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Functional magnetic resonance imaging and the brain: A brief review 被引量:4
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作者 Maggie SM Chow Sharon L Wu +2 位作者 Sarah E Webb Katie Gluskin DT Yew 《World Journal of Radiology》 CAS 2017年第1期5-9,共5页
Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is em-ployed in many behavior analysis studies, with blood oxygen level dependent-(BOLD-) contrast imaging being the main method used to generate images. The use of BOLD-con... Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is em-ployed in many behavior analysis studies, with blood oxygen level dependent-(BOLD-) contrast imaging being the main method used to generate images. The use of BOLD-contrast imaging in f MRI has been refined over the years, for example, the inclusion of a spin echo pulse and increased magnetic strength were shown to produce better recorded images. Taking careful precautions to control variables during measurement, comparisons between different specimen groups can be illustrated by f MRI imaging using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Differences have been observed in comparisons of active and resting, developing and aging, and defective and damaged brains in various studies. However, cognitive studies using f MRI still face a number of challenges in interpretation that can only be overcome by imaging large numbers of samples. Furthermore, f MRI studies of brain cancer, lesions and other brain pathologies of both humans and animals are still to be explored. 展开更多
关键词 Functional magnetic resonance image blood oxygen level dependent imaging Humans Pig and rodent models AGING Drug effects Brain lesions and disease
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Cerebrovascular reactivity mapping for brain tumor presurgical planning 被引量:7
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作者 Domenico Zaca Jun Hua Jay J Pillai 《World Journal of Clinical Oncology》 2011年第7期289-298,共10页
This article provides a review of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD fMRI)applications for presurgical mapping in patients with brain tumors who are being considered for lesion res... This article provides a review of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD fMRI)applications for presurgical mapping in patients with brain tumors who are being considered for lesion resection.Initially,the physical principle of the BOLD effect is discussed,followed by a general overview of the aims of presurgical planning.Subsequently,a review of sensorimotor,language and visual paradigms that are typically utilized in clinical fMRI is provided,followed by a brief description of studies demonstrating the clinical impact of preoperative BOLD fMRI.After this thorough introduction to presurgical fMRI,a detailed explanation of the phenomenon of neurovascular uncoupling(NVU),a major limitation of fMRI,is provided,followed by a discussion of the different approaches taken for BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR)mapping,which is an effective method of detecting NVU.We then include one clinical case which demonstrates the value of CVR mapping in clinical preoperative fMRI interpretation.The paper then concludes with a brief review of applications of CVR mapping other than for presurgical mapping. 展开更多
关键词 blood oxygen level dependent TUMOR Cerebrovascular reactivity Functional magnetic resonance imaging Neurovascular uncoupling PRESURGICAL
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Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update 被引量:5
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作者 Xiao-Dong Zhang Long-Jiang Zhang +1 位作者 Sheng-Yong Wu Guang-Ming lu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第32期11262-11272,共11页
Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE.... Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contribute to the neurological alterations in HE. Both structural and functional impairments are found in the white mater and grey mater involved in HE. Although the investigations into HE pathophysiological mechanism are enormous, the exact pathophysiological causes underlying HE remain controversial. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays an important role in helping to understand the pathological process of HE. This paper reviews the up-to-date multimodality MRI methods and predominant findings in HE patients with a highlight ofthe increasingly important role of blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatic encephalopathy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diffusion weighted imaging Default-mode network blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging
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FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 被引量:4
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作者 Jing Han Lin Ma 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2006年第4期228-233,共6页
Objective To study the activation changes of the brain in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) while executing sequential finger tapping movement using the method of blood oxygenation level dependent (... Objective To study the activation changes of the brain in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) while executing sequential finger tapping movement using the method of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI). Methods Fifteen patients with definite or probable ALS and fifteen age and gender matched normal controls were enrolled. MRI was performed on a 3.0 Tesla scanner with standard headcoiL The functional images were acquired using a gradient echo single shot echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence. All patients and normal subjects executed sequential finger tapping movement at the frequency of 1-2 Hz during a block-design motor task. Structural MRI was acquired using a three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo (3D-FSPGR) sequence. The tMRI data were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Results Bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex ( PSM), bilateral premotor area ( PA), bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral parietal region ( PAR), contralateral inferior lateral premotor area ( ILPA), and ipsilateral cerebellum showed activation in both ALS patients and normal controls when executing the same motor task. The activation areas in bilateral PSM, bilateral PA, bilateral SMA, and ipsilateral cerebellum were significantly larger in ALS patients than those in normal controls ( P 〈 0.05 ). Extra activation areas including ipsilateral ILPA, bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule, and contralateral cerebellum were only detected in ALS patients. Conclusions Similar activation areas are activated in ALS patients and normal subjects while executing the same motor task. The increased activation areas in ALS patients may represent neural reorganization, while the extra activation areas in ALS patients may indicate functional compensation. 展开更多
关键词 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis blood oxygenation level dependent functional compensation neural reorganization
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