Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years fol...Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years following these recommendations, we conducted this study to estimate the coverage for three doses of IPT-SP (IPT3) as well as the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and its associated factors in Lomé (Togo) in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2021. An exhaustive recruitment of women and their newborns was carried out in the maternity wards of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center. Data from antenatal consultations and clinical data of the newborns were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with LBW. Results: A total of 252 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Median age of the mothers was 27 years, IQR [24-31]. More than a third (35.3%) of the mothers were primigravida. IPT3 coverage was 66.7% and 14.7% of newborns had a LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 33.3% [23.3-43.4] in women who had received fewer than 3 doses of IPT-SP and 5.4% [2.0-8.8] in those who had received at least 3 doses of IPT-SP (p Conclusion: Ten years following recommendations of the WHO on IPT-SP, malaria prevention based on IPT-SP is not optimal among pregnant women in Lomé, and the proportion of LBW children remains high. Actions to strengthen the three-dose IPT-SP policy are needed to prevent malaria and its consequences among newborns in Togo.展开更多
BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower...BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify medical conditions impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants at three years of a...Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify medical conditions impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants at three years of age. Methods: Infants born in Banner Diamond Children’s University Medical Center, receiving services in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit, and attending Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up Clinic were identified. Participants received developmental assessment and follow-up from August 2012 through December 2018. Relevant clinical conditions during initial hospital stay and up to three years of age were obtained by reviewing medical and developmental records. Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Bayley III) was used to evaluate skill development at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 months. Results: Data analysis did not reveal significant p-values;it did demonstrate that some predictor variables impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in cognitive, language and motor skill development. Conclusion: This retrospective study reports significant association between birth weight and low cognitive scores. Correlations were also found between gestational age and Total Language, and the longer an infant stayed in the NICU, the poorer the Total Language Scaled Scores at 8 to 12 months, 15 to 18 months, and 24 to 36 months. Birth weight was found to be the greatest predictor of poor motor scores.展开更多
Introduction: Low birth weight is responsible for 9.1 million child deaths each year worldwide. It is the leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemio-clini...Introduction: Low birth weight is responsible for 9.1 million child deaths each year worldwide. It is the leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemio-clinical profile as well as the future of low birth weight at the Reference Health Center of commune VI in the district of Bamako, Mali. Methods: Our study was descriptive and prospective over a year from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Data were taken from hospital records and newborn referral/evacuation forms. Data processing was performed using Epi Info software version 3.5.4 and Word. Results: The frequency of low birth weight was 34.94%. Multiparity accounted for 47.84%, sex ratio was 0.93, maternal arterial hypertension was present in 41.66%, genitourinary infection was in 58.37% and delivery was by low way in 86.12%. The majority of newborns had a gestational age between 28SA-33SA (56.52%) and a weight between 1501-1999 grams (47.36%). Mortality accounted for 18.66%. Conclusion: Low birth weight is common in our settings with modifiable risk factors. Practitioners must play on them to minimize its importance.展开更多
Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas ...Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas of Cotonou. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study included 931 records of women who gave birth in 2022 in the Cotonou 1-4 health zone. Completed maternity records were included in this study, except for premature births and congenital malformations. Birth weight was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, preventive care and child-related data were collected using a digitized form. These data were analyzed using SPSS software to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 16.30%. Factors related to this prevalence were non-use of mosquito nets during pregnancy (OR = 2.72;CI: 1.275 - 5.805), twin pregnancy (OR = 9.97;CI: 3.869 - 25.696), previous abortion (OR = 1.61;CI: 1.034 - 2.515), low number of pregnancy (OR = 3.97;CI: 1.276 - 12.393), trimester of first antenatal visit (OR = 3.47;CI: 1.821 - 6.638) and birth size less than 45 cm (OR = 5.98;CI: 2.965 - 12.083). Conclusion: The prevalence obtained from this study justifies the need to support pregnant women in this health zone. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen communication and health promotion strategies for women before, during, and after pregnancy.展开更多
Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas ...Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas of Cotonou. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study included 931 records of women who gave birth in 2022 in the Cotonou 1-4 health zone. Completed maternity records were included in this study, except for premature births and congenital malformations. Birth weight was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, preventive care and child-related data were collected using a digitized form. These data were analyzed using SPSS software to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 16.30%. Factors related to this prevalence were non-use of mosquito nets during pregnancy (OR = 2.72;CI: 1.275 - 5.805), twin pregnancy (OR = 9.97;CI: 3.869 - 25.696), previous abortion (OR = 1.61;CI: 1.034 - 2.515), low number of pregnancy (OR = 3.97;CI: 1.276 - 12.393), trimester of first antenatal visit (OR = 3.47;CI: 1.821 - 6.638) and birth size less than 45 cm (OR = 5.98;CI: 2.965 - 12.083). Conclusion: The prevalence obtained from this study justifies the need to support pregnant women in this health zone. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen communication and health promotion strategies for women before, during, and after pregnancy.展开更多
