this wo...Shenfu Injection (SFI) is a well-defined Chinese herbal formulation that is obtained from red ginseng and processed aconite root. The main active constituents in SFI are ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids. In this work, ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg 1, ginsenoside Rbl and ginsenoside Rc) and aconitum alkaloids (benzoylmesaconine and fuziline) were used as the index components to explore the pharmacokinetic behavior of SFI. A selective and sensitive HPLC MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids in dog plasma and was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the five index components after intravenous drip of three different dosages of SFI in beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic properties of the index components were linear over the dose range of 2-8 mL/kg. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND展开更多
We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the...We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the blood samples were collected at fixed time intervals after single oral administration ofpuerarin or PMMS at a dosage of 120 mg/kg. Following sample preparation, analytes were separated on a C18 column （DIKMA, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a guard column （DIKMA, 8 mm×4 mm） and eluted with methanol-water （25：75, v/v）. Theophylline was used as the internal standard. WinNonlin 6.1 （Pharsight, USA） was used to calculate the pharrnacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters for puerarin and PMMS in Beagle dogs were as follows： AUC, 515.96 and 2796.43 min μg/mL; Tmax, 61.48 and 202.91 min; CL/F, 232.58 and 42.91 mL/min/kg, respectively. The relative bioavailability of PMMS to puerarin was 542.0%. Our results showed that the mixed micelle preparation significantly improved the bioavailability of puerarin by delaying absorption and reducing clearance.展开更多
Ins paper describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assay for propafenone and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of propafenone administered as a new propafenone hy...Ins paper describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assay for propafenone and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of propafenone administered as a new propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsule (SR-test), as an instant-release tablet (IR-reference) and as the market leader sustained-release capsule (Rythmod SR-reference) in male beagle dogs (n= 8). In Study A comparing SR-test with IR-reference in a crossover design T-max and t(1/2) of propafenone for SR-test were significantly higher than those for IR-reference while C-max and AUC were lower demonstrating the sustained release properties of the new formulation. In Study B comparing SR-test with SR-reference the observed C and A TIC of propafenone for SR test (124.5 +/- 140.0 ng/mL and 612.0 +/- 699.2 ng.h/mL, respectively) were higher than for SR-reference (78.52 +/- 72.92 ng/mL and 423.6 +/- 431.6 ng.h/mL, respectively) although the differences were not significant. Overall, the new formulation has as good if not better sustained release characteristics to the market leader formulation. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier By All rights reserved.展开更多
Objective:To simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics of gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,which are constituents of Gentianella acuta,by developing and validating a simple,sensitive,and fast ultra-hig...Objective:To simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics of gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,which are constituents of Gentianella acuta,by developing and validating a simple,sensitive,and fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected from the forward limb veins of six beagle dogs following oral gavage with G.acuta,the whole plant extract(39.90 mg/kg).Plasma samples were processed using liquid–liquid extraction.The analytes and paeoniflorin(internal standard[IS])were separated using an Acquity?UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid amide column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)with isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1%formic acid in water(80:20,v/v)at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the fragmentation transitions at m/z 401.1→179.0,403.1→195.0,419.1→179.0,and 525.2→449.1 for gentiopicroside,sweroside,swertiamarin,and the IS,respectively.Results:The linearity of the analytical response was good and the calibration curves were linear over concentration ranges of 1.20–192.0,0.40–159.0,and 0.20–209.3 ng/mL for gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,respectively.The extraction recovery was in the range of 84.72%–91.34%,84.58%–93.43%,and 82.75%–91.37%for gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,respectively.Conclusions:The method was successfully used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin in beagle dogs.展开更多
Retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma may directly affect prognosis and lead to vision loss.To investigate the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms involved in retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma,we e...Retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma may directly affect prognosis and lead to vision loss.To investigate the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms involved in retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma,we established a weight drop injury model of blunt ocular trauma in male Beagle dogs.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunofluorescence staining,western blotting,and TUNEL assays were performed to investigate retinal injury within 14 days after blunt ocular trauma.Compared with the control group,the thicknesses of the inner and outer nuclear layers,as well as the number of retinal ganglion cells,gradually decreased within 14 days after injury.The number of bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer began to decrease 1 day after injury,while the numbers of cholinergic and amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer did not decrease until 7 days after injury.Moreover,retinal cell necroptosis increased with time after injury;it progressed from the ganglion cell layer to the outer nuclear layer.Visual electrophysiological findings indicated that visual impairment began on the first day after injury and worsened over time.Additionally,blunt ocular trauma induced nerve regeneration and Müller glial hyperplasia;it also resulted in the recruitment of microglia to the retina and polarization of those microglia to the M1 phenotype.These findings suggest that necroptosis plays an important role in exacerbating retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma via gliosis and neuroinflammation.Such a role has important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Objective To develop and validate a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method for determination of hyperoside in plasma of dogs and for the subsequent pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Methods An accurate and r...Objective To develop and validate a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method for determination of hyperoside in plasma of dogs and for the subsequent pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Methods An accurate and reproducible HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the determination of hyperoside in plasma of dogs, using kaempferol as internal standard. The plasma samples of dogs following ig administration of hyperoside were analyzed for the detection of quercetin after enzymatic hydrolysis treatment with combined β-glucuronidase and sulphatase. The analytes were separated on a Diamonsil C 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-buffer solution (0.1 mol/L NH 4 Ac + 0.3 mmol/L EDTA-Na 2 )-acetic acid (60:40:1) and was delivered at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The UV detector was set at 370 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The sample injection volume was 20 μL. Data were collected and analyzed using the ANASTAR software. PK parameters were calculated with DAS software (2.0). Results Linear relationships were validated over the range of 0.01-1 μg/mL for hyperoside (r = 0.9997). The intra- and inter-day precision values for all samples were within 10.0%, and the accuracies of intra- and inter-day assays were within the range of 92.4%-102.4%. The validated method was successfully used to determine the hyperoside concentration in plasma of dogs for up to 12 h, after a single ig administration (25 mg/kg). The mean PK parameters for male and female dogs were as follows: C max (0.18 ± 0.05) and (0.16 ± 0.05) μg/mL, AUC 0-∞ (0.79 ± 0.34) and (0.86 ± 0.27) μg/(mL·h), t 1/2(ka) (0.89 ± 0.41) and (0.88 ± 0.28) h, respectively. Statistical analysis on the PK of hyperoside in male and female groups showed that sex had no significant impact on the PK of hyperoside (P > 0.05). Conclusion The method is able and sufficient to be used in drug PK studies of hyperoside.展开更多
Objective To observe the development and progression of intestinal metaplasia (IM) in dog's stomach and expression of tumor related proteins in gastric mucosa lesions Methods IM animal model was induced in sto...Objective To observe the development and progression of intestinal metaplasia (IM) in dog's stomach and expression of tumor related proteins in gastric mucosa lesions Methods IM animal model was induced in stomach of Beagle dog by combining treatment of oral administration of N methyl N' nito N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ranitidine (R) with X ray irradiation to the target organ Expression of APC, p53, K ras and bcl 2 gene proteins in animal gastric mucosa lesions were determined with immunohistochemical method Results IM animal model was successfully induced and the dynamic pathological changes were observed by means of this model It was confirmed that the progression from normal epithelial cells to IM cells may require several stages, including superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, slight focal IM and moderate or severe IM Aberrant bcl 2 protein can be detected in the atrophic mucosa epithelium and the abnormal expression of APC, K ras and bcl 2 can be found in IM of mucosa Conclusions IM model in stomach of Beagle dog can be successfully induced by our method (MNNG+R+ X ray) The progression from normal to IM in dog resembles that of human being and the expression of tumor related proteins (APC, bcl 2, K ras) may play a role in the malignant transformation of IM展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to Yunnan Major Science and Technology Project(2019ZF003,2019FY003004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1704007)the general program of applied basic research of Yunnan province(2019FB116)for partial financial support.
