Nanotechnology is defined as the study and application of 1 - 100 nm sized structures. Nanomaterials have opened avenues for the industries and scientific endeavors. These recognized for unique size, dependant physica...Nanotechnology is defined as the study and application of 1 - 100 nm sized structures. Nanomaterials have opened avenues for the industries and scientific endeavors. These recognized for unique size, dependant physical and chemical properties (optical, magnetic, catalytic, thermodynamic, electrochemical) [1]. Most significant properties of nanoparticles is their carbon strength. It is said to be so tough that recently with a nano-sized particles i.e. carbon nanotube—a bullet proof T-shirt/vests was manufactured. Nanotechnology were firstly proposed/initiated by Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman in 1959 [2]. This science is credited to have applications ranging from electronics, biomedicals, food, fuel cells to biosensors and even fabrics. Though every field of science progressing but still faces some lacunae and that result in development of a new technology. The thriving biomedical techniques for disorders like cancers etc. is still in developmental stage where researchers and doctors are working hard for concrete therapeutic results from such nano-techniques. On Cancers, the harmful side effects of its treatment like chemotherapy can’t be left aside which is result of one of its drug delivery methods that don’t pinpoint their intended target cells accurately rather affects whole area. Researchers in universities like Harvard and MIT have been able to attach special RNA strands, measuring about 10nm in diameter, to nanoparticles and fill the nanoparticles with a chemotherapy drug. The RNA strands get attracted to cancer cells. When the nanoparticle encounters a cancer cell it adheres to it and releases the drug into the cancer cell. This directed method of drug delivery has great potential for treating cancer patients while producing less side harmful effects than those produced by conventional chemotherapy [3]. This paper provides valuable information to the researchers, knowledge experts and policy makers regarding the application of nanotechnology and its values in science and technology. Biomedical is one of the major issues which were catered by nanotechnology.展开更多
The incidence of bladder cancer(BC) continues to rise with high recurrence and mortality rate, especially in the past three decades. The development of accurate and successful BC treatment relies mainly on early diagn...The incidence of bladder cancer(BC) continues to rise with high recurrence and mortality rate, especially in the past three decades. The development of accurate and successful BC treatment relies mainly on early diagnosis. BC is a heterogeneous disease reflected by the presence of many potential biomarkers associated with different disease phenotypes. Nowadays, cystoscopy and urinary cytology are considered the gold standard diagnostic tools for BC. There are many limitations to cystoscopy including being invasive, labor-intensive and carcinoma in situ of the bladder may easily be missed. Urinary cytology is still a noninvasive technique with high accuracy in high-grade BC with a median sensitivity of 35%. Furthermore, the need for a sensitive, specific, non invasive, easily accessible BC biomarker is a major clinical need. The field of urinary BC biomarkers discovery is still a rapidly evolving discipline in which more recent technologies are evaluated and often optimized if they are not clinically significant to the urologists. Most of the current strategies for BC urinary biomarker detection depend on integration of information gleaned from the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, metabolomics and bionanotechnology. Effort is currently being made to identify the most potentially beneficial urinary biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and explore the efficacy of gathering the information revealed from the cooperation of different omic strategies that paves the way towards various urinary markers discovery for screening, diagnosis and prognosis of human BC.展开更多
Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),natur...Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),naturally cell-secreted lipid membrane-bound vesicles laden with biological cargos including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,have drawn wide attention due to their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.However,current exploitation of EVs as therapeutic agents is limited by their low isolation yields and tedious isolation processes.To circumvent these challenges,bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles(CDNs)that mimic EVs were obtained by shearing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through membranes with different pore sizes.Physical characterisations and highthroughput proteomics confirmed that MSC-CDNs mimicked MSC-EVs.Moreover,these MSC-CDNs were efficiently uptaken by human dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated a dose-dependent activation of MAPK signalling pathway,resulting in enhancement of cell proliferation,cell migration,secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins,which all promoted tissue regeneration.Of note,MSC-CDNs enhanced angiogenesis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D PEGfibrin scaffold and animal model,accelerating wound healing in vitro and in vivo.These findings suggest that MSC-CDNs could replace both whole cells and EVs in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.展开更多