<strong>Objectives: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aims to describe birth weight and its var...<strong>Objectives: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aims to describe birth weight and its variations concerning maternal characteristics as well as to standardize birth weight curves for Qatari and expatriate’s newborn population born in the state of Qatar.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PEARL-Peristat registry is a National maternal-neonatal observation epidemiologic database project where both maternal and neonatal cohort data are collected to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a disease, conditions, or exposures.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Out of 50</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">535 singleton deliveries, only 44</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">178 live-born infants were included in this study. The LBW rate has remained constant since 2011 and was reported as 2.4% in males and 3.5% in females. The average total LBW was 3%. The lowest incidence of LBW was seen in maternal age between 30</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">45 years. There was a marginal increase in the incidence of LBW among mothers less than 20 years of age. The incidence of LBW among Qatari mothers was reported as 2.6%, 2.2%, and 2.4% in years 2011,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2012, 2017 respectively with a significant difference when compared to expatriates’ newborns particularly in the year 2017 (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, among Qatari newborns, there is a significant rise in the rate of LBW from 2011 to 2017, 2.9</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to 4.1% (p-value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≥ 0.007). The expatriate’s population received 69 % of all maternal hospital services offered in government hospitals.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The birth weight of newborns delivered in the state of Qatar is to a large extent consistent with the international birth weight figures for both Qatari and expatriate newborns delivered in Qatar. Low birth weight is increasing particularly among young mothers. The lowest rate of LBW was reported among mothers aged above 29 years old. Large for the date was observed among mothers older than 29 years of age.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes...The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes with high ovulatory quota.However,in the early-and post-implantation stages,the rate of embryo losses was increased with the increase of zygotes.Among the various factors,placental growth and development is the vital determinant for fetal survival,growth,and development.Despite the potential survival of fetuses with deficient placental development,their life-conditions and growth can be damaged by a process termed intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The newborn piglets affected by IUGR are prone to increased morbidity and mortality rates;meanwhile,the growth,health and welfare of the surviving piglets will remain hampered by these conditions,with a tendency to exacerbate with age.Functional amino acids such as glycine,proline,and arginine continue to increase with the development of placenta,which are not only essential to placental growth(including vascular growth)and development,but can also be used as substrates for the production of glutathione,polyamines and nitric oxide to benefit placental function in many ways.However,the exact regulation mechanism of these amino acids in placental function has not yet been clarified.In this review,we provide evidence from literature and our own work for the role and mechanism of dietary functional amino acids during pregnancy in regulating the placental functional response to fetal loss and birth weight of piglets.This review will provide novel insights into the response of nutritionally nonessential amino acids(glycine and proline)to placental development as well as feasible strategies to enhance the fertility of sows.展开更多
We report a case involving a rescued low birth weight infant(LBWI) with acute liver failure. Case: The patient was 1594 g and 32^(3/7) gestational wk at birth. At the age of 11 d, she developed acute liver failure due...We report a case involving a rescued low birth weight infant(LBWI) with acute liver failure. Case: The patient was 1594 g and 32^(3/7) gestational wk at birth. At the age of 11 d, she developed acute liver failure due to gestational alloimmune liver disease. Exchange transfusion and high-dose gamma globulin therapy were initiated, and body weight increased with enteral nutrition. Exchange transfusion was performed a total of 33 times prior to living donor liver transplantation(LDLT). Her liver dysfunction could not be treated by medications alone. At 55 d old and a body weight of 2946 g, she underwent LDLT using an S2 monosegment graft from her mother. Three years have passed with no reports of intellectual disability or liver dysfunction. LBWIs with acute liver failure may be rescued by LDLT after body weight has increased to over 2500 g.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who ...Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>At present, there is no domestic research on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital infection in very low birth weight infants. In this paper, we will explore the...<strong>Background: </strong>At present, there is no domestic research on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital infection in very low birth weight infants. In this paper, we will explore the relationship between nurses of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and nosocomial infections. <strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 280 very low birth weight infants born in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were collected, and the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to study the nursing staff of each very low birth weight infant who was admitted to the NICU The relationship between the number of infections and hospital infections. <strong>Results: </strong>On average, each nurse needs to care for 4.3 very low birth weight infants (lowest to highest: 2.50 - 8.42). In the univariate analysis, the higher the incidence of urinary tract infection (P < 0.05), the multivariate logistic regression analysis of neonatal nosocomial infection showed that nurse staffing was significantly related to the incidence of urinary tract infection (OR = 1.78;95% confidence interval, 1.17 - 2.35, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between nurse staffing and bloodstream infection (OR = 0.91;95% confidence interval, 0.74 - 1.06, P > 0.05) or Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) infection (OR = 1.17;95% confidence interval, 0.94 - 1.47, P > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our research shows that in the neonatal intensive care unit, the reasonable deployment of nursing staff is an important factor in preventing urinary tract infections in very low birth weight infants. It is important for improving the survival rate of very low birth weight infants and reducing the occurrence of sequelae.展开更多
Birth weight(BW)and days to 100 kg(D100)are important economic traits that are both affected by polygenes.However,the genetic architecture of these quantitative traits is still elusive.Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)dat...Birth weight(BW)and days to 100 kg(D100)are important economic traits that are both affected by polygenes.However,the genetic architecture of these quantitative traits is still elusive.Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)data containing a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)have become a powerful tool in genomic analysis.To better understand their complex genetic structure,a total of 600 Yorkshire pigs were sequenced using GBS technology.After quality control,279787 SNPs were generated for subsequent genome-wide association study(GWAS).A total of 30 genome-wide SNPs(P<1.79 E–07)were identified for D100.Furthermore,a total of 22 and 2 suggestive SNPs(P<3.57 E–06)were detected for D100 and BW,respectively.Of these,one locus located on SSC12(position:46226512 bp)were evaluated to affect both BW and D100 in Yorkshire pigs,indicating the pleiotropism in different traits.Considering the function of candidate genes,two genes,NSRP1 and DOCK7,were suggested as the most promising candidate genes involved in growth traits.Thus,use of GBS is able to identify novel variants and potential candidate genes for BW and D100,and provide an opportunity for improving pig growth traits using genomic selection in pigs.展开更多
Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality is one of the most public health problems in the world. A lot of neonatal deaths occur in foetus with low birth weight (LBW). Several risk factors of LBW have been describe...Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality is one of the most public health problems in the world. A lot of neonatal deaths occur in foetus with low birth weight (LBW). Several risk factors of LBW have been described in the literature such as maternal age, chronic and gestational hypertension infection and anémia. Smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factor of LBW in developed and developing countries. Aims: In this study, we evaluated the incidence and the impact of passive smoking and some other principle risk factors of LBW. Material & Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Marrakesh university hospital in Morocco. During a period of 3 years, all LBW babies were included in the study. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software. The association between LBW and each variable was studied by the chi square test comparing cases and controls groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed after including all variables found to have significant differences on univariate analysis. Results: 288 cases of LBW have been identified representing 2.19% of all births. The study of the categories showed that 84.3% of babies were moderate LBW (1500 - 2500 g), including 49 babies from twin pregnancies. 15.7% were very LBW (<1500 g). Several risk factors have been identified in LBW. Passive smoking was significantly associated with LBW [(OR 1.77;CI: 1.22 - 2.25)]. Conclusion: A number of risk factors are related to low birth weight, which is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. This study shows that passive smoking is one of those risk factors and it is a preventable one.展开更多
Objectives It is unclear whether G protein-coupled receptor 61(GPR61)affecting body weight,plays a role in the association between birth weight and weather.This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal weather an...Objectives It is unclear whether G protein-coupled receptor 61(GPR61)affecting body weight,plays a role in the association between birth weight and weather.This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal weather and GPR61 on birth weight.Methods A total of 567 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in Houzhai Center Hospital during2011–2012.We detected the maternal and neonatal GPR61 promoter methylation levels,and obtained meteorological and air pollution data.Results A positive association was observed between maternal and neonatal GPR61 methylation levels,and both of them were affected by precipitation,relative humidity(RH)and daily temperature range(DTR).Birth weight was associated negatively with RH and positively with DTR(P<0.05).A significant association was observed between birth weight and neonatal GPR61 methylation.We observed that maternal GPR61 methylation seemed to modify associations between weather and birth weight(P_(interaction)<0.10),while neonatal GPR61 methylation mediated the effects of RH and DTR on birth weight(P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings revealed the significant associations among prenatal weather,GPR61 methylation and birth weight.Maternal GPR61 methylation may modify the susceptibility of birth weight to prenatal weather conditions,while neonatal GPR61 methylation may be a bridge of the effects of prenatal RH and DTR on birth weight.展开更多
Objective: To determine the association between low birth weight and household food insecurity at government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A case control study was carried out on 468 mothers with term ne...Objective: To determine the association between low birth weight and household food insecurity at government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A case control study was carried out on 468 mothers with term neonates from February 1, 2017 to May 15, 2017. The cases were women who gave term babies weighing less than 2500 g and the controls were those having 2500 g or above. In the included hospitals, choices of cases were done as the cases found and the next three eligible newborns in the maternity room were the controls. Data were collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire. Standard beam balance was used to measure the neonatal weight by trained midwifery. The data were entered into a computer using Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for data management and analysis. Results: Mothers having food insecurity [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.58;95% confidence interval (CI) (1.79-7.16)], mid-upper arm circumference [AOR 7.70;95% CI (4.39-13.60)], hypertension [AOR 4.81;95% CI (2.33-9.93)], and early age [AOR 3.88;95% CI (1.35-11.15)] showed statistically significant association with low birth weight. Conclusions: Household food insecurity, hypertension, mid-upper arm circumference and early age in women were significant predictors of low birth weight. The provision of adequate nutrient for pregnant mothers having household food insecurity should be assured in order to prevent adverse birth weight outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: There is evidence that malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life contributes to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood and therefore may produce a lasting impact on the health of the popu...Introduction: There is evidence that malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life contributes to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood and therefore may produce a lasting impact on the health of the population. Colombia, like other middle-income countries suffers the double burden of malnutrition in pregnant women and children under 5 years. Also, chronic diseases have positioned within the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim is to estimate the burden of disease of noncommunicable chronic diseases-NCD’s (hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus II) in adults attributable to nutritional risk factors (no-breastfeeding and low birthweight) in the period of 1000 days in Colombia. Methods: The population attributable fraction and the number of NCD’s (hypertension, diabetes mellitus II and obesity) cases due to the risk factors (low birthweight and no-breastfeeding) were estimated. Prevalences of NCD’s and risk factors of interest were taken from national health surveys. Effect measures (odds ratios/relative risks) of the associations 1—low birthweight and hypertension, diabetes mellitus II and 2—no-breastfeeding and obesity were obtained after a systematic literature search. Results: It was estimated that not receiving breastfeeding in the 1000 days could contribute up to 29.9% of all cases of obesity, equivalent to about 4,009,779 cases across the country. Low birth weight could contribute up to 2.1% of cases of hypertension in men and to 4.0% of cases in women, equivalent to 103.769 cases across the country. In addition, low birth weight could contribute to 6.3% of diabetes mellitus II cases, which is equivalent to 23.857 cases in the country. Conclusion: In Colombia, risk factors during the first 1000 days like not receiving breastfeeding and having low birth weight could contribute up to 4,113,549 cases of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus II, with important implications for the health of the population and the Colombian health system.展开更多
Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is the dominating risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. LBW infants were three times more likely than normal birth weight infants to have neuro developmental complication...Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is the dominating risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. LBW infants were three times more likely than normal birth weight infants to have neuro developmental complications and congenital abnormalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the term Low Birth Weight (LBW) as birth weight less than 2500 grams. Objective: To develop epidemiological model investigating the association between mother’s nutritional status and low birth weight in India. Data and Methods: Third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data collected during 2005-2006 is used for this study. This data provides a comprehensive picture of population and health conditions in India. To check the association between variables coefficient of contingency was calculated and multivariable logistic regression model was applied to check independent effect of covariates. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistics regression model has been developed to investigate the association between mother’s nutritional status and low birth weight in India. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was observed high among those women who were underweight, anemic, never visited for any ANC checkup. Emphasis needs to be given to maternal nutritional factors which are more persistent across India than the impact of other factors on birth weight. This can be done by selectively targeting interventions to improve nutrition.展开更多
<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>: </strong></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Vaccination is very often dela...<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>: </strong></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Vaccination is very often delayed in premature and low birth weight infants. However, timely vaccination is even more important in this population because of their increased susceptibility to infection.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">To assess immunization practice and factors associated with vaccine promptness</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and completeness in former preterm and low-birth-weight infants.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study (January 2017 to February 2019).</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Main Measurement: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Promptness and completeness at each contact, Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.2, logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We recruited 310 children aged 12 to 36 months born before 37 weeks with low birth weight, 163 (52.6%) of whom were female. Two hundred and fifty-three had received the vaccines at the indicated age, with</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">promptness rate of 81.6%, and 97.7% had completed routine immunization at 9 months. The mean age at vaccination initiation was 6 days ±</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">11 and the mean weight at vaccination initiation was 2233</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g ±</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">494. High </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">prematurity and very low birth weight were associated with a high rate of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> vaccine delay: 61.5% [OR: 15.56;(CI: 3.22</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">118.52;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.002)] and 66.7% [OR: 19.19;(CI: 4.67</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">92.52;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001)] respectively. Distance > 5 km with EHC [OR: 3.48;(CI: 1.68</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7.47;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001)] was associated with poor vaccination. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Women in common-law unions had the lowest vaccine readiness rate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(60.6%), (OR: 3.36;CI: 1.006</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10.70;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.038). The frequency of occurrence of post </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">immunization adverse events was 24.5%, with fever type in 94.7%.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Almost all premature and/or low-birth-weight children hospitalized at Essos Hospital Center had completed routine immunization at 9 months, and the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">majority had received the vaccines in a timely manner. Similar</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">study</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">needed in rural area.</span>展开更多
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of term low birth weight (TLBW) and its risk factors. Methods: A follow-up study with 7, 872 couples was conducted from 1987 to 199o beginning from the time they got marriage l...Objective: To investigate the prevalence of term low birth weight (TLBW) and its risk factors. Methods: A follow-up study with 7, 872 couples was conducted from 1987 to 199o beginning from the time they got marriage licenses in two districts defined in Shanghai. They were interviewed in the third month and again in the fifteenth month and in the fifth to sixth year afterwards individually at home. The total follow up rate reached 98%. Couple’s background characteristics as well as the information on their general health. reproductivc history and contraceptive use etc.. were collected dynamically. All of the single live births with term delivery were Included for data analysis in this paper. Adjusted odd ratios and population attributable risk (PAR%) were computed. Results: The prevalence of TLBW in Shanghai single term live births was 2. 0% (134,/6.573), represents 54. 7% (134/245) of the total low birth weights in our sam pie. Significant social and behaviour risk factors relating with TI-BW were wife’s dissat- isfaction with marriage; low education level of husband; co-residence with parents during pregnancy; heavy housework done by the wife while being pregnant. Significant biomedical risky factors were menarche age greater than 16 years old; maternal age at delivery greater than 29 years old; maternal body mass index less than 19. 8; wife suf- fered from serious disease prior to conceiving; having pregnancy complication; gestational weight gain less than 20 % of pre-pregnancy weight; having abortion, stillbirth and fetal death history. Conclusion: TL.BW constituted over half of all low birth weights in Shanghai. Special attention should be paid to the determinants mentioned above in TLBW intervention program. Improving couples’ economic and living condition and husband ’s education at tainment, and caloric supplementation with women while being pregnant would all be particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of TLBW in Shnaghai.展开更多
文摘Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years following these recommendations, we conducted this study to estimate the coverage for three doses of IPT-SP (IPT3) as well as the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and its associated factors in Lomé (Togo) in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2021. An exhaustive recruitment of women and their newborns was carried out in the maternity wards of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center. Data from antenatal consultations and clinical data of the newborns were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with LBW. Results: A total of 252 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Median age of the mothers was 27 years, IQR [24-31]. More than a third (35.3%) of the mothers were primigravida. IPT3 coverage was 66.7% and 14.7% of newborns had a LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 33.3% [23.3-43.4] in women who had received fewer than 3 doses of IPT-SP and 5.4% [2.0-8.8] in those who had received at least 3 doses of IPT-SP (p Conclusion: Ten years following recommendations of the WHO on IPT-SP, malaria prevention based on IPT-SP is not optimal among pregnant women in Lomé, and the proportion of LBW children remains high. Actions to strengthen the three-dose IPT-SP policy are needed to prevent malaria and its consequences among newborns in Togo.