文摘Alstonia scholaris(L.)R.Br.,an evergreen tropical plant rich in indole alkaloids with significant physiological activity,is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases in China.This study was conducted to establish the toxicity profile of the alkaloid extract(TA)of A.scholaris leaves in non-rodents.After oral administration of a single dose(4 g/kg.bw),a num-ber of transient symptoms,such as unsteady gait,drooling,emesis,and reddening of peri-oral mucosa,were observed,but no treatment-related mortality.A sub-chronic toxicity study with a range of doses of TA(20,60 and 120 mg/kg.bw)was conducted for a 13-week treatment period,followed by 4-week recovery observation.Except for emesis and drooling in majority of animals in 120 mg/kg.bw treatment group,no clinical changes were observed in TA-treated animals.Data from electrocardiography,bone marrow,urine,fecal,hematology and clinical chemistry analyses were comparable between TA-treated and control animals.No significant differences in the relative organ weights and histopathological characteristics were evident between the TA-treated and control groups.Accordingly,the non-observed-adverse-effect-level(NOAEL)of TA was established as 120 mg/kg.bw.Our results add further knowledge to the safety database for indole alkaloid extracts from A.scholaris with potential utility as novel drug candidates.
基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2007BAI14IB04)Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2004CB518902)
文摘OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PEG30-rhG-CSF administered to beagle dogs at three different dosages with PEG20-rhG-CSF administered at one dosage, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical trials.METHODS Beagle dogs received single, subcutaneous doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg or PEG20-rhG-CSF at 200 μg/kg. PEG30-rhG-CSF and PEG20-rhG-CSF concentrations in serum were analyzed using an enzymeqinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. WBC, ANC and PLT counts of whole blood samples were measured using fully automated analytic instrumentation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 statistical analysis software.METHODS Beagle dogs received single, subcutaneous doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg or PEG20-rhG-CSF at 200μg/kg. PEG30-rhG-CSF and PEG20-rhG-CSF concentrations in serum were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. WBC, ANC and PLT counts of whole blood samples were measured using fully automated analytic instrumentation. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 statistical analysis software. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of PEG30-rhG-CSF calculated from the serum concentration data determined by ELISA were as follows： the mean elimination half-life （t1/2ke） was 40.6 h （33.5-45.4 h）; the mean time to reach peak concentration （Tmax） was 19.2 h （11.7-24.0 h）; the drug clearance from the serum （CL） was decreased with increasing doses; the peak concentration （Cmax） and the area under the serum concentration-time curve （AUC） were increased with increasing doses. For PEG20-rhG- CSF, the half-life was shorter （12 h） and Tmax was achieved much earlier （10 h） relative to PEG30-rhG-CSF. The AUC of PEG30- rhG-CSF was much greater than that of PEG20-rhG-CSF, and the relative bioavailability with a subcutaneous injection was 158.7%. Administration of single doses of PEG30-rhG-CSF resulted in substantial increases in the absolute The time to reach ANC （ANCTmax） neutrophil count （ANC）. was 72 h. The maximum observed absolute neutrophil counts （ANCmax） and the area over the baseline effect curve （AOBEC） was increased with increasing doses. The effect-elimination half-life （t1/2E） ranged from 60 h to 80 h after subcutaneous administration. The PLT count was slightly elevated 8-12 h after s.c. injection, and declined after 24 h. CONCLUSION The mean elimination half-life of PEG30-rhG- CSF was longer than that of PEG20-rhG-CSF at the same dose, and the other main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of PEG30-rhG-CSF, including C ANCmax, AUC and AOBEC were much greater than those following PEG20-rhG-CSF injection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30571907the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation, No.05QMH1409
文摘The oculomotor nerves of beagle dogs received electrical stimulation at 0.3-2.0 V. After recording compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle, the oculomotor nerve was quickly cut off and a direct end-to-end anastomosis was then performed. As a result, the stimulating elec-trode was smoothly inserted and placed, and ideal bioelectrical signals of the interior oblique muscle were acquired. After oculomotor nerve injury, compound muscle action potentials of the inferior oblique muscle were significantly decreased in beagle dogs. These findings suggest that an animal model of oculomotor nerve injury was successfully established for electrophysiological studies.
基金Jiangsu Provincial Education Department Fund(No.06 KJD320124)
文摘Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness of regenerous tissue and bone substitute in autogenous tooth transplantation in the larger recipient socket. Methods：In 3 Beagle dogs, 18 incisors were transplanted to the recipient sockets, 2 mm wider mesio-distally. The regenerous tissue group, the bone substitute group and the control group contained 7, 7 and 4 teeth respectively. No additional material was used in control group. Clinical and radiographic examinations were done every month and were sacrificed 3 months later. Subsequently, decalcified sections were prepared for routine histological evaluation. Ordinal scores for root surface resorption were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results：All donor teeth survived. A statistically significant difference was found among all three treatment groups（P= 0.0001）. The proliferating tissue in space positively affected the periodontal healing without any resorption. Inflammatory resorption of the root surface and formation of new bone were observed in the bone substitute group. Surface resorptions of the roots were found in the control group. Conclusion：Proliferating tissues enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissues in larger recipient sockets and prevent root resorption. Sinbone HT is beneficial for the stabilization of the transplanted teeth in larger sockets.
