This letter praises a recent article in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(Roles of biochemistry data,lifestyle,and inflammation in identifying abnormal renal function in old Chinese),examining factors affecting abno...This letter praises a recent article in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(Roles of biochemistry data,lifestyle,and inflammation in identifying abnormal renal function in old Chinese),examining factors affecting abnormal renal function in elderly Chinese using advanced machine learning.It highlights the importance of uric acid,age,hemoglobin,body mass index,sport hours,and systolic blood pressure.The study's holistic approach,integrating lifestyle and inflammation,offers a nuanced understanding of chronic kidney disease risk factors.The letter suggests exploring mechanistic pathways of hyperuricemia,the link between anemia and renal function,and the connection between body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate.It advocates investigating physical activity's impact on renal health and the independent effects of blood pressure.The study significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease understanding,proposing avenues for further exploration and interventions.Commendations are extended to the authors and the journal.展开更多
Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly...Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to apply phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li to the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial development of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li by examining the effects of various phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on photosynthesis,physiological and biochemical properties,and gene expression related to the protective enzyme system in F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The experiment,conducted in pots at room temperature,included a control group(CK)and groups inoculated with inorganic phosphorussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia plymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia plymuthica),and groups inoculated with organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven groups.Compared to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition groups showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices except the leaf area index.The content of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein,while W1 had the highest free proline content.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated groups were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated groups was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at approximately 30%of CK.Gene expression corresponding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with POD expression in Y2 being the highest at 2.73 times that of CK.SOD and CAT expression in Y12 were the highest,at 1.84 and 4.39 times that of CK,respectively.These results indicate that inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria can enhance the growth of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li,with the mixed inoculation groups W12 and Y12 demonstrating superior effects.This lays a theoretical foundation for selecting bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.展开更多
Biochemistry is a fundamental core course in disciplines such as agriculture,forestry,medicine,animal husbandry,veterinary medicine,and food science.By prioritizing"educating people"in the teaching process o...Biochemistry is a fundamental core course in disciplines such as agriculture,forestry,medicine,animal husbandry,veterinary medicine,and food science.By prioritizing"educating people"in the teaching process of this professional course,we can unearth diverse ideological and political elements related to agricultural production practices within the curriculum knowledge system and the forefront of discipline development.Exploring various teaching methods and utilizing diverse teaching tools are effective strategies to achieve ideological and political education that silently influences students in the field of biochemistry.The goal is to nurture students strong ideals and beliefs,fostering a deep connection to the sentiments of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers in a great nation."This approach aims to instill a sense of responsibility towards strengthening agriculture,shaping students into individuals from South China Agricultural University who possess lofty aspirations and the courage to shoulder responsibility in the new era.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)has dramatically increased in recent years,with significant impacts on patient mortality rates.Previous studies have identified multiple risk factors for CKD,but ...BACKGROUND The incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)has dramatically increased in recent years,with significant impacts on patient mortality rates.Previous studies have identified multiple risk factors for CKD,but they mostly relied on the use of traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression and only focused on a few risk factors.AIM To determine factors that can be used to identify subjects with a low estimated glomerular filtration rate(L-eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m^(2))in a cohort of 1236 Chinese people aged over 65.METHODS Twenty risk factors were divided into three models.Model 1 consisted of demographic and biochemistry data.Model 2 added lifestyle data to Model 1,and Model 3 added inflammatory markers to Model 2.Five machine learning methods were used:Multivariate adaptive regression splines,eXtreme Gradient Boosting,stochastic gradient boosting,Light Gradient Boosting Machine,and Categorical Features+Gradient Boosting.Evaluation criteria included accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),F-1 score,and balanced accuracy.RESULTS A trend of increasing AUC of each was observed from Model 1 to Model 3 and reached statistical significance.Model 3 selected uric acid as the most important risk factor,followed by age,hemoglobin(Hb),body mass index(BMI),sport hours,and systolic blood pressure(SBP).CONCLUSION Among all the risk factors including demographic,biochemistry,and lifestyle risk factors,along with inflammation markers,UA is the most important risk factor to identify L-eGFR,followed by age,Hb,BMI,sport hours,and SBP in a cohort of elderly Chinese people.展开更多