文摘BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.
文摘Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify medical conditions impacting neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight preterm infants at three years of age. Methods: Infants born in Banner Diamond Children’s University Medical Center, receiving services in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit, and attending Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up Clinic were identified. Participants received developmental assessment and follow-up from August 2012 through December 2018. Relevant clinical conditions during initial hospital stay and up to three years of age were obtained by reviewing medical and developmental records. Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (Bayley III) was used to evaluate skill development at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 months. Results: Data analysis did not reveal significant p-values;it did demonstrate that some predictor variables impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in cognitive, language and motor skill development. Conclusion: This retrospective study reports significant association between birth weight and low cognitive scores. Correlations were also found between gestational age and Total Language, and the longer an infant stayed in the NICU, the poorer the Total Language Scaled Scores at 8 to 12 months, 15 to 18 months, and 24 to 36 months. Birth weight was found to be the greatest predictor of poor motor scores.
文摘Introduction: Low birth weight is responsible for 9.1 million child deaths each year worldwide. It is the leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality. The objective of this work was to determine the epidemio-clinical profile as well as the future of low birth weight at the Reference Health Center of commune VI in the district of Bamako, Mali. Methods: Our study was descriptive and prospective over a year from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Data were taken from hospital records and newborn referral/evacuation forms. Data processing was performed using Epi Info software version 3.5.4 and Word. Results: The frequency of low birth weight was 34.94%. Multiparity accounted for 47.84%, sex ratio was 0.93, maternal arterial hypertension was present in 41.66%, genitourinary infection was in 58.37% and delivery was by low way in 86.12%. The majority of newborns had a gestational age between 28SA-33SA (56.52%) and a weight between 1501-1999 grams (47.36%). Mortality accounted for 18.66%. Conclusion: Low birth weight is common in our settings with modifiable risk factors. Practitioners must play on them to minimize its importance.
文摘Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas of Cotonou. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study included 931 records of women who gave birth in 2022 in the Cotonou 1-4 health zone. Completed maternity records were included in this study, except for premature births and congenital malformations. Birth weight was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, preventive care and child-related data were collected using a digitized form. These data were analyzed using SPSS software to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 16.30%. Factors related to this prevalence were non-use of mosquito nets during pregnancy (OR = 2.72;CI: 1.275 - 5.805), twin pregnancy (OR = 9.97;CI: 3.869 - 25.696), previous abortion (OR = 1.61;CI: 1.034 - 2.515), low number of pregnancy (OR = 3.97;CI: 1.276 - 12.393), trimester of first antenatal visit (OR = 3.47;CI: 1.821 - 6.638) and birth size less than 45 cm (OR = 5.98;CI: 2.965 - 12.083). Conclusion: The prevalence obtained from this study justifies the need to support pregnant women in this health zone. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen communication and health promotion strategies for women before, during, and after pregnancy.
文摘Introduction: Low birth weight is a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of low birth weight in the lake areas of Cotonou. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study included 931 records of women who gave birth in 2022 in the Cotonou 1-4 health zone. Completed maternity records were included in this study, except for premature births and congenital malformations. Birth weight was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic, obstetrical, preventive care and child-related data were collected using a digitized form. These data were analyzed using SPSS software to determine the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 16.30%. Factors related to this prevalence were non-use of mosquito nets during pregnancy (OR = 2.72;CI: 1.275 - 5.805), twin pregnancy (OR = 9.97;CI: 3.869 - 25.696), previous abortion (OR = 1.61;CI: 1.034 - 2.515), low number of pregnancy (OR = 3.97;CI: 1.276 - 12.393), trimester of first antenatal visit (OR = 3.47;CI: 1.821 - 6.638) and birth size less than 45 cm (OR = 5.98;CI: 2.965 - 12.083). Conclusion: The prevalence obtained from this study justifies the need to support pregnant women in this health zone. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen communication and health promotion strategies for women before, during, and after pregnancy.