Direct observation is arguably the preferred way to investigate the interactions between two molecular complexes. With the development of high speed atomic force microscopy （AFM）, it is becoming possible to observe ...Direct observation is arguably the preferred way to investigate the interactions between two molecular complexes. With the development of high speed atomic force microscopy （AFM）, it is becoming possible to observe directly DNA-protein interactions with relevant spatial and temporal resolutions. These interactions are of central importance to biology, bionanotechnology, and functional biologically inspired materials. As in all microscopy studies, sample preparation plays a central role in AFM observation and minimal perturbation of the sample is desired. Here, we demonstrate the ability to tune the interactions between DNA molecules and the surface to create an association strong enough to enable high-resolution AFM imaging while also providing sufficient translational freedom to allow the relevant protein-DNA interactions to take place. Furthermore, we describe a quantitative method for measuring DNA mobility, while also determining the individual forces contributing to DNA movement. We found that for a weak surface association, a significant contribution to the movement arises from the interaction of the AFM tip with the DNA. In combination, these methods enable the tuning of the surface translational freedom of DNA molecules to allow the direct study of a wide range of nucleo-protein interactions by high speed atomic force microscopy.展开更多
Nanozyme is a promising field that offers the substitution for natural enzymes using various nanomaterials.Various nanoma-terials with peroxidase-like activity were investigated.Among them,transition metal chalcogenid...Nanozyme is a promising field that offers the substitution for natural enzymes using various nanomaterials.Various nanoma-terials with peroxidase-like activity were investigated.Among them,transition metal chalcogenides were explored as promis-ing nanozymes due to their excellent enzyme-mimicking activities.However,ruthenium selenide has not been studied as a peroxidase mimic because of the difficulty for synthesis.Herein,we prepared ruthenium selenide nanomaterial with ordered mesoporous structure(P-RuSe_(2))employing KIT-6 silica as the template.The composition and structure of P-RuSe_(2) were fully characterized.Further,its peroxidase-like activity was investigated.P-RuSe_(2) possessed excellent peroxidase-mimicking activ-ity,which catalyzed the oxidation of peroxidase substrates,including 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine,o-phenylenediamine,and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Moreover,P-RuSe_(2) exhibited higher peroxidase-like activity when compared with several representative nanozymes as well as bulk RuSe_(2).To demonstrate its potential applications,the colorimetric detection systems for H_(2)O_(2) and glucose were successfully constructed based on P-RuSe_(2) nanozyme.展开更多
Bacillus subtilis spores(a simulant of Bacillus anthracis)have been imaged by two-photon luminescence(TPL)microscopy,using gold nanorods(GNRs)functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide.Control experiment...Bacillus subtilis spores(a simulant of Bacillus anthracis)have been imaged by two-photon luminescence(TPL)microscopy,using gold nanorods(GNRs)functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide.Control experiments using a peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence confi rmed that the GNR targeting was highly selective for the spore surfaces.The high sensitivity of TPL combined with the high affi nity of the peptide labels enables spores to be detected with high fi delity using GNRs at femtomolar concentrations.It was also determined that GNRs are capable of signifi cant TPL output even when irradiated at near infrared(NIR)wavelengths far from their longitudinal plasmon resonance(LPR),permitting considerable fl exibility in the choice of GNR aspect ratio or excitation wavelength for TPL imaging.展开更多
The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled wit...The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the photoactive protein, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which has been explored in developing enhanced photovoltaic devices. In this work, we have discovered that the kinetics of the BR photocycle can be manipulated using CdSe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The photocycle lifetime of protein samples with varying QD amounts were monitored using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Concentration-dependent elongations of the bR and M state lifetimes were observed in the kinetic traces, thus suggesting that excitonic coupling occurs between BR and QDs. We propose that the pairing of BR with QDs has the potential to be utilized in protein-based computing applications, specifically for real-time holographic processors, which depend on the temporal dynamics of the bR and M photointermediates.展开更多