AIM: To explore the pathogenesis, influencing factors, ways of medical intervention and evaluation indicators of cataract by observing changes in serum biochemical indices in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crys...AIM: To explore the pathogenesis, influencing factors, ways of medical intervention and evaluation indicators of cataract by observing changes in serum biochemical indices in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin. · METHODS: Nine 6-week-old male mice with targeted knockout of βB2-crystallin were used as the study group, and nine age- and sex-matched normal wild-type mice as the control group. The genetype of the modeled mice was identified by PCR technique. Tropicamide and phenylephrine eye drops were used as the cycloplegic agents to observe changes in lens opacity with a slit-lamp. The lens was then removed and blood was collected for biochemical evaluation in the serum. · RESULTS: Two genotypes were successfully identified by PCR technique. Slit-lamp observation showed that the lens cortex was opaque and GSH level in the lens cortex was remarkably decreased in mice with βB2-crystallin deficiency compared with the control group (P <0.01). Serum Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ levels, ALT and AST activities, and TP, ALP, Cr, TC, GLU content were decreased significantly compared with the control group (P <0.05). There was no difference in LDH, P, Cu2+, K+ levels between the two groups (P >0.05). · CONCLUSION: Compared with the wild-type mice, serum biochemical indices underwent significant changes in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin gene, especially with abnormal distribution of Na+&Ca2+, which induced the formation of cataract.展开更多
Objective: To study the relationship between the de-gree of hepatic fibrosis and serum fibrosis markers.Methods: Liver biopsies were performed in 67 pa-tients with hepatitis. The sections were stained withhematoxylin ...Objective: To study the relationship between the de-gree of hepatic fibrosis and serum fibrosis markers.Methods: Liver biopsies were performed in 67 pa-tients with hepatitis. The sections were stained withhematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemical stain.Staging of hepatic fibrosis was made microscopically.The serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), type Ⅲprocollagen (PC-Ⅲ), laminin (LN), and type Ⅳcollagen (Ⅳ-C) were measured by radioimmunoas-say.Results: The serum levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN andⅣ-C were elevated from S1 to S4 because of the in-crease of hepatic fibrosis. The serum concentrationsof HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN and Ⅳ-C were increased with theprogress of disease, with the highest concentration atthe stage of cirrhosis.Conclusion: The stages of hepatic fibrosis are corre-lated with the serum levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN andⅣ-C, which as markers may play a role in detectingthe degree of hepatic fibrosis.展开更多
Melanization/pigmentation is an important physiological phenomenon in insects,which is involved incuticular tanning,parasite encapsulation,and egg shell hardening.During the past few years,we have beenusing mosquito e...Melanization/pigmentation is an important physiological phenomenon in insects,which is involved incuticular tanning,parasite encapsulation,and egg shell hardening.During the past few years,we have beenusing mosquito eggs as a model to study the detailed biochemistry of melanization reactions in mosquitoes.Chorion of newly oviposited eggs is white and soft,but the chorion becomes black and hard within 3～4 hfollowing oviposition. Once the chorion turns black,the eggs become resistant to desiccation and solubiliza-tion.Floodwater mosquitoes,such as Aedes aegypti,oviposit on substrates at the edge of water and theeggs hatch only after being flooded with water following adequate rainfall.Consequently,the ability towithstand the desiccation and other environmental adversities is critical for egg survival.Our research deal-ing with chorion melanization in mosquitoes is aimed at understanding the biochemical processes and mech-展开更多
Complete blood counts and blood chemistry in four Siberian husky puppies diagnosed with swimming puppy syndrome were compared with four healthy Siberian husky puppies. Only serum creatine kinase in affected puppies wa...Complete blood counts and blood chemistry in four Siberian husky puppies diagnosed with swimming puppy syndrome were compared with four healthy Siberian husky puppies. Only serum creatine kinase in affected puppies was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in normal puppies. Although serum creatine kinase level cannot be used for diagnosis of this disease, it could serve as a tool for prognosis of the disease after treatment.展开更多
Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to...Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.展开更多
In searching for new sources of oil, protein and gelatin researchers have investigated many wild plants, but our research group took a different approach: We looked at insects as oil, protein and gelatin source for bo...In searching for new sources of oil, protein and gelatin researchers have investigated many wild plants, but our research group took a different approach: We looked at insects as oil, protein and gelatin source for both nutritional and industrial applications. According to Sudanese indigenous knowledge, many insects have food and medicinal uses. We targeted two of these insects for our research:Aspongopus vidiuatus(melon bug) and Agonoscelis pubescens(sorghum bug). The two insects showed 27.0% and 28.2% crude protein, 45% and 60% oil, respectively. The oils contained 46.5% and 40.9% oleic acid, 3.4% and 34.5% linoleic acid, 44.2% and 12.1% palmitic acid and traces of linolenic acid,respectively. The tocopherol content of theseoils amounted to 0.3 and 34.0 mg/100g oil, respectively. The total content of sterols in the two oils was 17 and 450 mg/100g oil, respectively, whereasβ-sitosterol was determined as the main compound in all oils with about 60% of the totalsterol. The oxidative stability of the oils, asmeasured by the Rancimat test at 120°C, was 38 and 5.1 h, respectively. Edible gelatin was extracted from the two insect using hot water and mild acid and distilled water. SDS-PAGE patterns ofthe insect gelatins had very low molecularweight chains, and the two gelatins contained 40 kDa asmain component, differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed the difference betweenextraction methods concerning the extracted gelatin quality. FTIR spectra of melon and sorghum bug gelatins were similar and the absorption