文摘<strong>Objectives: </strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study aims to describe birth weight and its variations concerning maternal characteristics as well as to standardize birth weight curves for Qatari and expatriate’s newborn population born in the state of Qatar.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PEARL-Peristat registry is a National maternal-neonatal observation epidemiologic database project where both maternal and neonatal cohort data are collected to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a disease, conditions, or exposures.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Out of 50</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">535 singleton deliveries, only 44</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">178 live-born infants were included in this study. The LBW rate has remained constant since 2011 and was reported as 2.4% in males and 3.5% in females. The average total LBW was 3%. The lowest incidence of LBW was seen in maternal age between 30</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">45 years. There was a marginal increase in the incidence of LBW among mothers less than 20 years of age. The incidence of LBW among Qatari mothers was reported as 2.6%, 2.2%, and 2.4% in years 2011,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2012, 2017 respectively with a significant difference when compared to expatriates’ newborns particularly in the year 2017 (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, among Qatari newborns, there is a significant rise in the rate of LBW from 2011 to 2017, 2.9</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to 4.1% (p-value</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≥ 0.007). The expatriate’s population received 69 % of all maternal hospital services offered in government hospitals.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The birth weight of newborns delivered in the state of Qatar is to a large extent consistent with the international birth weight figures for both Qatari and expatriate newborns delivered in Qatar. Low birth weight is increasing particularly among young mothers. The lowest rate of LBW was reported among mothers aged above 29 years old. Large for the date was observed among mothers older than 29 years of age.</span></span></span></span>
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1300401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902165)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012116)
文摘The fertility of sows mainly depends on the embryo losses during gestation and the survival rate of the postfarrowing piglets.The selection of highly-prolific sows has been mainly focused on the selection of genotypes with high ovulatory quota.However,in the early-and post-implantation stages,the rate of embryo losses was increased with the increase of zygotes.Among the various factors,placental growth and development is the vital determinant for fetal survival,growth,and development.Despite the potential survival of fetuses with deficient placental development,their life-conditions and growth can be damaged by a process termed intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The newborn piglets affected by IUGR are prone to increased morbidity and mortality rates;meanwhile,the growth,health and welfare of the surviving piglets will remain hampered by these conditions,with a tendency to exacerbate with age.Functional amino acids such as glycine,proline,and arginine continue to increase with the development of placenta,which are not only essential to placental growth(including vascular growth)and development,but can also be used as substrates for the production of glutathione,polyamines and nitric oxide to benefit placental function in many ways.However,the exact regulation mechanism of these amino acids in placental function has not yet been clarified.In this review,we provide evidence from literature and our own work for the role and mechanism of dietary functional amino acids during pregnancy in regulating the placental functional response to fetal loss and birth weight of piglets.This review will provide novel insights into the response of nutritionally nonessential amino acids(glycine and proline)to placental development as well as feasible strategies to enhance the fertility of sows.
文摘We report a case involving a rescued low birth weight infant(LBWI) with acute liver failure. Case: The patient was 1594 g and 32^(3/7) gestational wk at birth. At the age of 11 d, she developed acute liver failure due to gestational alloimmune liver disease. Exchange transfusion and high-dose gamma globulin therapy were initiated, and body weight increased with enteral nutrition. Exchange transfusion was performed a total of 33 times prior to living donor liver transplantation(LDLT). Her liver dysfunction could not be treated by medications alone. At 55 d old and a body weight of 2946 g, she underwent LDLT using an S2 monosegment graft from her mother. Three years have passed with no reports of intellectual disability or liver dysfunction. LBWIs with acute liver failure may be rescued by LDLT after body weight has increased to over 2500 g.