文摘Nanotechnology is defined as the study and application of 1 - 100 nm sized structures. Nanomaterials have opened avenues for the industries and scientific endeavors. These recognized for unique size, dependant physical and chemical properties (optical, magnetic, catalytic, thermodynamic, electrochemical) [1]. Most significant properties of nanoparticles is their carbon strength. It is said to be so tough that recently with a nano-sized particles i.e. carbon nanotube—a bullet proof T-shirt/vests was manufactured. Nanotechnology were firstly proposed/initiated by Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman in 1959 [2]. This science is credited to have applications ranging from electronics, biomedicals, food, fuel cells to biosensors and even fabrics. Though every field of science progressing but still faces some lacunae and that result in development of a new technology. The thriving biomedical techniques for disorders like cancers etc. is still in developmental stage where researchers and doctors are working hard for concrete therapeutic results from such nano-techniques. On Cancers, the harmful side effects of its treatment like chemotherapy can’t be left aside which is result of one of its drug delivery methods that don’t pinpoint their intended target cells accurately rather affects whole area. Researchers in universities like Harvard and MIT have been able to attach special RNA strands, measuring about 10nm in diameter, to nanoparticles and fill the nanoparticles with a chemotherapy drug. The RNA strands get attracted to cancer cells. When the nanoparticle encounters a cancer cell it adheres to it and releases the drug into the cancer cell. This directed method of drug delivery has great potential for treating cancer patients while producing less side harmful effects than those produced by conventional chemotherapy [3]. This paper provides valuable information to the researchers, knowledge experts and policy makers regarding the application of nanotechnology and its values in science and technology. Biomedical is one of the major issues which were catered by nanotechnology.
文摘The incidence of bladder cancer(BC) continues to rise with high recurrence and mortality rate, especially in the past three decades. The development of accurate and successful BC treatment relies mainly on early diagnosis. BC is a heterogeneous disease reflected by the presence of many potential biomarkers associated with different disease phenotypes. Nowadays, cystoscopy and urinary cytology are considered the gold standard diagnostic tools for BC. There are many limitations to cystoscopy including being invasive, labor-intensive and carcinoma in situ of the bladder may easily be missed. Urinary cytology is still a noninvasive technique with high accuracy in high-grade BC with a median sensitivity of 35%. Furthermore, the need for a sensitive, specific, non invasive, easily accessible BC biomarker is a major clinical need. The field of urinary BC biomarkers discovery is still a rapidly evolving discipline in which more recent technologies are evaluated and often optimized if they are not clinically significant to the urologists. Most of the current strategies for BC urinary biomarker detection depend on integration of information gleaned from the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, metabolomics and bionanotechnology. Effort is currently being made to identify the most potentially beneficial urinary biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and explore the efficacy of gathering the information revealed from the cooperation of different omic strategies that paves the way towards various urinary markers discovery for screening, diagnosis and prognosis of human BC.
基金the National University of Singapore(Nano Nash Program A-0004336-00-00&A-000850400-00,Singapore)Nanyang Technological University,Singapore(grant number 001487-00001)+4 种基金the Industry Alignment Fund—Pre-Positioning(IAF-PP)grant(A20G1a0046 and R-148-000-307-305/A0004345-00-00)the Singapore Ministry of Education,under its Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1(10051-MOE AcRF Tier 1:Thematic Call 2020)from Bertrand Czarnythe National University of Singapore Nano-NASH Program(NUHSRO/2020/002/Nano Nash/LOA)the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Nanomedicine Translational Research Program(NUHSRO/2021/034/TRP/09/Nanomedicine)the financial supports from Agency for Science,Technology,and Research(A~*STAR,Singapore)Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Individual Research Grant(AME IRG)(Project ID:A1883c0013,Singapore)。
文摘Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),naturally cell-secreted lipid membrane-bound vesicles laden with biological cargos including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,have drawn wide attention due to their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.However,current exploitation of EVs as therapeutic agents is limited by their low isolation yields and tedious isolation processes.To circumvent these challenges,bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles(CDNs)that mimic EVs were obtained by shearing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through membranes with different pore sizes.Physical characterisations and highthroughput proteomics confirmed that MSC-CDNs mimicked MSC-EVs.Moreover,these MSC-CDNs were efficiently uptaken by human dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated a dose-dependent activation of MAPK signalling pathway,resulting in enhancement of cell proliferation,cell migration,secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins,which all promoted tissue regeneration.Of note,MSC-CDNs enhanced angiogenesis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D PEGfibrin scaffold and animal model,accelerating wound healing in vitro and in vivo.These findings suggest that MSC-CDNs could replace both whole cells and EVs in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.