bands were situated in more than 6 bands in melon bug gelatin and only 6 bands in sorghum bug gelatin. Microstructures of the insect gelatinexamined with the scanning electron microscope showed that melon bug exhibited the finest gelatin network with very small voids. Melon bug gelatin showed the finer structure with smallerprotein strands and voids than sorghum buggelatin. Ice cream was made by using 0.5% insect’sgelatine and compared with that made using 0.5%commercial gelatine as stabilizing agent. The properties of the obtained ice cream produced using insects gelatine were found to be acceptable for the panelists, and no significant differences between ice cream made using insect gelatine when compared with that made using commercial gelatine in their general preferences The behavior of the crude Sorghum bug oil during deep-frying of par-fried potatoes was studied with regard to chemical, physical, and sensory parameters, such as the content ofFFA, tocopherols, polar compounds, oligomerTG, volatile compounds, oxidative stability, and totaloxidation (TOTOX) value. The results showed that the oil was suitable for deep-frying of potatoes. The oxidative stability of sunflower kernel oil was improved by blending with melon bug oil, the oxidative stability in the Rancimat test was improved from 5% to 68% compared to the control, with increasing parts of MBO, respectively. The insect oils were transesterified using methanol or ethanol in the presence of sulfuricacid to obtain biodiesel. The obtained insectbiodiesel characteristics were studied in accordance with the DIN EN 14214 specifications for biodiesel. It was possible to prepare the methyl and ethyl esters catalyzed by H2SO4 from the two insect oils.展开更多
Objective: To compile nursing undergraduates' opinions and suggestions for biochemistry textbook to improve the readability and applicability of a textbook of biochemistry.Methods: This investigation involved 279 ...Objective: To compile nursing undergraduates' opinions and suggestions for biochemistry textbook to improve the readability and applicability of a textbook of biochemistry.Methods: This investigation involved 279 nursing undergraduates through delivery of a self-made questionnaire, which was to be used to analyze and study the students' suggestions and opinions on the content of the biochemistry textbook.Results: The investigation revealed that the textbook's difficulty was associated negatively with students' interest(P < 0.05), and the textbook's importance was associated positively with students' interest(P < 0.05). Students suggested that the textbook should be closely related to nursing. The contents,difficulty, structure and charts of the textbook should be adjusted properly.Conclusions: The content of the nursing version of the biochemistry textbook should be driven by the needs of the nursing major and should focus on simplifying the textbook's content, and making it practical. This will make the textbook vivid and readable, enhancing the interest of students to accept and benefit from the textbook.展开更多
Salmonellosis is a serious medical and veterinary problem worldwide and causes great concern in the food and livestock industries, especially the poultry industry which occupies a prominent position in the provision o...Salmonellosis is a serious medical and veterinary problem worldwide and causes great concern in the food and livestock industries, especially the poultry industry which occupies a prominent position in the provision of animal protein and accounts for about 25% of local meat production in Nigeria particularly and is identified as a disease of major economic importance causing low performance in poultry production. The study was carried out at the experimental animal farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. One hundred (100) five-week old chickens obtained from the Poultry division of National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 25 birds per group (A, B, C, D). Each bird in all the groups received 0.5 ml of PBS containing 1 × 108 cfu/ml of Salmonella enterica serovar Zega as follows: Group A was infected with Salmonella Zega intra-nasally (IN). Group B was infected with Salmonella Zega intra-peritonealy (IP). Group C was infected with Salmonella Zega orally (OR). Group D was the Uninfected control (CT). There was a significant change (p 0.05) in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the infected groups compared across the different days post infection. There was significant increase (p Salmonella Pullorum and Salmonella Gallinarum that are known to cause pathology in birds Salmonella Zega which is none host specific for birds can also cause pathology in them. This is the first report in the study area to the best of our knowledge.展开更多
The aim of the study is the possibility of synthesis and study of the properties of“synthetic consciousness”by modifying various chemical elements of the genome of synthetic biochemistry.We have proposed a new appro...The aim of the study is the possibility of synthesis and study of the properties of“synthetic consciousness”by modifying various chemical elements of the genome of synthetic biochemistry.We have proposed a new approach to synthesize“synthetic consciousness”using synthetic biochemistry.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sug...The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup>;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g<sup>-1</sup> compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g<sup>-1</sup> of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of local varieties is between 502.16 ± 0.06 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 582.77 ± 0.04 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup> while the imported variety has a content of 536.62 ± 1.30 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>. They note that the local varieties have a better calcium content (249.75 ± 0.07 to 434.20 ± 0.57 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) and magnesium (142.15 ± 0.07 to 162.60 ± 0.42 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) than the imported variety (229.58 ± 0.04 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) except for the varieties White Grano (228.29 ± 0.01 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) and Rouge Amposta (117.00 ± 0.42 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) respectively. These results reveal that Gandiol, Dayo and Orient F1 are nutritionally found better due to their higher antioxidant property, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LBA)and