基金supported by the China Resources Sanjiu(Ya’an)Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan,China
文摘Shenfu Injection (SFI) is a well-defined Chinese herbal formulation that is obtained from red ginseng and processed aconite root. The main active constituents in SFI are ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids. In this work, ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg 1, ginsenoside Rbl and ginsenoside Rc) and aconitum alkaloids (benzoylmesaconine and fuziline) were used as the index components to explore the pharmacokinetic behavior of SFI. A selective and sensitive HPLC MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of ginsenosides and aconitum alkaloids in dog plasma and was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the five index components after intravenous drip of three different dosages of SFI in beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic properties of the index components were linear over the dose range of 2-8 mL/kg. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
基金Foundation of Independent Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Grant No. JYB22-JS025)Compound Chinese Medicine Preparation Research Innovation Team (Team No. 2011-CXTD-13)
文摘We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the blood samples were collected at fixed time intervals after single oral administration ofpuerarin or PMMS at a dosage of 120 mg/kg. Following sample preparation, analytes were separated on a C18 column （DIKMA, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a guard column （DIKMA, 8 mm×4 mm） and eluted with methanol-water （25：75, v/v）. Theophylline was used as the internal standard. WinNonlin 6.1 （Pharsight, USA） was used to calculate the pharrnacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters for puerarin and PMMS in Beagle dogs were as follows： AUC, 515.96 and 2796.43 min μg/mL; Tmax, 61.48 and 202.91 min; CL/F, 232.58 and 42.91 mL/min/kg, respectively. The relative bioavailability of PMMS to puerarin was 542.0%. Our results showed that the mixed micelle preparation significantly improved the bioavailability of puerarin by delaying absorption and reducing clearance.
文摘Ins paper describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assay for propafenone and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of propafenone administered as a new propafenone hydrochloride sustained-release capsule (SR-test), as an instant-release tablet (IR-reference) and as the market leader sustained-release capsule (Rythmod SR-reference) in male beagle dogs (n= 8). In Study A comparing SR-test with IR-reference in a crossover design T-max and t(1/2) of propafenone for SR-test were significantly higher than those for IR-reference while C-max and AUC were lower demonstrating the sustained release properties of the new formulation. In Study B comparing SR-test with SR-reference the observed C and A TIC of propafenone for SR test (124.5 +/- 140.0 ng/mL and 612.0 +/- 699.2 ng.h/mL, respectively) were higher than for SR-reference (78.52 +/- 72.92 ng/mL and 423.6 +/- 431.6 ng.h/mL, respectively) although the differences were not significant. Overall, the new formulation has as good if not better sustained release characteristics to the market leader formulation. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier By All rights reserved.