文摘Direct observation is arguably the preferred way to investigate the interactions between two molecular complexes. With the development of high speed atomic force microscopy （AFM）, it is becoming possible to observe directly DNA-protein interactions with relevant spatial and temporal resolutions. These interactions are of central importance to biology, bionanotechnology, and functional biologically inspired materials. As in all microscopy studies, sample preparation plays a central role in AFM observation and minimal perturbation of the sample is desired. Here, we demonstrate the ability to tune the interactions between DNA molecules and the surface to create an association strong enough to enable high-resolution AFM imaging while also providing sufficient translational freedom to allow the relevant protein-DNA interactions to take place. Furthermore, we describe a quantitative method for measuring DNA mobility, while also determining the individual forces contributing to DNA movement. We found that for a weak surface association, a significant contribution to the movement arises from the interaction of the AFM tip with the DNA. In combination, these methods enable the tuning of the surface translational freedom of DNA molecules to allow the direct study of a wide range of nucleo-protein interactions by high speed atomic force microscopy.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21874067 and 21722503)973 Program(2015CB659400)+3 种基金PAPD program,Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province,Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(SKLACLS1704)Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry(SKLCC1819)Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine(Ministry of Education)(ACBM2019001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021314380145).
文摘Nanozyme is a promising field that offers the substitution for natural enzymes using various nanomaterials.Various nanoma-terials with peroxidase-like activity were investigated.Among them,transition metal chalcogenides were explored as promis-ing nanozymes due to their excellent enzyme-mimicking activities.However,ruthenium selenide has not been studied as a peroxidase mimic because of the difficulty for synthesis.Herein,we prepared ruthenium selenide nanomaterial with ordered mesoporous structure(P-RuSe_(2))employing KIT-6 silica as the template.The composition and structure of P-RuSe_(2) were fully characterized.Further,its peroxidase-like activity was investigated.P-RuSe_(2) possessed excellent peroxidase-mimicking activ-ity,which catalyzed the oxidation of peroxidase substrates,including 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine,o-phenylenediamine,and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Moreover,P-RuSe_(2) exhibited higher peroxidase-like activity when compared with several representative nanozymes as well as bulk RuSe_(2).To demonstrate its potential applications,the colorimetric detection systems for H_(2)O_(2) and glucose were successfully constructed based on P-RuSe_(2) nanozyme.
基金This work is supported by the National Institute of Health(EB-001777)also by the Department of Defense(W911SR-08-C-0001)administered through the U.S.Army RDECOM(Edgewood Contracting Division)and the Center for Sensing Science and Technology at Purdue University。
文摘Bacillus subtilis spores(a simulant of Bacillus anthracis)have been imaged by two-photon luminescence(TPL)microscopy,using gold nanorods(GNRs)functionalized with a cysteine-terminated homing peptide.Control experiments using a peptide with a scrambled amino acid sequence confi rmed that the GNR targeting was highly selective for the spore surfaces.The high sensitivity of TPL combined with the high affi nity of the peptide labels enables spores to be detected with high fi delity using GNRs at femtomolar concentrations.It was also determined that GNRs are capable of signifi cant TPL output even when irradiated at near infrared(NIR)wavelengths far from their longitudinal plasmon resonance(LPR),permitting considerable fl exibility in the choice of GNR aspect ratio or excitation wavelength for TPL imaging.
基金the National Institutes of Health (GM-34548)the National Science Foundation (No. CAREER-1554800).
文摘The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the photoactive protein, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which has been explored in developing enhanced photovoltaic devices. In this work, we have discovered that the kinetics of the BR photocycle can be manipulated using CdSe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The photocycle lifetime of protein samples with varying QD amounts were monitored using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Concentration-dependent elongations of the bR and M state lifetimes were observed in the kinetic traces, thus suggesting that excitonic coupling occurs between BR and QDs. We propose that the pairing of BR with QDs has the potential to be utilized in protein-based computing applications, specifically for real-time holographic processors, which depend on the temporal dynamics of the bR and M photointermediates.