mannan-oligosaccharides(MOS)supplementation on the production performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat qual...The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LBA)and mannan-oligosaccharides(MOS)supplementation on the production performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chicken.A total of 252 commercial broiler chickens at 1 d old of uniform body weight were randomly allocated to 6 maize-soybean-based dietary treatments:T1(control diet),T2(antibiotic bacitracin methylene di-salicylate[BMD]at 20 mg/kg diet),T3(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^6 CFU/g feed),T4(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed),T5(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at10^6 CFU/g feed),and T6(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed).Each treatment was assigned to 6 replicates of 7 birds.The samples for meat quality and serum biochemistry analysis were taken from 12 birds per treatment(2 birds/replicate).The results revealed better(P<0.01)growth performance and production efficiency of birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented diet and BMD-supplemented birds superseded the control birds.Higher(P<0.01)serum and liver antioxidant enzyme activities,meat antioxidant capacity(2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid[ABTS]and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl[DPPH]assays),serum total protein,high-density lipoproteins(HDL)cholesterol(P<0.05),and globulin levels(P<0.01)were observed in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds,whereas,lower lipid oxidation(P<0.01),cardiac risk ratio,atherogenic coefficient,atherogenic index of plasma,serum glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol levels(P<0.01),and serum albumin-to-globulin ratio(P<0.05)were observed in the chickens.The pH of meat from birds fed T4,T5 or T6 diet was lower(P<0.01)compared to control and other treatments.The extract release volume(ERV),water holding capacity(WHC),and protein content of meat were higher(P<0.05)in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds.Thus,it was concluded that the supplementation of 0.2%MOS along with LBA at 10^6 CFU/g is optimum for better growth performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chickens.展开更多
The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial...The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial was conducted over 28 d with 4 groups of Japanese quails fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation(control),or control t 55 mg zinc bacitracin/kg,2 g thyme/kg,and 2 g ajwain/kg.At 35 d of age,2 quails from each replicate were sacrificed and eviscerated.Liver,empty small intestine and heart were weighed and calculated as a percentage of live body weight.The carcasses were weighed and the cuts were performed to evaluate the yield of legs and breast.At 35 d of age,2 quails per replicate were chosen and approximately 1-m L blood samples were collected through brachial vein,and concentrations of albumin,total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol were determined.Final body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment whereas,it tended to increase in quails supplemented with antibiotic.Overall feed conversation ratio values were similar though it tended to improve in quails supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.Daily feed intake,internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments.Serum total cholesterol contents were lower(P < 0.05) in quails supplemented with ajwain compared with control and quails supplemented with antibiotic and thyme.The highest serum HDL-cholesterol was seen in the group supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.It was concluded that the addition of 2 g/kg thyme can improve serum biochemistry in quails,although its effects on performance criteria was negligible.展开更多
Do you believe in so-called food-combination poisoning?Do you have the courage to eat crab and Chinese persimmon together?In fact,there is no need to worry about poisoning.As early as 80 years ago,it was proved that s...Do you believe in so-called food-combination poisoning?Do you have the courage to eat crab and Chinese persimmon together?In fact,there is no need to worry about poisoning.As early as 80 years ago,it was proved that so-called foodcombination poisoning is a superstition,through experiments by a man named Libin T.Cheng(1900-2010),who was one of the founders of biochemistry and nutrition in China and who also became a 110-year-old wise man.展开更多
The relationship between penta-coordinate phosphorus compounds and biochemistry is briefly reviewed. Some interesting phenomena such as peptide formation, ester formation, ester exchange on phosphorus and N to O migra...The relationship between penta-coordinate phosphorus compounds and biochemistry is briefly reviewed. Some interesting phenomena such as peptide formation, ester formation, ester exchange on phosphorus and N to O migration occur at room temperature when the amino group of amino acid is associated with phosphoryl group. Serine or threonine in conjugate of nucleo-side-amino acid could recognize different nucleobases. N-phosphoryl Histine and Ser-His dipep-tide could cleavage nucleic acid, protein and ester in neutral medium. It is found that the above phenomena all undergo penta-coordinate intermediate of phosphorus atom, which is proposed as the key factor to determine their activities.展开更多
文摘This letter praises a recent article in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(Roles of biochemistry data,lifestyle,and inflammation in identifying abnormal renal function in old Chinese),examining factors affecting abnormal renal function in elderly Chinese using advanced machine learning.It highlights the importance of uric acid,age,hemoglobin,body mass index,sport hours,and systolic blood pressure.The study's holistic approach,integrating lifestyle and inflammation,offers a nuanced understanding of chronic kidney disease risk factors.The letter suggests exploring mechanistic pathways of hyperuricemia,the link between anemia and renal function,and the connection between body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate.It advocates investigating physical activity's impact on renal health and the independent effects of blood pressure.The study significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease understanding,proposing avenues for further exploration and interventions.Commendations are extended to the authors and the journal.