基金The study was funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration of China(approval number 2011ZB083)the Quality of Nursing Practice Project of the Chinese Medical Association.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>At present, there is no domestic research on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital infection in very low birth weight infants. In this paper, we will explore the relationship between nurses of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and nosocomial infections. <strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 280 very low birth weight infants born in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were collected, and the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to study the nursing staff of each very low birth weight infant who was admitted to the NICU The relationship between the number of infections and hospital infections. <strong>Results: </strong>On average, each nurse needs to care for 4.3 very low birth weight infants (lowest to highest: 2.50 - 8.42). In the univariate analysis, the higher the incidence of urinary tract infection (P < 0.05), the multivariate logistic regression analysis of neonatal nosocomial infection showed that nurse staffing was significantly related to the incidence of urinary tract infection (OR = 1.78;95% confidence interval, 1.17 - 2.35, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between nurse staffing and bloodstream infection (OR = 0.91;95% confidence interval, 0.74 - 1.06, P > 0.05) or Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) infection (OR = 1.17;95% confidence interval, 0.94 - 1.47, P > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our research shows that in the neonatal intensive care unit, the reasonable deployment of nursing staff is an important factor in preventing urinary tract infections in very low birth weight infants. It is important for improving the survival rate of very low birth weight infants and reducing the occurrence of sequelae.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2020YFN0024)the Sichuan Innovation Team of Pig,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(sccxtd-2020-08)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0501204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530073 and C170102)the the China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35-01A)。
文摘Birth weight(BW)and days to 100 kg(D100)are important economic traits that are both affected by polygenes.However,the genetic architecture of these quantitative traits is still elusive.Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)data containing a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)have become a powerful tool in genomic analysis.To better understand their complex genetic structure,a total of 600 Yorkshire pigs were sequenced using GBS technology.After quality control,279787 SNPs were generated for subsequent genome-wide association study(GWAS).A total of 30 genome-wide SNPs(P<1.79 E–07)were identified for D100.Furthermore,a total of 22 and 2 suggestive SNPs(P<3.57 E–06)were detected for D100 and BW,respectively.Of these,one locus located on SSC12(position:46226512 bp)were evaluated to affect both BW and D100 in Yorkshire pigs,indicating the pleiotropism in different traits.Considering the function of candidate genes,two genes,NSRP1 and DOCK7,were suggested as the most promising candidate genes involved in growth traits.Thus,use of GBS is able to identify novel variants and potential candidate genes for BW and D100,and provide an opportunity for improving pig growth traits using genomic selection in pigs.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81370719)Suzhou Science&Technology Project(SYS201405)Suzhou Key Technologies of Prevention and Control of Major Disease and Infectious Diseases(Gwzx201506)
文摘Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality is one of the most public health problems in the world. A lot of neonatal deaths occur in foetus with low birth weight (LBW). Several risk factors of LBW have been described in the literature such as maternal age, chronic and gestational hypertension infection and anémia. Smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factor of LBW in developed and developing countries. Aims: In this study, we evaluated the incidence and the impact of passive smoking and some other principle risk factors of LBW. Material & Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Marrakesh university hospital in Morocco. During a period of 3 years, all LBW babies were included in the study. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software. The association between LBW and each variable was studied by the chi square test comparing cases and controls groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed after including all variables found to have significant differences on univariate analysis. Results: 288 cases of LBW have been identified representing 2.19% of all births. The study of the categories showed that 84.3% of babies were moderate LBW (1500 - 2500 g), including 49 babies from twin pregnancies. 15.7% were very LBW (<1500 g). Several risk factors have been identified in LBW. Passive smoking was significantly associated with LBW [(OR 1.77;CI: 1.22 - 2.25)]. Conclusion: A number of risk factors are related to low birth weight, which is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. This study shows that passive smoking is one of those risk factors and it is a preventable one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81972981&82003401&81673116]the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province[202102310622]the Opening Foundation of National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention&Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention[ZD202001]。
文摘Objectives It is unclear whether G protein-coupled receptor 61(GPR61)affecting body weight,plays a role in the association between birth weight and weather.This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal weather and GPR61 on birth weight.Methods A total of 567 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in Houzhai Center Hospital during2011–2012.We detected the maternal and neonatal GPR61 promoter methylation levels,and obtained meteorological and air pollution data.Results A positive association was observed between maternal and neonatal GPR61 methylation levels,and both of them were affected by precipitation,relative humidity(RH)and daily temperature range(DTR).Birth weight was associated negatively with RH and positively with DTR(P<0.05).A significant association was observed between birth weight and neonatal GPR61 methylation.We observed that maternal GPR61 methylation seemed to modify associations between weather and birth weight(P_(interaction)<0.10),while neonatal GPR61 methylation mediated the effects of RH and DTR on birth weight(P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings revealed the significant associations among prenatal weather,GPR61 methylation and birth weight.Maternal GPR61 methylation may modify the susceptibility of birth weight to prenatal weather conditions,while neonatal GPR61 methylation may be a bridge of the effects of prenatal RH and DTR on birth weight.
文摘Objective: To determine the association between low birth weight and household food insecurity at government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A case control study was carried out on 468 mothers with term neonates from February 1, 2017 to May 15, 2017. The cases were women who gave term babies weighing less than 2500 g and the controls were those having 2500 g or above. In the included hospitals, choices of cases were done as the cases found and the next three eligible newborns in the maternity room were the controls. Data were collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire. Standard beam balance was used to measure the neonatal weight by trained midwifery. The data were entered into a computer using Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for data management and analysis. Results: Mothers having food insecurity [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.58;95% confidence interval (CI) (1.79-7.16)], mid-upper arm circumference [AOR 7.70;95% CI (4.39-13.60)], hypertension [AOR 4.81;95% CI (2.33-9.93)], and early age [AOR 3.88;95% CI (1.35-11.15)] showed statistically significant association with low birth weight. Conclusions: Household food insecurity, hypertension, mid-upper arm circumference and early age in women were significant predictors of low birth weight. The provision of adequate nutrient for pregnant mothers having household food insecurity should be assured in order to prevent adverse birth weight outcomes.