基金supported by the Research Project of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine“Supporting Plan for Excellent Innovative Talents”(2018RCD03)Heilongjiang Provincial Science Fund Project(H2018056)+2 种基金Heilongjiang Post-doctoral Research Start Fund Project(LBH-Q16214)General Projects of NSFC(81973439,81872979,and 81803686)Research Fund of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(201504)
文摘Objective:To simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics of gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,which are constituents of Gentianella acuta,by developing and validating a simple,sensitive,and fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected from the forward limb veins of six beagle dogs following oral gavage with G.acuta,the whole plant extract(39.90 mg/kg).Plasma samples were processed using liquid–liquid extraction.The analytes and paeoniflorin(internal standard[IS])were separated using an Acquity?UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid amide column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)with isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1%formic acid in water(80:20,v/v)at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the fragmentation transitions at m/z 401.1→179.0,403.1→195.0,419.1→179.0,and 525.2→449.1 for gentiopicroside,sweroside,swertiamarin,and the IS,respectively.Results:The linearity of the analytical response was good and the calibration curves were linear over concentration ranges of 1.20–192.0,0.40–159.0,and 0.20–209.3 ng/mL for gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,respectively.The extraction recovery was in the range of 84.72%–91.34%,84.58%–93.43%,and 82.75%–91.37%for gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin,respectively.Conclusions:The method was successfully used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentiopicroside,sweroside,and swertiamarin in beagle dogs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81600738the Youth Development Project of Air Force Medical University,No.21QNPY072(both to FF)。
文摘Retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma may directly affect prognosis and lead to vision loss.To investigate the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms involved in retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma,we established a weight drop injury model of blunt ocular trauma in male Beagle dogs.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunofluorescence staining,western blotting,and TUNEL assays were performed to investigate retinal injury within 14 days after blunt ocular trauma.Compared with the control group,the thicknesses of the inner and outer nuclear layers,as well as the number of retinal ganglion cells,gradually decreased within 14 days after injury.The number of bipolar cells in the inner nuclear layer began to decrease 1 day after injury,while the numbers of cholinergic and amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer did not decrease until 7 days after injury.Moreover,retinal cell necroptosis increased with time after injury;it progressed from the ganglion cell layer to the outer nuclear layer.Visual electrophysiological findings indicated that visual impairment began on the first day after injury and worsened over time.Additionally,blunt ocular trauma induced nerve regeneration and Müller glial hyperplasia;it also resulted in the recruitment of microglia to the retina and polarization of those microglia to the M1 phenotype.These findings suggest that necroptosis plays an important role in exacerbating retinal injury after blunt ocular trauma via gliosis and neuroinflammation.Such a role has important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China (30572350)New Drug Foundation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (DIX005A)
文摘Objective To develop and validate a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method for determination of hyperoside in plasma of dogs and for the subsequent pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Methods An accurate and reproducible HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the determination of hyperoside in plasma of dogs, using kaempferol as internal standard. The plasma samples of dogs following ig administration of hyperoside were analyzed for the detection of quercetin after enzymatic hydrolysis treatment with combined β-glucuronidase and sulphatase. The analytes were separated on a Diamonsil C 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-buffer solution (0.1 mol/L NH 4 Ac + 0.3 mmol/L EDTA-Na 2 )-acetic acid (60:40:1) and was delivered at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The UV detector was set at 370 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The sample injection volume was 20 μL. Data were collected and analyzed using the ANASTAR software. PK parameters were calculated with DAS software (2.0). Results Linear relationships were validated over the range of 0.01-1 μg/mL for hyperoside (r = 0.9997). The intra- and inter-day precision values for all samples were within 10.0%, and the accuracies of intra- and inter-day assays were within the range of 92.4%-102.4%. The validated method was successfully used to determine the hyperoside concentration in plasma of dogs for up to 12 h, after a single ig administration (25 mg/kg). The mean PK parameters for male and female dogs were as follows: C max (0.18 ± 0.05) and (0.16 ± 0.05) μg/mL, AUC 0-∞ (0.79 ± 0.34) and (0.86 ± 0.27) μg/(mL·h), t 1/2(ka) (0.89 ± 0.41) and (0.88 ± 0.28) h, respectively. Statistical analysis on the PK of hyperoside in male and female groups showed that sex had no significant impact on the PK of hyperoside (P > 0.05). Conclusion The method is able and sufficient to be used in drug PK studies of hyperoside.
基金ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No 3 9470 3 3 2 )
文摘Objective To observe the development and progression of intestinal metaplasia (IM) in dog's stomach and expression of tumor related proteins in gastric mucosa lesions Methods IM animal model was induced in stomach of Beagle dog by combining treatment of oral administration of N methyl N' nito N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ranitidine (R) with X ray irradiation to the target organ Expression of APC, p53, K ras and bcl 2 gene proteins in animal gastric mucosa lesions were determined with immunohistochemical method Results IM animal model was successfully induced and the dynamic pathological changes were observed by means of this model It was confirmed that the progression from normal epithelial cells to IM cells may require several stages, including superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, slight focal IM and moderate or severe IM Aberrant bcl 2 protein can be detected in the atrophic mucosa epithelium and the abnormal expression of APC, K ras and bcl 2 can be found in IM of mucosa Conclusions IM model in stomach of Beagle dog can be successfully induced by our method (MNNG+R+ X ray) The progression from normal to IM in dog resembles that of human being and the expression of tumor related proteins (APC, bcl 2, K ras) may play a role in the malignant transformation of IM