基金This work was funded by Chongqing Municipal Technology Innovation and Application Development Program(cstc2020jscx-gksb0001)Yunnan Academician(Expert)Workstation Project(202105AF150073).
文摘Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to apply phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li to the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial development of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li by examining the effects of various phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on photosynthesis,physiological and biochemical properties,and gene expression related to the protective enzyme system in F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The experiment,conducted in pots at room temperature,included a control group(CK)and groups inoculated with inorganic phosphorussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia plymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia plymuthica),and groups inoculated with organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven groups.Compared to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition groups showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices except the leaf area index.The content of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein,while W1 had the highest free proline content.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated groups were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated groups was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at approximately 30%of CK.Gene expression corresponding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with POD expression in Y2 being the highest at 2.73 times that of CK.SOD and CAT expression in Y12 were the highest,at 1.84 and 4.39 times that of CK,respectively.These results indicate that inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria can enhance the growth of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li,with the mixed inoculation groups W12 and Y12 demonstrating superior effects.This lays a theoretical foundation for selecting bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project in 2021.
文摘Biochemistry is a fundamental core course in disciplines such as agriculture,forestry,medicine,animal husbandry,veterinary medicine,and food science.By prioritizing"educating people"in the teaching process of this professional course,we can unearth diverse ideological and political elements related to agricultural production practices within the curriculum knowledge system and the forefront of discipline development.Exploring various teaching methods and utilizing diverse teaching tools are effective strategies to achieve ideological and political education that silently influences students in the field of biochemistry.The goal is to nurture students strong ideals and beliefs,fostering a deep connection to the sentiments of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers in a great nation."This approach aims to instill a sense of responsibility towards strengthening agriculture,shaping students into individuals from South China Agricultural University who possess lofty aspirations and the courage to shoulder responsibility in the new era.
基金Supported by the Kaohsiung Armed Forces General HospitalThe study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital,National Defense Medical Center(IRB No.:KAFGHIRB 109-46).
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)has dramatically increased in recent years,with significant impacts on patient mortality rates.Previous studies have identified multiple risk factors for CKD,but they mostly relied on the use of traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression and only focused on a few risk factors.AIM To determine factors that can be used to identify subjects with a low estimated glomerular filtration rate(L-eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m^(2))in a cohort of 1236 Chinese people aged over 65.METHODS Twenty risk factors were divided into three models.Model 1 consisted of demographic and biochemistry data.Model 2 added lifestyle data to Model 1,and Model 3 added inflammatory markers to Model 2.Five machine learning methods were used:Multivariate adaptive regression splines,eXtreme Gradient Boosting,stochastic gradient boosting,Light Gradient Boosting Machine,and Categorical Features+Gradient Boosting.Evaluation criteria included accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),F-1 score,and balanced accuracy.RESULTS A trend of increasing AUC of each was observed from Model 1 to Model 3 and reached statistical significance.Model 3 selected uric acid as the most important risk factor,followed by age,hemoglobin(Hb),body mass index(BMI),sport hours,and systolic blood pressure(SBP).CONCLUSION Among all the risk factors including demographic,biochemistry,and lifestyle risk factors,along with inflammation markers,UA is the most important risk factor to identify L-eGFR,followed by age,Hb,BMI,sport hours,and SBP in a cohort of elderly Chinese people.