文摘Introduction: There is evidence that malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life contributes to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood and therefore may produce a lasting impact on the health of the population. Colombia, like other middle-income countries suffers the double burden of malnutrition in pregnant women and children under 5 years. Also, chronic diseases have positioned within the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim is to estimate the burden of disease of noncommunicable chronic diseases-NCD’s (hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus II) in adults attributable to nutritional risk factors (no-breastfeeding and low birthweight) in the period of 1000 days in Colombia. Methods: The population attributable fraction and the number of NCD’s (hypertension, diabetes mellitus II and obesity) cases due to the risk factors (low birthweight and no-breastfeeding) were estimated. Prevalences of NCD’s and risk factors of interest were taken from national health surveys. Effect measures (odds ratios/relative risks) of the associations 1—low birthweight and hypertension, diabetes mellitus II and 2—no-breastfeeding and obesity were obtained after a systematic literature search. Results: It was estimated that not receiving breastfeeding in the 1000 days could contribute up to 29.9% of all cases of obesity, equivalent to about 4,009,779 cases across the country. Low birth weight could contribute up to 2.1% of cases of hypertension in men and to 4.0% of cases in women, equivalent to 103.769 cases across the country. In addition, low birth weight could contribute to 6.3% of diabetes mellitus II cases, which is equivalent to 23.857 cases in the country. Conclusion: In Colombia, risk factors during the first 1000 days like not receiving breastfeeding and having low birth weight could contribute up to 4,113,549 cases of obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus II, with important implications for the health of the population and the Colombian health system.
文摘Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is the dominating risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality. LBW infants were three times more likely than normal birth weight infants to have neuro developmental complications and congenital abnormalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the term Low Birth Weight (LBW) as birth weight less than 2500 grams. Objective: To develop epidemiological model investigating the association between mother’s nutritional status and low birth weight in India. Data and Methods: Third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data collected during 2005-2006 is used for this study. This data provides a comprehensive picture of population and health conditions in India. To check the association between variables coefficient of contingency was calculated and multivariable logistic regression model was applied to check independent effect of covariates. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistics regression model has been developed to investigate the association between mother’s nutritional status and low birth weight in India. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was observed high among those women who were underweight, anemic, never visited for any ANC checkup. Emphasis needs to be given to maternal nutritional factors which are more persistent across India than the impact of other factors on birth weight. This can be done by selectively targeting interventions to improve nutrition.
文摘<strong>Introduction</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>: </strong></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Vaccination is very often delayed in premature and low birth weight infants. However, timely vaccination is even more important in this population because of their increased susceptibility to infection.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">To assess immunization practice and factors associated with vaccine promptness</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and completeness in former preterm and low-birth-weight infants.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We conducted a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study (January 2017 to February 2019).</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Main Measurement: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Promptness and completeness at each contact, Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.2, logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI).</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We recruited 310 children aged 12 to 36 months born before 37 weeks with low birth weight, 163 (52.6%) of whom were female. Two hundred and fifty-three had received the vaccines at the indicated age, with</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">promptness rate of 81.6%, and 97.7% had completed routine immunization at 9 months. The mean age at vaccination initiation was 6 days ±</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">11 and the mean weight at vaccination initiation was 2233</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g ±</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">494. High </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">prematurity and very low birth weight were associated with a high rate of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> vaccine delay: 61.5% [OR: 15.56;(CI: 3.22</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">118.52;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.002)] and 66.7% [OR: 19.19;(CI: 4.67</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">92.52;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001)] respectively. Distance > 5 km with EHC [OR: 3.48;(CI: 1.68</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7.47;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001)] was associated with poor vaccination. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Women in common-law unions had the lowest vaccine readiness rate </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(60.6%), (OR: 3.36;CI: 1.006</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">10.70;p</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.038). The frequency of occurrence of post </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">immunization adverse events was 24.5%, with fever type in 94.7%.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Almost all premature and/or low-birth-weight children hospitalized at Essos Hospital Center had completed routine immunization at 9 months, and the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">majority had received the vaccines in a timely manner. Similar</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">study</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">needed in rural area.</span>
文摘Objective: To investigate the prevalence of term low birth weight (TLBW) and its risk factors. Methods: A follow-up study with 7, 872 couples was conducted from 1987 to 199o beginning from the time they got marriage licenses in two districts defined in Shanghai. They were interviewed in the third month and again in the fifteenth month and in the fifth to sixth year afterwards individually at home. The total follow up rate reached 98%. Couple’s background characteristics as well as the information on their general health. reproductivc history and contraceptive use etc.. were collected dynamically. All of the single live births with term delivery were Included for data analysis in this paper. Adjusted odd ratios and population attributable risk (PAR%) were computed. Results: The prevalence of TLBW in Shanghai single term live births was 2. 0% (134,/6.573), represents 54. 7% (134/245) of the total low birth weights in our sam pie. Significant social and behaviour risk factors relating with TI-BW were wife’s dissat- isfaction with marriage; low education level of husband; co-residence with parents during pregnancy; heavy housework done by the wife while being pregnant. Significant biomedical risky factors were menarche age greater than 16 years old; maternal age at delivery greater than 29 years old; maternal body mass index less than 19. 8; wife suf- fered from serious disease prior to conceiving; having pregnancy complication; gestational weight gain less than 20 % of pre-pregnancy weight; having abortion, stillbirth and fetal death history. Conclusion: TL.BW constituted over half of all low birth weights in Shanghai. Special attention should be paid to the determinants mentioned above in TLBW intervention program. Improving couples’ economic and living condition and husband ’s education at tainment, and caloric supplementation with women while being pregnant would all be particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of TLBW in Shnaghai.