文摘AIM: To explore the pathogenesis, influencing factors, ways of medical intervention and evaluation indicators of cataract by observing changes in serum biochemical indices in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin. · METHODS: Nine 6-week-old male mice with targeted knockout of βB2-crystallin were used as the study group, and nine age- and sex-matched normal wild-type mice as the control group. The genetype of the modeled mice was identified by PCR technique. Tropicamide and phenylephrine eye drops were used as the cycloplegic agents to observe changes in lens opacity with a slit-lamp. The lens was then removed and blood was collected for biochemical evaluation in the serum. · RESULTS: Two genotypes were successfully identified by PCR technique. Slit-lamp observation showed that the lens cortex was opaque and GSH level in the lens cortex was remarkably decreased in mice with βB2-crystallin deficiency compared with the control group (P <0.01). Serum Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ levels, ALT and AST activities, and TP, ALP, Cr, TC, GLU content were decreased significantly compared with the control group (P <0.05). There was no difference in LDH, P, Cu2+, K+ levels between the two groups (P >0.05). · CONCLUSION: Compared with the wild-type mice, serum biochemical indices underwent significant changes in mice with targeted disruption of βB2-crystallin gene, especially with abnormal distribution of Na+&Ca2+, which induced the formation of cataract.
文摘Objective: To study the relationship between the de-gree of hepatic fibrosis and serum fibrosis markers.Methods: Liver biopsies were performed in 67 pa-tients with hepatitis. The sections were stained withhematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemical stain.Staging of hepatic fibrosis was made microscopically.The serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), type Ⅲprocollagen (PC-Ⅲ), laminin (LN), and type Ⅳcollagen (Ⅳ-C) were measured by radioimmunoas-say.Results: The serum levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN andⅣ-C were elevated from S1 to S4 because of the in-crease of hepatic fibrosis. The serum concentrationsof HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN and Ⅳ-C were increased with theprogress of disease, with the highest concentration atthe stage of cirrhosis.Conclusion: The stages of hepatic fibrosis are corre-lated with the serum levels of HA, PC-Ⅲ, LN andⅣ-C, which as markers may play a role in detectingthe degree of hepatic fibrosis.
文摘Melanization/pigmentation is an important physiological phenomenon in insects,which is involved incuticular tanning,parasite encapsulation,and egg shell hardening.During the past few years,we have beenusing mosquito eggs as a model to study the detailed biochemistry of melanization reactions in mosquitoes.Chorion of newly oviposited eggs is white and soft,but the chorion becomes black and hard within 3～4 hfollowing oviposition. Once the chorion turns black,the eggs become resistant to desiccation and solubiliza-tion.Floodwater mosquitoes,such as Aedes aegypti,oviposit on substrates at the edge of water and theeggs hatch only after being flooded with water following adequate rainfall.Consequently,the ability towithstand the desiccation and other environmental adversities is critical for egg survival.Our research deal-ing with chorion melanization in mosquitoes is aimed at understanding the biochemical processes and mech-
文摘Complete blood counts and blood chemistry in four Siberian husky puppies diagnosed with swimming puppy syndrome were compared with four healthy Siberian husky puppies. Only serum creatine kinase in affected puppies was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in normal puppies. Although serum creatine kinase level cannot be used for diagnosis of this disease, it could serve as a tool for prognosis of the disease after treatment.
文摘Background: Anesthetic agents are commonly utilized in the handling of non‐human primates for prevent the stress caused in physical exploration or physical restrain. For this reason, the objective of this work was to describe the effect of age and dissociative anesthetics (ketamine and tiletamine), and their combinations with acepromazine, xylazine and zolazepam, on the physiological and blood biochemical parameters in Macaca mulatta. Methods: Eighty male Macaca mulatta were divided into four experimental groups depending on the anesthetic mixture applied. Each group of 20 males was divided into five sub‐groups according to age. Physiological parameters were recorded every five minutes during a 30‐minute period. A blood sample was drawn to analyze blood biochemistry. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in the physiological parameters between the ketamine‐acepromazine and ketamine‐xylazine groups compared to the control group. The analysis of blood biochemistry found significant differences by age and by anesthetic mixture among all groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to standardizing this animal model in biological research.
文摘In searching for new sources of oil, protein and gelatin researchers have investigated many wild plants, but our research group took a different approach: We looked at insects as oil, protein and gelatin source for both nutritional and industrial applications. According to Sudanese indigenous knowledge, many insects have food and medicinal uses. We targeted two of these insects for our research:Aspongopus vidiuatus(melon bug) and Agonoscelis pubescens(sorghum bug). The two insects showed 27.0% and 28.2% crude protein, 45% and 60% oil, respectively. The oils contained 46.5% and 40.9% oleic acid, 3.4% and 34.5% linoleic acid, 44.2% and 12.1% palmitic acid and traces of linolenic acid,respectively. The tocopherol content of theseoils amounted to 0.3 and 34.0 mg/100g oil, respectively. The total content of sterols in the two oils was 17 and 450 mg/100g oil, respectively, whereasβ-sitosterol was determined as the main compound in all oils with about 60% of the totalsterol. The oxidative stability of the oils, asmeasured by the Rancimat test at 120°C, was 38 and 5.1 h, respectively. Edible gelatin was extracted from the two insect using hot water and mild acid and distilled water. SDS-PAGE patterns ofthe insect gelatins had very low molecularweight chains, and the two gelatins contained 40 kDa asmain component, differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed the difference betweenextraction methods concerning the extracted gelatin quality. FTIR spectra of melon and sorghum bug gelatins were similar and the absorption bands were situated in more than 6 bands in melon bug gelatin and only 6 bands in sorghum bug gelatin. Microstructures of the insect gelatinexamined with the scanning electron microscope showed that melon bug exhibited the finest gelatin network with very small voids. Melon bug gelatin showed the finer structure with smallerprotein strands and voids than sorghum buggelatin. Ice cream was made by using 0.5% insect’sgelatine and compared with that made using 0.5%commercial gelatine as stabilizing agent. The properties of the obtained ice cream produced using insects gelatine were found to be acceptable for the panelists, and no significant differences between ice cream made using insect gelatine when compared with that made using commercial gelatine in their general preferences The behavior of the crude Sorghum bug oil during deep-frying of par-fried potatoes was studied with regard to chemical, physical, and sensory parameters, such as the content ofFFA, tocopherols, polar compounds, oligomerTG, volatile compounds, oxidative stability, and totaloxidation (TOTOX) value. The results showed that the oil was suitable for deep-frying of potatoes. The oxidative stability of sunflower kernel oil was improved by blending with melon bug oil, the oxidative stability in the Rancimat test was improved from 5% to 68% compared to the control, with increasing parts of MBO, respectively. The insect oils were transesterified using methanol or ethanol in the presence of sulfuricacid to obtain biodiesel. The obtained insectbiodiesel characteristics were studied in accordance with the DIN EN 14214 specifications for biodiesel. It was possible to prepare the methyl and ethyl esters catalyzed by H2SO4 from the two insect oils.
文摘Objective: To compile nursing undergraduates' opinions and suggestions for biochemistry textbook to improve the readability and applicability of a textbook of biochemistry.Methods: This investigation involved 279 nursing undergraduates through delivery of a self-made questionnaire, which was to be used to analyze and study the students' suggestions and opinions on the content of the biochemistry textbook.Results: The investigation revealed that the textbook's difficulty was associated negatively with students' interest(P < 0.05), and the textbook's importance was associated positively with students' interest(P < 0.05). Students suggested that the textbook should be closely related to nursing. The contents,difficulty, structure and charts of the textbook should be adjusted properly.Conclusions: The content of the nursing version of the biochemistry textbook should be driven by the needs of the nursing major and should focus on simplifying the textbook's content, and making it practical. This will make the textbook vivid and readable, enhancing the interest of students to accept and benefit from the textbook.
文摘Salmonellosis is a serious medical and veterinary problem worldwide and causes great concern in the food and livestock industries, especially the poultry industry which occupies a prominent position in the provision of animal protein and accounts for about 25% of local meat production in Nigeria particularly and is identified as a disease of major economic importance causing low performance in poultry production. The study was carried out at the experimental animal farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. One hundred (100) five-week old chickens obtained from the Poultry division of National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 25 birds per group (A, B, C, D). Each bird in all the groups received 0.5 ml of PBS containing 1 × 108 cfu/ml of Salmonella enterica serovar Zega as follows: Group A was infected with Salmonella Zega intra-nasally (IN). Group B was infected with Salmonella Zega intra-peritonealy (IP). Group C was infected with Salmonella Zega orally (OR). Group D was the Uninfected control (CT). There was a significant change (p 0.05) in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the infected groups compared across the different days post infection. There was significant increase (p Salmonella Pullorum and Salmonella Gallinarum that are known to cause pathology in birds Salmonella Zega which is none host specific for birds can also cause pathology in them. This is the first report in the study area to the best of our knowledge.
文摘The aim of the study is the possibility of synthesis and study of the properties of“synthetic consciousness”by modifying various chemical elements of the genome of synthetic biochemistry.We have proposed a new approach to synthesize“synthetic consciousness”using synthetic biochemistry.
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup>;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g<sup>-1</sup> respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g<sup>-1</sup> compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g<sup>-1</sup> of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of local varieties is between 502.16 ± 0.06 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup> and 582.77 ± 0.04 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup> while the imported variety has a content of 536.62 ± 1.30 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>. They note that the local varieties have a better calcium content (249.75 ± 0.07 to 434.20 ± 0.57 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) and magnesium (142.15 ± 0.07 to 162.60 ± 0.42 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) than the imported variety (229.58 ± 0.04 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) except for the varieties White Grano (228.29 ± 0.01 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) and Rouge Amposta (117.00 ± 0.42 mg·100 g<sup>-1</sup>) respectively. These results reveal that Gandiol, Dayo and Orient F1 are nutritionally found better due to their higher antioxidant property, proteins, carbohydrates, and reducing sugar and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body.
基金funded by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India with Grant No.BT/PR9724/AAQ/1/571/2013
文摘The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus(LBA)and mannan-oligosaccharides(MOS)supplementation on the production performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chicken.A total of 252 commercial broiler chickens at 1 d old of uniform body weight were randomly allocated to 6 maize-soybean-based dietary treatments:T1(control diet),T2(antibiotic bacitracin methylene di-salicylate[BMD]at 20 mg/kg diet),T3(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^6 CFU/g feed),T4(MOS at 0.1%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed),T5(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at10^6 CFU/g feed),and T6(MOS at 0.2%+LBA at 10^7 CFU/g feed).Each treatment was assigned to 6 replicates of 7 birds.The samples for meat quality and serum biochemistry analysis were taken from 12 birds per treatment(2 birds/replicate).The results revealed better(P<0.01)growth performance and production efficiency of birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented diet and BMD-supplemented birds superseded the control birds.Higher(P<0.01)serum and liver antioxidant enzyme activities,meat antioxidant capacity(2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid[ABTS]and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl[DPPH]assays),serum total protein,high-density lipoproteins(HDL)cholesterol(P<0.05),and globulin levels(P<0.01)were observed in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds,whereas,lower lipid oxidation(P<0.01),cardiac risk ratio,atherogenic coefficient,atherogenic index of plasma,serum glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol levels(P<0.01),and serum albumin-to-globulin ratio(P<0.05)were observed in the chickens.The pH of meat from birds fed T4,T5 or T6 diet was lower(P<0.01)compared to control and other treatments.The extract release volume(ERV),water holding capacity(WHC),and protein content of meat were higher(P<0.05)in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds.Thus,it was concluded that the supplementation of 0.2%MOS along with LBA at 10^6 CFU/g is optimum for better growth performance,serum biochemistry,antioxidant profile,health indices,meat quality,and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chickens.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch (grant number:2014/04)
文摘The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial was conducted over 28 d with 4 groups of Japanese quails fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation(control),or control t 55 mg zinc bacitracin/kg,2 g thyme/kg,and 2 g ajwain/kg.At 35 d of age,2 quails from each replicate were sacrificed and eviscerated.Liver,empty small intestine and heart were weighed and calculated as a percentage of live body weight.The carcasses were weighed and the cuts were performed to evaluate the yield of legs and breast.At 35 d of age,2 quails per replicate were chosen and approximately 1-m L blood samples were collected through brachial vein,and concentrations of albumin,total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol were determined.Final body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment whereas,it tended to increase in quails supplemented with antibiotic.Overall feed conversation ratio values were similar though it tended to improve in quails supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.Daily feed intake,internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments.Serum total cholesterol contents were lower(P < 0.05) in quails supplemented with ajwain compared with control and quails supplemented with antibiotic and thyme.The highest serum HDL-cholesterol was seen in the group supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.It was concluded that the addition of 2 g/kg thyme can improve serum biochemistry in quails,although its effects on performance criteria was negligible.
文摘Do you believe in so-called food-combination poisoning?Do you have the courage to eat crab and Chinese persimmon together?In fact,there is no need to worry about poisoning.As early as 80 years ago,it was proved that so-called foodcombination poisoning is a superstition,through experiments by a man named Libin T.Cheng(1900-2010),who was one of the founders of biochemistry and nutrition in China and who also became a 110-year-old wise man.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20132020 and 20175026).
文摘The relationship between penta-coordinate phosphorus compounds and biochemistry is briefly reviewed. Some interesting phenomena such as peptide formation, ester formation, ester exchange on phosphorus and N to O migration occur at room temperature when the amino group of amino acid is associated with phosphoryl group. Serine or threonine in conjugate of nucleo-side-amino acid could recognize different nucleobases. N-phosphoryl Histine and Ser-His dipep-tide could cleavage nucleic acid, protein and ester in neutral medium. It is found that the above phenomena all undergo penta-coordinate intermediate of phosphorus atom, which is proposed as the key factor to determine their activities.
